نشریه پژوهش های بالینی دام های بزرگ
پیاپی 15 (تابستان 1390)

Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU) is the most common serious ocular disease in horses worldwide. The etiology of ERU is still unknown. A similar pathologic mechanism as human was assumed in ERU. A variety of environmental conditions was assumed as predisposing factors for affection with ERU in susceptible horses. Among these factors, the role of infectious agents particularly infection with leptospirainterrogans in the pathogenesis of ERU is overstated. To evaluate both the prevalence and associated factors of ERU among equine population of Tehran suburbs riding clubs, thorough ocular examination was carried out in 951 horses. ERU was diagnosed in 1.05% of examined horses based on clinical, ophthalmoscopic, Ultrasonographic and historical findings. Sera of these patients and control groups were collected and evaluated for serological survey against leptospira, brucella, toxoplasma, equine infectious anemia, equine influenza, parainfluenza type3 and equine herpes virus type1. Fecal samples were collected for diagnosis large strongylus infestation. Odds-ratio analysis revealed that seropositive horses with Pomona serovar of leptospirainterrogans were 2.67 times more likely to affect with ERU than were seronegative ones.

Bluetongue is a transferable non-contagious disease that mostly affects sheep. Stomatitis, Rhinitis, Enteritis, Lameness and Abortion are the characteristics of this diesease. In this research 300 blood serums were chosen in order to examin serologically bluetongue disease in the sheep of Sanandaj city.The villages were chosen through random systematic method from sanandaj among four theoretical zones of northeast, north west, southeast and southwest in 1386. The samples were chosen through simple random method and examined by A competitive enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) method. The results showed that 19.3% of the sheep had positive titre. The percent of positive titre rate of bluetongue virus in the seasons of winter, autumn, spring and summer were 29.3, 20, 16, and 12%, respectively. The amount of positive titre was mostly related to 3 to 5 ages range and the number of positive titer observed in north areas of sanandaj was many more than south areas. Season and the area of sampling are meaning in appearing the positive titre disease in sanandaj. Gender and mutual effect and season, age and the area are meaning ful too. These results showed that most probably the virus is strolling in north areas. Besides, it is necessary to do something to reduce infection to the bluetongue virus in north areas of sanandaj, and cELISA shoud routinely used for the detection of antibodies against BTV in these local breeds of sheep.

In this study, during four seasons of year, the bleed accomplished by using venoject tubes from samples randomly, on 200 non pregnant, apparently healthy, cross breed dairy cows at Moghan province. The end of each season, the serum Zinc levels were measured by Randox biochemical kit and using the spectrophotometery method. According to the one-way variance analysis (ANOVA), there is a meaningful statistical difference at the level of Zn (P<0.01), in winter with other seasons. This clear reduction may be the result of excessive using hay in diet, and also the excessive cold weather in winter.Also, in order to evaluate the correlation between serum zinc rate and the age of cows, the samples were divided to four age groups: 2, 3, 4, and 5 and more years old. According to the one-way variance analysis, there is a meaningful statistical difference for the five and more years old group, with the others. So by increasing of age, the serum zinc rate would decrease.

Nanoparticle of Silver, with creating free radicals, can destroy many bacteria, viruses and fungi; therefore they have been recommended as a disinfectant in livestock’s production system. In this study 240 Ross 308 strain chicks in a completely randomized design (CRD) in four treatments at 0(control), 4, 8 and 12 ppm levels of silver nanoparticles in drinking water with four replicates within 16 separate floor pens and 15 birds in each pen were reared. At the end of growing period from each pen two broilers with the average weight were selected and after taking blood sample, sacrificed and their kidney were examined with light microscope by H&E staining. Histopathology showed dose depended changes such as congestion, presence of inflammatory cells including heterophile and lymphocytes, necrosis in tubular cells, proliferative glomerulonephritis and fibrosis. Lesions in the treatments 3(8ppm) and 4(12ppm) were more sever than the group 2(4ppm). Also, increased serum uricacid in treatment 4 (12ppm) compared to control group was significant (p <0.05). It can be concluded that using of nanosilver higher than 8ppm in drinking water can induce sever lesions in kidney of chickens.

Ixodidae family is one of the greater Tick family of domestic animals which since 13 genus and 650 species in 5 sub family of them reported. In Iran since 14 species of Hyalomma, 5 species of Rhipicephalus, 8 species of Ixodes, 11 species of Haemaphysalis, 1 species of Boophilus, 3 species of Dermacentor, 2 species of Ornithodorous and 2 species of Argas identified which this ticks are transporter for 24 species of pathogen virus, bacteria and protozoa and by a long way 10% of ticks feed on domestic animals specially cattle, sheep and goat and it has saliently hygienic importance in transmission of human and animal pathogenic factors. The aim of this research was to evaluation of sheeps ontamination to different species of hard ticks from quantitative aspect and also determination of species diversity found ticks in karaj location. In this survey 549 tick were collected from all Karaj suburb sheeps during year 2009 and then were identified. In this survey H. anatoliceum anatoliceum (34/13%) with maximum infection rate and R.sanguineus (16/84%) with minimum contamination rate were determined and after H.anatoliceum anatoliceum, Rh.bursa(26/74%) and H. anatoliceum excavatum (22/25%respectively with maximum contamination were determined. In this study from seasonal prevalence aspect in spring 125 number, summer 387 number and in autumn and winter respectively 17,126 number tick were collected from the surveyed area sheeps and maximum contamination rate in summer and minimum contamination rate in winter were absorved. Also maximum rate of found ticks were absorved in ear area and minimum rate in were absorved subscapular area.

Abomasum bloat in calves is a dangerous disease that can cause sudden death. In this study, the nasal tube used through the nose for the treatment of abomasum flatulence and was placed in the area for several days. The main objective was to remove the gas from the abomasum in the shortest time. Because there is no domestically special gastric tube, the equine uterine catheter modified and used for to drain the gas. Five 1-3 months old calves with abomasaum bloating used for study. Dilated balloon designed at the tip of the nose tube and floating in the dorsal part of the gas in the abomasum contents. Calves suffering from dilatation treated with nasal tube. In a general conclusion with regard to changes in basic benefits such as the symmetry of designing the balloon catheter, adding some holes in the duct near the tip, feasibility and rumination by mouth, the possibility of replacing cuff or tube assembly and the size and cost reduction in comparison with foreign examples are discussed.

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic and environmental (Co) variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits including birth weight (BW), weaning weights (WW), 6.month weight (W6), 9.month weight (W9), 12.month weight (W12) and fleece weight (FW) in Markhoz goats. Data were collected over a period of 17 years (1991–2008) in Markhoz goats maintained at the central goat institute, Sanandaj, Iran. GLM procedure was carried out for selection the fixed and covariate effects affecting traits. Analysis were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood using AS-REML program. Six different animal models with various combinations of direct and maternal effects were fitted and best model was chosen by comparison of the log-likelihood values.The best model for BW, WW and W6 was the model with direct and maternal additive genetic and permanent environmental effects (Model 7) and for W9, W12 and FW was model 1 with only direct genetic effect. Heritability estimates for BW, WW, W6, W9, W12, FW, were 0.22±0.07, 0.18±0.06, 0.20±0.07, 0.35±0.08, 0.29±0.07, 0.07±0.03, respectively. The highest genetic correlation was estimated between W6 with W9 and lowest was related to BW and W12. On the other hand highest negative correlation was between W6 and FW. The maternal effects had a significant role in growth traits and its effect was decreased with increasing the age. Also the weaning weight can be as good criteria in improving the growth traits.

This study was performed in order to study of the effectiveness applying Copper Sulfate, Potassium Permanganate and one of the new antiseptic material namely Desogerm 2A on mortality rate, rearing period and food conversation rate(FCR) of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Total number of 10000 Rainbow Trout with average weight of (21±2 gr) classified to 4 different groups (3 treatments and 1 control group) were exposure to Desogerm2A, Copper Sulfate and Potassium Permanganate. The experimental treatments were immersed with concentration of 20,2,2 (ppm), for one hour every 15 days short time bathing until final weight (255±5 gr) at water temperature around (13.5 ± 0.5 cº). All treatments were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan test. Therefore, the results suggested the lowest values of FCR and rearing period which were estimated to be 1.3:1 and 160 days, respectively. The value of average mortality rate percentage (0.723±0.036) was related to group1(Desogerm 2A), too. Additionally, the FCR results indicated the significance decrease for treatment group1 in comparison with other group (p<0.05). The results showed a decreased significant outcome of growth periods among treatments and control group. Also, the value of this parameter showed significant difference among treatment groups (p<0.05).

E.coli is one of the most prevalent pathogenic factor in poultry which causes colibacillosis. This disease is responsible for lots of economic losses that happen for poultry industry all around the world. Fluoroquinolones especially enrofloxacin is widely used as treatment for the disease in poultry farms. Having anomalous and vast usage of fluoroquinolones in poultry industry would increase antibiotic resistance risk inpathogenic E.coli. DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV are the main targets for fluoroquinolones. Mutation in encoding genes of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase can be considered as the main cause in resistance to fluoroquinolones in E. coli. The objective of the present study was to identify associated mutation interfering genes to enrofloxacin. Among 80 genera of E.coli there were recognized just 20 through diffusion disk method resistant against enrofloxacin. Then we considered the existence of mutants in genes:gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. Some mutations like D87→N, S83→L were recognized in gyrA also F514→S in gyrB, S80 →I in parC but no mutation that leading to exchange was seen in parE.

The aim of this manuscript is to report 41cases of herniorrhaphy in large animals with abdominal wall defects and to evaluate their clinical response to application of synthetic prostheses and compare to tension methods and their post abdominal operation complications. Since herniorrhaphy in large animals has a lot of difficulties because of their body weight and capacity and has significant post-operative complications, application of the synthetic prosthesis were noticed by researchers. These prosthesis have a large variety with a lot of advantages and disadvantages. In 9 cases used sepramesh, the visceral adhesion and inflammation were little and the tenacity of healing tissue increased compared to polypropylene. Since 21 cases included 7 foals, 1 stallion and 13 calves, repaired traditionally with common suture methods. Those horses with large hernia ring had a lot of complications such as local discharge, infection and recurrence. In this study the group of tension method comprise with the tension free group. The type of surgical mesh implantation can influence on tenacity of sutured area. These studies elaborate applications of different surgical meshes.