Scientific Journal of Rescue Relief
Volume:9 Issue: 3, 2017

Natural factors have always imposed damages and risks on natural environments throughout history in different parts of the world. The occurrence of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, storms, and landslides has caused many casualties and financial losses. The region two of Tehran metropolis is a challenge for planners due to urban hazards and one of the areas with high potential for natural hazards in terms of the change user, increase in population, urbanization, passage of main and minor faults, and the presence of north rivers of Tehran. In this study, data studied and analyzed by modeling of environmental criteria and layers using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy classification also the results were analyzed using Expert Choice software. Finally, the environmental vulnerability of the area was zoned by using GIS spatial analysis. Findings: The findings represented that the vulnerability of region two was determined based on the combination of FUZZY-AHP models. The regions of two, six, and eight were the most vulnerable parts while regions three, seven and nine of Tehran were the least vulnerable to environmental hazards. The results showed that of Tehran region two with an area of 2558.28 hectare 49.33% is at low risk, 39.93% in moderate risk, and 10.74% is at high risk. In fact, in this region, factors such as unconventional urban construction regardless of drainage network increase runoff and levels of impenetrable or low permeability in precipitation. In addition, other factors such as passing faults such as north of Tehran, Niavaran, Davoodiyeh and etc., as well as high population density, the high slope of the area and the erosion raise the risk of landslides due to the unsteady texture in the largest area of the region. However, the middle parts of the region are more desirable based on the open urban spaces and the lack of specific use.

Strategic planning of human resource through human resource goals and development of human resources strategies through mobilizing, developing, and maintaining human resources play a significant role in achieving organizational goals. In this applied and descriptive research, all staff of North Khorasan province Red Crescent Society (122 persons) were studied. Data gathered based on library and field method by using different questionnaires such as Rezaie questionnaire (2010) to evaluate strategic human resource planning variable; Choupani questionnaire (2011) to assess promoting the spirit of organizational innovation; and Sheikhlouee questionnaire (2010) to measure the participatory culture of the organization. The validity and reliability was confirmed by experts and through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for three questionnaires that included 84%, 84%, and 86% respectively. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient was used using SPSS. Findings: The findings showed that the correlation results between components of strategic human resources planning and the components such as recruitment system structural reformation and reformation of human resources education system also promoting the spirit of organizational innovation components such as production innovation, process innovation, administrative innovation with participatory culture of the organization in North Khorasan Red Crescent Society were 84%, 83%, 86%, 83%,85%, 85%, and 86% respectively. The results showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between strategic human resource planning and promoting the spirit of organizational innovation with organizational participatory culture. Administrative innovation and recruitment system structural reformation had the most and least relation to the effectiveness of employee participatory culture

Historical textures have become one of the most vulnerable urban textures during the crisis due to the severe physical decay, structural instability, and lack of proper accessibility; therefore, site selection of the crisis management bases is essential for these textures. In this research, site selection of crisis management bases in the historical texture of Shiraz city is investigated. In this applied and descriptive-analytical research, the combination of GIS and FAHP model, the paired comparison of the criteria, the determination of the weight of the criteria, and the provision of the information layers maps has been used for site selection of the bases. In addition, Gogos and Boucher's method have been used in order to calculate the consistency rate in the judgments. Findings: Four criteria were identified as the effective factors in site selection of crisis management bases including physical desirability (grain, stability, land use), accessibility (closeness, straightness, gravity, betweenness and reach/access), adjacency to compatible land uses (green space, health centers, police stations, fire stations) and finally non-adjacency with incompatible land uses (hazardous installations, high-rise buildings). Physical desirability and adjacency with incompatible land uses criteria with the weight of 0/356; then, accessibility measures with the weight of 0/195 and adjacency to compatible land uses with the weight of 0/114 had respectively the most importance in the site selection of the crises management bases. The results showed that because of the lack of desirable accessibility, it is appropriate to consider the accessibility criteria for the site selection of the crisis management bases in the historical textures. After overlaying the maps of the information layers, two options such as the library of Holy Shrine of Shahecheragh and Pars Museum were introduced as the location of crisis management bases in the historical texture of Shiraz.

Historical textures have become one of the most vulnerable urban textures during the crisis due to the severe physical decay, structural instability, and lack of proper accessibility; therefore, site selection of the crisis management bases is essential for these textures. In this research, site selection of crisis management bases in the historical texture of Shiraz city is investigated. In this applied and descriptive-analytical research, the combination of GIS and FAHP model, the paired comparison of the criteria, the determination of the weight of the criteria, and the provision of the information layers maps has been used for site selection of the bases. In addition, Gogos and Boucher's method have been used in order to calculate the consistency rate in the judgments. Findings: Four criteria were identified as the effective factors in site selection of crisis management bases including physical desirability (grain, stability, land use), accessibility (closeness, straightness, gravity, betweenness and reach/access), adjacency to compatible land uses (green space, health centers, police stations, fire stations) and finally non-adjacency with incompatible land uses (hazardous installations, high-rise buildings). Physical desirability and adjacency with incompatible land uses criteria with the weight of 0/356; then, accessibility measures with the weight of 0/195 and adjacency to compatible land uses with the weight of 0/114 had respectively the most importance in the site selection of the crises management bases. The results showed that because of the lack of desirable accessibility, it is appropriate to consider the accessibility criteria for the site selection of the crisis management bases in the historical textures. After overlaying the maps of the information layers, two options such as the library of Holy Shrine of Shahecheragh and Pars Museum were introduced as the location of crisis management bases in the historical texture of Shiraz.

Today, stress is considered both as an individual and organizational problem. Regarding the critical role of Iranian Red Crescent Society in managing the country's crisis, its behavioral feedback in dealing with mental tensions and stress before unexpected events is considered essential. Given the working conditions of staff and the pressure on them, this necessity is felt more in Red Crescent Society. However, the main question of this research is to identify the relationship between occupational stress and employees' organizational behavior in Red Crescent Society (Central Headquarter). In this quantitative study, descriptive-correlation method was used depending on the objectives and nature of the research and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data. All employees of central headquarter (about 120 ones) were selected and studied by stratified sampling, and Krejcie & Morgan tables. Content validity and reliability were also confirmed. Findings: The findings showed that occupational stress has a significant relationship with decreasing the dimensions of organizational behavior such as altruism, sense of duty, literacy, and decency; but it does not reduce the sense of civic virtue among employees in Red Crescent Society. The results showed that occupational stress is related to the organizational behavior; however, it can enhance the effectiveness of the organization's goals through helping the social and psychological environment with important outcomes such as job satisfaction, organization protection, and organizational productivity.

Assessing the effects of climate change on changes in snow cover and melting behavior is very important in water management. These changes will have a direct impact on the hydrological regime and water resource management. The prediction of snow cover surface due to temperature changes in the future is applicable in a variety of fields including flood risk management, drought, etc. On the other hand, the advantages of using modern technologies and remote sensing in climatic studies and assessing the effects of climate change on snow cover have largely been neglected. The purpose of this research is to investigate changes in snow cover levels in future by integrating remote sensing science, new technologies, and climatic models for flood risk management. In this study, the 8-day images of the MODIS satellite were extracted from 2010-2015 due to proper accuracy and reduction of cloud cover error; after receiving and storing satellite images of snow cover, software ERDAS was used to view and change the format of these images. Then, the study area was clipped and finally, the snow cover surface was calculated and extracted based on the number and the size of snow pixels using ArcGIS software. Snow surface area was controlled with 8-day intervals during 2010-2015. In the next step, temperature and precipitation variations were extracted using the latest CMIP5 climatic models and four scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 from 2020-2060. The snow cover was estimated for the years 2020-2060 with a 10-year interval using the relationship between snow cover, temperature, and precipitation. Findings: The observational data and satellite imagery showed that the snow cover density began in November in the study area and reached its largest area in January. In addition, since February, the snow cover has declined, and the snow cover had the smallest area in June. Investigation of temperature and precipitation changes using climate scenarios showed that the average temperature of the basin of Amir Kabir Dam in comparison with the base period (2015/1985) would be increased and the annual rainfall of the base period would be decreased. As a result, the surface of snow cover would be come down with a decreasing trend by considering the relationship between snow cover, temperature, and precipitation. The results show that snow level is important to study and measure as one of the main sources of water supply. Due to the hard physical conditions of mountainous terrain, there is no permanent ground measurement for estimating retrofitting resources and the formation of databases. Therefore, the use of satellite imagery is very important in identifying the snowfield areas and assessing its changes. In addition, the snow level in the area is also reduced due to the increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall, and the amount of water stored in the snow, which are the source of water supply in the warm seasons, will be reduced. So estimating the snow cover level in future can be a major step forward in managing water resources and risk management of water-related risks, including floods and droughts.

The study of cities resilience against earthquakes is one of the requirements for planning to reduce damages, fatalities, and financial losses due to earthquakes. Resilience has many definitions and there is no a comprehensive model for calculating; Therefore, this paper aims to provide a quantitative indicator for resilience. First, effective indicators and dimensions in resilience of cities against earthquake were extracted by using library studies and obtaining experts opinions. Then, the weight of each dimension and indicator was determined based on expert judgment and paired comparison method and finally, the resilience index was introduced. Findings: In this paper, while introducing a summary of disaster definitions and resilience, the dimensions and indices obtained from previous studies and expert opinions were introduced. These dimensions and indicators represent the factors influencing urban resilience against earthquakes. Accordingly, the urban fabric dimension, which represents the city structure, plays a major role in the resilience of the city against earthquakes, after which the security dimension is the most important factor in resilience of the city. Regarding the indexes, in the physical dimension, the "building height / passage width ratio" index has the most impact on the resilience of the earthquake against the earthquake in experts’ opinions. The number of building floors has little impact and does not matter much about vulnerability in case of using proper structure, sufficient space, and easy access to the passages. The results show that the introduced index for different cities, as well as various strategies for retrofitting and increasing resilience can be calculated and make it possible to choose an optimal strategy for increasing resilience. It is also possible for planners and decision makers to observe the effects of different sections on the resilience of the city or region under study.

Total quality management is an approach that the organizations management addresses the improvement of processes continually with the participation of all employees and satisfaction of the applicants. However, researchers suggest feasibility, assessment, and analysis of the potential for its deployment based on researches before implementing. This applied study aims to investigate the preparedness of the Red Crescent Society in Isfahan province in order to establish a total quality management by using information from managers and staff. Data collected and analyzed by using the designed questionnaire and SPSS-25 software. Findings: Six system variables were used such as group participation and team orientation, training, responsibility and service, managerial support and physical, structural, and legal factors. After analyzing the data, it is shown that the preparedness of Red Crescent Society in Isfahan province was lower than the average level in each variable. The results showed that Red Crescent Society in Isfahan province is still not ready for deploying the total quality management. Therefore, in order to implement the total quality management, priority should be given to the structural, physical, legal, and technical factors as well as the quality of services provided.