نشریه مطالعات اقتصاد اسلامی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، بهار و تابستان 1398)

In the literature on consumer behavior, environmental factors such as family and culture of consumer and internal factors such as beliefs and convictions influence on lifestyle and consumer behavior. The system that is based on Islamic principles, analyzing the consumer behavior of family and rationality governing it, beyond consumer behavior based on instrumental rationality in the West. Therefore, the formation of the family based on foundations of Islamic ethics is one of the platforms and centers for institutional in society towards human excellence, that through institutionalization of positive moral attributes such as altruism, patience and dedication to drawing economic man in all three dimensions, material, spiritual and otherworldly. Accordingly, the institutionalization of altruism, patience and dedication through reducing positive time preference rate can lead to increased social welfare. In the framework of general equilibrium model, results show that expanding the family institution based on ethical grounds, through adjustment of positive time preference rate increase capital per capita, GDP per capita, consumption per capita and ultimately increase household welfare in the steady state.

Independence or reduce dependence of oil revenues in the long-term is necessary of the country. But economic and non-economic effects of oil revenues in the short and medium term in the country. On the one hand, and the need to finance inside energy consumption the other, Financing and credit financing for oil and gas projects in the upstream areas, Myandsty and downstream, problems, One of the main concerns of policy-making and administrative institutions for sustainable development and achieving the 20-year goals of the country in horizon of the year 1404 and resistant economic policies. Using descriptive-analytical method. This research uses library resources for proving the hypothesis that “according to financial and economical criteria, Jualah papers can be effectively used as a instrument for financing the oil industry”. Findings show that Jualah papers can be a proper instrument for financing this industry, since it accords to microeconomic criteria, such as conformity with customers’ and investors’ goals and motivations and the degree of liquidity and efficiency. However, about macroeconomic criteria, such as influencing economic growth and development, distributional justice and the ability of monetary and financial policies, the success of Jualah papers will depend on proper policy-making.

Science is a objective knowledge. Always, objectivity means value-neutrality. But, is economics as a historical and social science, value-free? In philosophy of science we assume a distinction between context of discovery an context of justification, and we seek objectivity in the latter context. But there are critiques of this distinction, for example in holistic approaches of Kuhn and quine. In Kuhn's view there is not a standpoint to see objective facts independent of paradigm. In quine's view logic and experience are not sufficient for theory selection, so theories became underdeterminate. So we have need values (epistemic and non-epistemic) as a criteria for theory selection. This is a problem specially in social sciences such as economics. In this paper we show if we accept (Kuhn and quine) holism in economic methodology, this approach can expanded sphere of objectivity in economics. Economist via non-epistemic value in theory choice can overcome problems of underdetermination and objectivity in economics.

According to the economic principles of the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the cooperative economy along with the private and public sectors is set as one of the three sectors of the Iranian economy. Cooperative has always emphasized on the fair distribution of income and social justice in Islamic teachings, but in the present study, the effects of formation of cooperatives on other macroeconomic variables such as inflation control will be investigated. Therefore, using econometric models and with ARDL approach, the effect of value added of Kermanshah's productive and non-productive cooperatives on inflation is calculated and estimated at the time of 1981-2014. The experimental results of the model indicate a positive relationship between the increased value of production cooperatives and the inflation rate due to the existence of business cycles and the boom period, and as a result of an increase in inflation due to increased production. There is also a negative relationship between the increased value of non-productive cooperatives and the inflation rate, due to increased supply of goods and services, which have led to a reduction in inflation. The relationship of other variables such as production gap, liquidity growth and exchange rate with inflation rate are positive and relationship between import volume and inflation rate is negative.

In the economy, in addition to the national production debate and the concerns about the rate of production and its growth rate, the issue of national income and its distribution among individuals and households and the existing inequalities are discussed. Zakat is considered as one of the important factors in reducing inequality and poverty, which is also obligatory in the Holy Qur'an as a process in which the flow of income from the wealthy population of the society to the poor population of society is considered. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of zakat on income inequality in Iranian provinces. To this end, countrywide data from 30 provinces from 2004-2014 (10 years)  have been used and inflation, unemployment and labor productivity have been used as a control variable. The results of this research show that inflation and unemployment have led to an increase in labor productivity and a reduction in income inequality in the period under study. Zakat distribution also reduces inequality, but its effect is low and short term.

State as a public institution, intervenes in the labor contract in favor of one party, i.e. the laborer, and requires the employer to comply with certain conditions in the labor exchange in favor of the laborer. However, in Shiite jurisprudence, labor exchange is concluded individually, and based on the will of both parties. So intervention and involvement of the third party in the private contract of the laborer and the employer is not permitted. The apparent contradiction of labor exchange in the labor law and the Shiite jurisprudence on the above -said issue is the problem of the present paper. This article aims to explain how the state intervenes in the labor contract, and to provide the jurisprudential evidence in the Islamic government and economic system of Islam. The importance of this research is to explain the framework of labor exchange, and rejection of exploitation of workers on the basis of Shiite jurisprudence, in the Islamic economic system, and the economic system prevailing in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Research domain covers investigation of intervention of the state in labor contract and the views of experts in labor law, research into the approach of capitalist economic system towards exchange and consideration for labor, and study of foundations of intervention of the state according to Shiite jurisprudents. Finally, after studying the conditions of intervention of the state in labor law, and the exploitation arising from the way of exchange and consideration for labor in the capitalist economic system, it is considered necessary for the government to intervene in the labor law, presenting the rule of “prohibition of abusing the right of ownership against others” and “governmental authorities of the Islamic ruler” as foundations of this intervention.

Designing the pattern of convergency or financing system (khums and Zakat) and conventional tax was one of the most important issues after Islamic revolution of Iran. The social, political, cultural, philosophical, juridical and economic dimensions of the issues make it so complex. Researchers have introduced several mechanisms for the integration of this two systems, and each of them have different advantages and disadvantages. This article demonstrates designing the pattern of integration requires a minimum of 6 component. 4 components are related to the field of Islamic financing and collecting taxes and 2 is also related to the field of consumption component that includes tax and Zakat and khums usage type and the structure of its uses. This copmponent with each other prepare several patterns in the field of designing the pattern. This article introduc a pattern of convergency or integration of Islamic financing system (khums and Zakat) and conventional taxes as an example.

Late payment fee associated with bank facilities and loan repayment is among the banking system's predicaments. According to the existing Riba- free banking operation law, banks are permitted to ask for cash bail bond from the receiver of facilities so that in case of any delay in instalment repayment they could have access to it. This is a matter of controversy among Islamic jurisprudents, since they consider it to be additional to the loan, hence forbidden as Riba. In the new Riba-free banking draft offered to the Iranian parliament it is recommended that the receiver of facilities be committed under another contract named contract of settlement to pay an additional fixed amount to the bank in case of installment repayment delay. This in its own turn requires some more expert evaluation for approval. The article aims to make a comparison between the two above-mentioned methods and to offer a new practical one which can both remove the Islamic jurisprudential problem and facilitate the banks' executive duties. It can also be considered in the new Riba-free banking draft.