Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases
Volume:10 Issue: 3, Jul 2015

Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy. Although asymptomatic bacteriuria is the most prevalent form of infection, acute pyelonephritis is the most serious complication, which occurs in 1% - 2% of all pregnancies as the leading cause of septic shock in pregnancy and related to increased risk of cerebral palsy.. This study was performed regarding various results of previous studies and lack of a similar study to evaluate the prevalence of acute pyelonephritis and its outcomes in pregnant women admitted to Taleghani hospital, Tabriz, Iran..Patients and All pregnant women admitted with acute pyelonephritis from March 2010 to October 2011 to Taleghani hospital, were enrolled in this study. Antibiotic therapy, urine cultures one or two weeks after treatment and late consequences such as pregnancy outcome, newborn birth weight and Apgar score were evaluated.. The mean age was 23 ± 4.88 years. Of 60 patients, 40 (66%) were nulliparous and 19 (31.7%) multiparous. The mean gestational age was 25.73 ± 7.42 weeks. Most of patients (65%) had been diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. Regarding urine culture studies, 42 (70%) had positive and 18 (30%) negative results. The predominant pathogen was E. coli isolated from 33 (78.6%) cultures, Klebsiella from 8 (19%) and negative coagulase staphylococcus from one (2.4%). None of the infants had low birth weight and 4 of them had preterm delivery (less than 37 weeks). The frequency of acute pyelonephritis was 0.46% in total deliveries.. Similar to previous studies, most cases diagnosed in the second trimester of gestation, which necessitates more investigation in this field, since timely diagnosis and treatment have a significant role in preventing known complications of the disease..

Vincent’s angina refers to acute necrotizing ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosal membranes and tonsils.. In this case, we report a 17-year old girl with emotional stress referred with symptoms of Vincent’s angina. Gram staining showed numerous fusospirochetal bacteria. With antibiotic therapy, amoxicillin and cephalexin, no clinical improvement was observed but improvement was achieved by using mouthwash and salt water.. It seems that there is a close relationship between stress and the Vincent angina disease. Moreover, simple diagnostic and therapeutic procedures such as Gram staining and using mouthwash and salt water are beneficial in case of Vincent angina..

Wound myiasis is the infestation of human wounds by dipterous larvae due to Calliphora, Cochliomyia, Phormia and Lucilia species. Ophthalmomyiasis is rare and is classified into external, internal, or orbital categories. External ophthalmomyiasis (the most common type) refers to an infestation of the conjunctiva and palpebra, mainly caused by the sheep bot fly (Oestrus ovis).. We describe a young male with wound and ocular myiasis due to Lucilia sericata, who had a history of trauma to his scalp following a car accident during the previous few days and was left about three days in an inaccessible area. He complained of painful parietal ulcer and sudden onset of left eye redness with pain. Physical examination revealed wound and conjunctival myiasis. The larvae were manually extracted by forceps and seven days later, the lesions showed improvement.. Early diagnosis is required for the management of human myiasis. If we don’t properly recognize and treat ophthalmomyiasis, it can progress rapidly and can result in destruction of orbital tissues. The main treatment modality includes removal of the larvae and if necessary, surgical debridement..

Gastrointestinal parasitoses have high rates of morbidity and mortality. Each year about 3.5 billion people are affected by these diseases and 65,000 of them die, mostly in developing countries due to lack of basic sanitation, malnutrition, and poor access to medication. Thus, they constitute an important public health problem due to causing direct health problems related to lack of piped water, absence of sewage system, and lack of orientation.. Two in vitro assays were performed to evaluate the larvicidal and/or ovicidal activity of ethanol extracts obtained from the plants Euterpe edulis, Mikania laevigata, and Mikania glomerata on the gastrointestinal nematodes Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum.. In the first assay (A), T. canis eggs were exposed to three different concentrations (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) of each extract, three different concentrations of albendazole (positive control), ethanol (solvent), and a negative control (no treatment), for 15 days at 26°C, under the shelter of light in order to evaluate the percentage of embryonated eggs in the presence of these extracts. In the second assay (B), the larvicidal activities of the species studied were evaluated in the different extract concentrations (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL), control, and solvent (ethanol), in coprocultures positive for A. caninum eggs.. In assay A, the results demonstrated inhibitory embryogenesis activity on T. canis eggs; however, no difference (P > 0.01) was found between the activities of the extracts. In the control group, there was a difference (P < 0.01) in relation to the tested extracts, in which this difference was not concentration-dependent. In assay B, all extracts showed inhibitory (P > 0.01) hatchability activity of A. caninum eggs in the control group.. Through these results, the applicability of the used extracts in the control of eggs and/or larvae of T. canis and A. caninum is suggested. However, it is worth mentioning that further studies should be performed with the species E. edulis, M. glomerata and M. laevigata, using different extracts, new concentrations, and in vivo studies, in order to ensure further clarification on the agents responsible for the observed effects, degree of efficacy, and toxicity..

The prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) has been reported as 1.8% to 37.9% in different provinces of Iran. However, enough knowledge about epidemiological aspects of CL disease is needed to launch a proper program to plan control and preventive strategies about the disease.. The present study aimed to determine the epidemiological aspect of CL in Iran during the first 6 months of 2014..Patients and In this cross-sectional study, all cases of CL reported to centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) by state health departments from March 2014 to September 2014 were included. Descriptive statistics including frequency tables, measures of central value, and measures of dispersion to describe the study variables were used to analyze data. Area maps were created using ArcView GIS v. 3.3.. Most of the CL cases were observed in eastern, central, and southern provinces. Two thousand thirty-one cases (55.13%) were male and 2,306 (62.6%) were living in urban areas. The mean age of the patients was 27 ± 18 years old. More than 31% of them were under 14 years of age. Also, 3570 individuals (96.91%) were new cases. more wounds were seen so that 62.75% of the wounds were on the hands, 24.8% in the head and neck, and 2.7% in the body.. According to the epidemiological features of CL in Iran, Providing a uniform mechanism for control and prevention of this disease is not possible. Thus, initial actions such as staff training, screening in endemic areas, and treatment of patients with urban leishmaniasis as a reservoir for the disease can be useful, according to the geographical position and carrier..

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most lethal infectious diseases, responsible for high levels of mortality and morbidity. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most severe presentations of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Due to its nonspecific signs and symptoms, diagnosis delay and neurological sequelae are common. Thus, it is important to report rare TBM manifestations.. A 66-year-old diabetic man was admitted to our hospital. He complained of prolonged left otalgia and headache. Antibiotic therapy was started for mastoiditis and otitis media. Since his pain did not subside, glucocorticoid therapy was later prescribed to treat suspected temporal arteritis. However, the patient did not respond to treatment. Additional investigations such as imaging and laboratory data were performed, and the patient was finally diagnosed with TBM. The patient subsequently underwent anti-TB treatment.. Clinicians should be aware that TBM might have unusual presentations. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to decrease mortality and morbidity such as irreversible neurological deficits..

Post-vaccination encephalomyelitis is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. It is triggered by certain vaccines. The diagnosis of post-vaccination encephalomyelitis depends on the close temporal relationship between vaccination and clinical presentation.. We describe a 30-year-old man with post-vaccination encephalomyelitis following Mencevax ACWY meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Encephalomyelitis is a very rare side effect of this vaccine.. Post-vaccination encephalomyelitis is a very rare side effect of Mencevax ACWY..

Recently, several plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes conferring low levels of quinolone resistance have been discovered.. The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in a collection of ESBL-producing isolates of E. coli and K. pneumonia in Aleppo, Syria.. Here, to evaluate the prevalence of PMQR genes at Aleppo University hospitals in Syria, 123 extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from the hospitals were selected for screening based on ciprofloxacin resistance. Five PMQR genes [qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac (6’)-Ib, and qepA] were screened by simplex PCR, and the aac (6’)-Ib-positive PCR products were digested with BtsCI to detect the aac (6’)-Ib-cr variant.. Of the 123 isolates, 103 (83.73%) had one of the five PMQR genes, including 83 (83.83%) of the 99 E. coli strains and 20 (86.95%) of the 23 K. pneumoniae strains.. The most common qnr gene was qnrB, and none of the isolates carried qnrA or qepA. The aac (6’)-Ib-cr variant was the most prevalent PMQR gene, and it was associated with the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance in our ESBL-producing isolates..

Leptospirosis has a high mortality rate in north of Iran.. The current study aimed to assess the clinical and laboratory findings and their possible relationship with complications of leptospirosis..Patients and The current retrospective cross-sectional study, by reviewing hospital records, evaluated patients with leptospirosis hospitalized in Razi Hospital (the therapeutic center of infectious diseases in Qaemshahr city, in the North of Iran) from 2008 to 2012. The diagnosis was confirmed by increasing the antibody titer in immunofluorescence assay (IFA) or microscopic agglutination test (MAT).. Out of 634 patients, 61 subjects (9.62%) had significant complications including: acute renal failure, alveolar hemorrhage, ARDS, clotting disorders, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial bleeding; Age, jaundice, renal and pulmonary involvement (oliguria and anuria), hypotension, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, elevated bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) increased the risk of leptospirosis complication.. Renal involvement is one of the leading causes of death in such patients..