نشریه مطالعات اقتصاد اسلامی
سال هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، پاییز و زمستان 1393)

Any economic school or system has goals which are the basis of its policies، legislatives and moral advises. Goals are important either in directing and disciplining acts of any subsystem or in distinguishing different economical systems. This research tries to describe Islamic economic school''s goals by logical and descriptive method and also evaluate their achievements in Iran''s economy after the Islamic revolution. Based on Our hypothesis، after the Islamic revolution، Iran''s economic situation is fulfilling the achievements of its Islamic goals. The paper confirms our hypothesis and based on specific indicators، demonstrate that Iran''s economy in spite of some important lurches in some years، improves its position and moves toward the Islamic economic school''s goals.

Waqf is an important economic institution of Islam which can help us in achieving the economic development. Unfortunately the feetails income in Iran is very low، in despite of their abundance. This causes decreasing of the potential power of this institution regarding social welfare improvement and efficiency. Real estate pricing and rent estimation is a significant issue in this sector. This paper describes how we can apply the Bayesian multivariate regression for estimating the feetails rental rate as accurate as possible. A natural conjugate prior function has been used. The sample size exceeds 70 thousands and is related to 22 regions of Tehran city. Running the initial model، we estimate the elasticity of variables and the insignificant coefficients were eliminated. The final results show that the location variable has the most important effect on price.

The nature of value and its advent and the process of distribution of income shares and relation of these two with each other has been arena of challenges of different economic schools. The attempt in analyzing these views provides a suitable field for presenting economic views. This arena reveals interaction between values and attitudes and provides the possibility of demonstrating the views of Islamic economics and its strategies. This paper is based on literature studies and using deductive reasoning. In the first part، the theory of value from the viewpoint of Adam smith، David Ricardo، Karl Marx and Stanly Jevons is investigated. Then the view of Ayatollah Sadr will be mentioned. In the second part، the theory of distribution is investigated from the viewpoint of them and then we explain the existence of inconsistency in Ayatollah Sadr version as a result of this part. In the third part، the principle of commercial liability is explained. Based on the consistency of which we have discussed، if the owners are not liable to capital، income securities issued will be banned.

From the past times International trade was one of the most important activities in all economies. Also international trade theories - which try to draw desired international trade pattern and analyze its implementation methods- had an important role in conventional economics. This research tries to give an accurate perspective of a desired international trade pattern in Islamic Economics and use institutional economics and its methods to find the path that transit Iran`s economy to desired situation. Our main questions are: what are the main characteristics of a desired international trade pattern according to the Islamic teachings? and what are the institutional reforms required for transiting the Iranian international trade to the desired pattern? Research methodology is based on referring to deontological principles of Islamic economics (e. g. social Justice، prohibition of Extravagance، necessity of wealth circulation، poor''s right in rich’s wealth، the rule of no harm (Qaede La zarar)، and the rule of negation of the way (Qaede Nafye sabil)) and then deriving a desired pattern for Islamic international trade from these deontological principles. After deriving this pattern and its policy implications we try to give the main institutional reforms for implementing these policies. Our findings shows that a variety of institutional reforms should be done to implement desired Islamic international trade policies. The reforms are mostly concentrated on formal institutions and to some extent would address informal ones.

Given the increasing development of new financial instruments in the world and the interest shown in option contracts in our country during the last decade، in this research، a feasible model was developed for option contract pricing within the Islamic financial environment. First، as an introduction to the pricing issue of this contract in Black- Scholes model، the mathematical extraction method of this model and the rationale for introduction of interest rate into it is discussed. Next، it was explained that the assumption of full risk coverage in this model justifies inclusion of interest rate into it. In our case، the test result did not confirm this assumption. By study of the pricing models constructed and introduced prior to Black-Scholes model، the Bones model was found suitable for our study.

This article aims to explain the importance and necessity of studies about the third sector of economy (endowment and charities) and the extent of this sector in the new world، and also survey about the guidelines of preserving the third sector. For this purpose، firstly we identify the challenges of third sector، and analyze and evaluate the asymmetric information challenge with the incentive theory approach، as the most important challenge in the economic theory of the third sector. We extract the range and variety of incentive challenge derived from asymmetric information problem in the third sector، using library method and interviews with experts، and then we try to offer a theoretical model to overcome this challenge in the case of the endowments and charities، using sediment of knowledge in the contract theory and also Shia jurisprudence. For doing this، we interpret three general categories and 10 major kinds of asymmetric information in the third sector and then offer the solution according to joint features of every category. Finally we conclude that screening، signaling، monitoring، guarantee and setting a contract introduction as the most important guidelines for solving the asymmetric information problem in the third sector.