پژوهش نامه تاریخ
پیاپی 43 (تابستان 1395)

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In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off taxes, extreme poverty, and the lack of immunity for the Iranian society. At times, this took place while the authorities being indifferent and while at others, it was done with their aid and assistance.
There were many causes that led to this situation or exacerbated it. In my opinion, the growing role of the government was arguably the most important of all, because governmental authorities and officials more and more took part in this type of trade.
My focus in this paper will be examining three historical documents regarding the trading of women in the northern region of Khurasan. The following documents are considered official documents preserved by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of our country regarding the Qajar period, and this is the first time that they are being observed and examined publicly. The lack of social justice and rights of citizens of Iran during this period will become clear as we examine these documents.
The manifestation of this issue in northern Khurasan is only a small sample of the unjust situation that existed regarding this issue during those times throughout the whole country; an issue that is referred to as human trafficking or the trade of humans in this day and age.

Harsin city of the Province of Kermanshah. Based on archaeological evidence, especially Ganjdareh hill proves that this ancient line of The first human settlements on the plateau are gone And over the centuries, especially in ancient times Due to the specific climatic conditions and the quality of agricultural soils, Plentiful water and vast plains considered by various nations Including people of different dynasties and rulers have been Lak, Achaemenids and Sassanian were aware of the importance of this area. The purpose of this study is that using Historical method based on the description and analysis of city history Harsin in ancient times to be introducing sanitized. The main findings of the study showed that apart from the status Harsin Climate appropriate, in terms of religion as an important center of worship of the religion Mithraism On the Zoroastrian religion that Geomat Magus action to close the temples followers It has to prove such an issue. There is also an inscription on the outskirts of the city political action Darius (first) in the beginning Monarchy explains, the high significance reveals Harsin.

Modernization and development are of the most important issues for historical, economic and sociological study in the special area. Modernization and development process in the Khuzestan have vital effect in the inhabitant’s life and even whole country for example political life, social, economic and cultural aspects. The reasons for this development started In 1306 AH / 1888 AC, during the Naser Aldine Shah Qajar time and the Karun free shipping, and then continued with exploration and extraction of oil in 1907 in the MasjedSoleiman. This study aim is investigation about reasons for Khuzestan development based on free shipping in the Karun River and oil exploration/production. In this study was used from describe and analyzes method on original historical information.

Every government's geography, along with politic, economic, religious and other factors is one of the most effective factors for determining the authority and influence of rulers. Geographical position in every country or area has an influential contribution in internal and external revolutions in their governments. In this regard, one can say that Ardalan Emirate changed from a passive position to a dynamic situation in Safavid era which place it at the heart of events occurred in this era, because it was at the intersection between the two great empires, Safavid and Ottoman Empire. Vigilance and formation of Ardalan borders and its involvement to events of this era, was to some extent, the effect of its geographic position and geopolitical weight which was influenced by contracting and expanding factors. With this specific position, political, military, religious, and linguistic factors contributed to the promotion of the position of this emirate in Safavid Era. These factors put the emirate on a very rough way to its development.

Ancient Susa lay at the northwestern edge of the Khuzestan plain in the southwest of Iran. The Concentration on crops and harvesting consequently led to technological advancement and wealth accumulation. Gradually, as the result of unsuitable conditions and improper performance, starvation, violence and wars emerged in this area. Susiana plain was suitable for agricultural activities. Farm lands belonged either to the royal family and ruling class, temples or free farmers. Elam rulers had complicated and overwhelming responsibilities to maintain and improve agricultural products, or other matters such as observing irrigation systems, creating water canals and passing laws in this regard. Discovered documents from this period are relatively indicating the complicated social and economic relationships among different classes of the society which can shed light on the socio-economic structures in Elam society. Our current knowledge concerning the ancient economy of Elam as one of the main corner stone's of the Elam culture formation comes from the written documents and limited archaeological evidences from Susiana excavations and Mesopotamian documents which are not sufficient enough to recreate the economical pattern of this era. In the present paper, we first analyze the role of agriculture in the economy of the Susiana plain as well as selling, purchasing and renting contracts of agricultural lands. Finally, the common system of collateral concerning agricultural lands will be discussed.

During World War 1, the Allied signed some secret treaties regarding to weakening and partition of the Ottoman Empire. To make a good comprehension of how the Ottoman Empire partition happened, and which reasons and settings led to it, wed better know the essence of these treaties and their effects on the Ottoman Empire annihilation. The question that what additional short term aims the Allied pursued via these treaties, except their main purpose, i.e., the partition of the Ottoman Empire is another thing arises regarding this subject. Totally, it seems signing the secret treaties of association between some European countries, also between these countries and the leading secessionists of Arabic areas of the Ottoman Empire and separating that territory into some imaginary parts before they were supposed to do so have affected very much the annihilation of Ottoman Caliphate process. Therefore, by analyzing sources date back to last years of Ottoman Empire era, also worthwhile and available sources about World War 1 events and its subsequences, we can develop correct perception of these secret treaties and their role in dissolution of the Ottoman Caliphate.

Baluch people were displeased Sunni people who were living at the eastern borders of Safavid. Supported by Ghalzaee Afghans, they paved the way for collapse of Isfahan in 1135 AH. The collapse of Afghans with the name of Afghans took place by warlike power of Baluch people. The reason that encouraged Baluch people to join Afghans to attack Isfahan, in addition to their common religion, was the oppression of Shia government of Safavid on these disgraced people. Therefore, Baluch people decided to attack Isfahan to take revenge of several years rancor, and they gave positive response to request of Afghans and they caused the collapse of Isfahan. The present study aims to investigate the factors led to Baluch people move toward Isfahan and cause the collapse of Isfahan. It also aims to respond the question that which factors and incentives caused that Afghans and Baluch people cooperate and why this cooperation and alliance collapsed. This study aims to solve the complexities and provide right and appropriate response to these questions relying on resources and studies, and studying factors caused attack of Baluch people to Isfahan and its impact on collapse of this city.