نشریه بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 48، تابستان 1396)

Abstract To achieve the suitable seed rate and barley cultivar in cold regions, a research was conducted as factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications during 2013- 2015 at Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Maragheh Station, Iran. Three barley cultivars of Sahand, Abidar and Dayton were evaluated in 300, 400, and 500 seeds/m2 seed rates. Abidar was better than others in thousand kernel weight, green cover percentage, rainfall productivity index, and biological and grain yields. Also, the seed rate of 400 seeds/m2 was the best regarding better productivity degree, rainfall productivity index, and biological and grain yields. Interaction between cultivar and seed rate was significant in thousand kernel weight, harvest index, productivity degree, rainfall productivity index, grain yield, plant height, green cover percentage in flowering stage and grains number in spike. Sahad in 500, and Abidar and Dayton in 400 seeds/m2 seed rates had the highest yield. On the whole, Abidar in 400 seeds/m2 seed rate had the most green cover percentage in flowering stage, harvest index, productivity degree, rainfall productivity index, biological and grain yield, thus could be recommended for rainfed barley fall cultivation in Maragheh and other similar regions.

Monoterpenes are the major compounds of essential oil and distilment of medicinal plants may be affected by storage light, temperature and duration. The current study was carried out to determine the effect of storage temperature and duration on monoterpenes of spearment distilment in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. The storage temperature was , , and -18 °C, and durations were 1, 2, and 3 months. Spearment foliage were dried in shade and its distilment were extracted by hydro distillation using a clevenger-type apparatus. The solvent of diethyl ether was used to purify distilment essential oils. Extracted essential oils were injected intoGC-MS for compounds identification. Totally, 29 compounds were detected in fresh distilment. Among monoterpenes, carvone, menthol, 1,8-cineole, pulegone, n-decane and piperitenone were the most frequrntly identified compounds, respectively. Only carvone did not change under storage temperatures and durations. However, other compounds were influenced and converted to each other. Menthol as the second frequent component in spearmint distilment and its flavor and antimicrobial properties responsible, was in the highest level in room temperature and refrigerator. On the whole, maintainance of spearmint distilment at room temperature is recommended.

To study phenotypic diversity and relationship among agronomical traits of 100 barley F3 generation families derived from cross between Badia × Komino barely cultivars, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Gonbad Kavous University during 2014-2015. Barley families had significantly high diversity in terms of awn length, spikelet no/spike. Grain yield was positive significantly correlated with total spike weight, seedlings number, plant height, awn length and biological yield and the highest correlation was observed between grain yield and total spike weight. In stepwise regression analysis, traits of seedlings number, days to heading, grain diameter, grains per spike, awn length had high contributed to grain yield. In path analysis the trait that had the most direct effect on yield was seedlings number. Barely families were classified into three groups regarding cluster analysis using Ward method and the third group was chosen as desirable one. On the whole, The most important factors influencing on yield increment of barley families was seedlings number and days to heading and these traits could be suitable choices to be used in barley breeding improvement programs.

In natural resources sustainable management, reclamation of saline soils meets high impact, because excess of soluble salts in root zone can reduce plant water uptake due to osmotic potential decrement of soil solution.The necessary strategy would be leaching of accumulated salts from these soils to overcome this challenge. The most important issue is in leaching practices is assessment of water quantity required for saline soils reclamation. This current study objective was to introduce an empirical model to measure of leaching water and its comparison with some experimental available models. An area of 30 ha with S4A1 salinity/sodicity class in Miyaneh, East Azerbayjan, Iran was selected for this study. The field experiment was conducted in intermittent ponding method by double rings with square arrangement in three replications. Inleaching process no amendment was used and only 100 cm water leaching was applied in 25 cm intervals.Soil samples were taken from 0-25, 25-50, 50-75, 75-100, 100-125, 125-150 cm of soil depths before, during and after each water rotation and required physical and chemical analyses were performed. The leaching water was supplied from Qizel-Ouzan river. Four mathematical models were fitted to our collected data and logarithmic model was selected as the best model. Using this model in Saline Soils of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branchlands, for one unit porevolume, almost 70 and for two unit pore volume about 79% of salts of these soilswere leached. Thus, leaching of soluble salts from the profile of saline soils of Mojtame series soilusing alternating flooding method was effective in reduction of soluble salts, especially in superficial layers of soil profilesdue to intermittent changes of soil moisture.

Among the agronomic practices, planting date and nitrogen fertilization are the prime factors that remarkably limit crop production. To evaluate the effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer on some morphological traits and yield of wheat, a field experiment was conducted at a Farm of Hashtroud, Iran in 2015 growing season. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design in split-plot experiment with three replications. Experimental treatments included Four sowing date of Sept. 27, Oct. 4, Oct. 11, and Oct. 18 as main plot and three nitrogen fertilizer rates of 0, 50 and 100 kg/ha as sub plots. Plant height, spike length, peduncle length and extrusion peduncle length increased with nitrogen fertilizer rates but, delay in sowing date decreased these traits. Also, delaying in sowing date decreased 1000 grains weight and grain yield per hectare. Nitrogen application significantly increased seeds per spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield and harvest index. In general, wheat cultivation on Sept. 27th and using 100 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer is recommended in Hashtroud region.

To study the effect of various micronutrients concentrations as seed priming on spring durum wheat, an experiment was conducted in factorial experiment based on completely randomized design in three replications at Research Station of Tabriz University during growing seasons of 2012-2013. Treatments were priming by water and concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 mg/kg of ZnSo4, MnSO4, and H3BO3. Interaction of micronutrients and of concentrations of seed priming had significant effect on dry weight per plant, harvest index, dry weight of stem, length of spike (p

The current study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of rice promosing lines using multivariate analyses on agronomic and morphological traits. Sixteen rice lines were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2009 at the Tonekabon (Chaparsar) Rice Research Station in Iran. Agronomic and morphological characteristics including plant height, tiller number, panicle length, flag leaf area, filled, empty and total grains number, thousand kernel weight, panicle weight and yield were assessed. Genotypes were classified into three groups using Ward’s method. Results of stepwise regression analysis for yield indicated that three traits of panicle weight, flag leaf area and plant height showed higher variation and explained total yield variations. In general, genotypes number 11, 13 and 15, which had higher yield and morphological characteristics than others could be used as a base community and desirable lines for agronomic programs, and they is recommended in the same conditions as this experiment.

To evaluate the effect of nettle and fenugreekseed extracts on glucose, lipid parameters and total anti-oxidative capacity, 40 male NMRI streptozotocin induced diabetic mice arranged in five groups. The treatments were included of 10 daily injectional metformin, seeds extracts of nettle and fenugreek and their combination in 1:4, 2:4 and 3:4 proportions, along with positive and negative controls. After 48 hours of last injection, glucose, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TAC were measured via intraventrecular blood sampling. Ecperimental treatments, especially combinational seed extracts of nettle and fenugreek in 2:4 proportion depressed blood glucose rate. Combinational extracts of 1:4 significantly decreased cholesterol rate, however, metformin and nettle seed extract increased it. Nettle seed extract and combinational extracts decreased and increased LDL, respectively. Metformin, nettle seed and combinational 2:4 extracts increased TAC. Therefore, studied extracts could be a candidate for diabetes cure and its side-effects reduction.