نشریه راهبردهای آموزش در علوم پزشکی
سال نهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 40، بهمن و اسفند 1395)

Plastination is a unique method for the preservation of anatomical specimens in training and researches of anatomical sciences. So far, numerous studies have been done for plastinating the specimens in a good-quality around the world and scientists have been ablate to achieve valuable results in this field. Unfortunately, the economical aspects of palstinated specimens led to publish the technique generally and not detailed. According to the benefits of using Plastination samples, various research activities have been conducted in Iran too. The aim of this study was to review and summarize these methods.
In this narrative review article, In order to achieve existing studies on the subject, key words and plastination were searched in authentic databases and through the obtained research which studied in Iran, were classified and evaluated.
In Iran volume plastination on fish samples, human body, human and animal bones and the sectional plastination were done on brain specimens. And several researches have been done to stain the vessels or whole body or in material or different parts of plasination process.
The Plastinated specimens have good quality, and new polymer was developed in order to reduce costs and to increase the quality of samples some little changes were made in the processes of Plastination.

the aim of this research was identify roles of motivational factors of personal goal orientations, academic self-efficacy and academic press on academic cheating behavior of pharmacy students
Research method was descriptive and correlational. Statistical population was all of pharmacy students in the medical university of Tabriz in academic year 2015-2016. Statistical sample was 340 student that selected with Stratified random sampling. Instruments were migdly and et al,s scales for personal goal orientations, academic self-efficacy,academic press and academic cheating behavior. the selected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and step by step multiple regression.
It was found that; mastery and performance goal orientations as well as academic press could predicted the academic cheating behavior meaningfully. Relation of academic cheating with mastery goal orientation was meaningfully negative, and with mastery goal orientation and academic press were meaningfully negative. Academic cheating was not correlated with academic self –efficacy.
If we are going to reduce academic cheating behaviors by motivational strategies among pharmacy students it must do things that their performance and performance avoidance orientations should be shifted to mastery goal orientations. And as much as the academic presses were low, equally the cheating behavior would be low.

In this study we compare the views of students and professors about Practical Lessons and Internship.
This is a cross sectional survey in which we have investigated 91 of academic staffs and 95 of term three and higher medical male students by accessible and simple sampling methods. The data were collected by the investigator’s questionnaire. Content reliability by collecting the views of professors, and validity by Cronbach's alpha 0.86 were obtained. Data were analyzed by mean and standard deviation and independent T test.
Professors consist of 45(49.5%) basic science and 46(50.5%) clinical science. Constrictor, assistant professor, associate professor and professor were 12(13.2%), 50(54.8%), 20(22%) and 9(9.9%) respectively. The professors have expressed higher score 68.3±8.2 at the index in evaluation score for each question while the student’s score is lower 66.5±25.5, but this difference is not significant.
We found that the students and professors in Baqietallah University of Medical Science agree with the current practical lessons and Internship forms so these forms can be used for evaluation. Also comparing the mean and standard deviation of Likert scale for professors and students about questionnaire form of Practical and Internships Lessons showed no significant difference.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of three-dimensional computer-based simulation learning and thinking space-retention concepts in geometry lessons in third grade students in Tehran. Given the role of objection of educational abstract concepts on learning, the need for research in this field is important.
The research method was quasi-experimental with experiment and control group. The study population was in third grade students in 2015-2016 school year. The sampling method was available sampling and 36 students were selected. To collect information and data, the pretest and posttest learning and retention was used. The data obtained were analyzed using Spss software and analysis of covariance.
The results showed that the use of three-dimensional simulation in learning and retention of third grade students (F = 23/105) are significantly more efficient than conventional methods.
Based on these findings, the use of software simulation geometry is proposed with reading the book. Accordingly, it is recommended that students with software simulated three-dimensional in the sense of touch to create deep and meaningful learning.

Regarding the role of sleep on improving the performance of motor skills, researchers are looking for effective strategies for more effectiveness of night sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical fitness (specific warm-up and neuromuscular facilitation) on consolidation (based on promotion) of students’ explicit motor memory.
Considering the objective, this study is a practical study. Thirty-two eligible male students were selected randomly as the statistical sample in 2016. Based on the pre-test scores, the participants were assigned into three groups of control, specific­ warm-up, and PNF. In the first day, after performing their own group-specific practices and 54 trials of dart throwing, the participants attended the acquisition test (9 trials). Afterwards, in the morning of the second day after the night sleep, test retest (9 trials) was taken. The limb coordination was assessed using NORMSE. The data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and dependent t-test at a level of α=0/05.
The results showed that limb coordination component was significant only in specific warm-up group, before and after night sleep. Furthermore, the results revealed that after night sleep, there is statistically significant difference between control and specific warm-up groups in limb coordination component.
The results of present research showed that the specific­ warm-up exercises before performing dart throw are effective on consolidation (based on promotion) of limb coordination component.

Subjective Well-Being and Academic Self-Efficacy is one of the most important topics of research in universities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relations of goal orientation (skill-oriented goal, performance-oriented goal, performance-avoidance goal) and metacognition with subjective well-being and academic self-efficacy among the students of Islamic Azad University of Ahvaz year 2015-2016.
The research was canonic correlation. The sample of research included 400 subjects (200 boy and 200 girls) who were selected based on cluster random sampling. For the measurement of the variable, Midgley’s goal orientation questionnaire, State metacognition invertory (ESM), satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and Colleg academic self-efficacy scale (CASE) were used.
Data analysis by canonical correlation revealed: there were significant relations between goal orientation (skill-oriented goal, performance-oriented goal, performance-avoidance goal) and metacognition with subjective well-being and academic self-efficacy all of students. The results also revealed that: there is strongest relation between metacognition from first set of variables (independent) and subjective well-being from second set of variables (dependent) (p It can be concluded that for the development of sense self-efficacy and subjective well-being of students, it will be important for goal orientation and metacognition. These factors can be made to improve the academic performance of students.

This study aimed to identify factors affecting on the implementation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) in higher education was conducted.
This study was mixed. The population in the qualitative part were Professors of educational technology and e-learning, doctoral students of educational technology and information in education that 18 people among them purposefully were selected for interviews. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews and structural factors were determined with open and axial coding. The validity of the findings with comparative methods by members and peer review was guaranteed. In the quantitative section, the factors affecting on implementation of MOOC period were determined from the viewpoint of 192 user, by using the Self-made questionnaire and the outcome of the quality part (with reliability α=0/86), and were analyzed using Chi-square test and Friedman.
The results showed that 73 initial conceptual proposition with 16 sub-categories and 5 main categories Proposition, influencing on the course of MOOC in the form of immediate factors (internal) and intermediate (external) identification and the relationship between them was presented in the form of structural pattern. The results of chi-square and Friedman tests demonstrated that Factor of computers and means of communication and dialogue, managing user interface design, implementation, evaluation and assessment, Surround Factors, notification, acceptance and program management Factors and central learning Factor In order of preference As factors affecting on the implementation MOOC curses Have been identified
Many agents are effective on the using of MOOC curses in the higher education in the country and Implementation of these courses requires the use of specialized solutions.

Competency-based medical education is proposed as a new educational method for training different generation of physicians. It is considered two issues: defining credible outcomes and designing standard tools for evaluation. The first issue is to determine competencies. Despite many similarities, different countries have tried to define appropriate competencies based on the need of their community and health care system. In Iran, the study from Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1391 defined the framework of competencies of medical education. Competency-based medical education necessitates meta-competencies learning in addition to the core competencies. Meta competencies enable physicians to work with multiple tasks in different conditions. The second important issue is how to evaluate competency-based training. The designing of valid assessment tool for meta-competencies is difficult and complex. However achievement of ultimate goal of competency-based education approach in medical education will be met only with the standard measurement tool designing.