نشریه مطالعات شبه قاره
سال هفتم شماره 23 (تابستان 1394)

In the Stylistic studies of the literary texts, the concentration on the structure of the poetry and linguistics, leads the reader to an optimum understanding and interpretation of the contents and speech acts. One of the modern issues of linguistics in the field of Persian literary text criticism is the re-exploration of deviation from linguistic norms both in the fields of neologism and “Functional Conversion” which have been seen in the speech of innovative scholars, frequently. Bidel is among the poets who have introduced new words to enrich the language by emphasizing the ambiguity in poetry and accepting the modernized Indian Style. In this study, first, the range of every cases of lexical deviation have been presented and second, presenting some examples of Bidel's poems, the range of the mentioned techniques he has used has been demonstrated using the descriptive-analytic method and library resources.

All religions around the world, have paid a significant attention to death, as one of the greatest mysteries of human existence. Most of the schools adopt an ambivalent attitude towards it; they either believe in the afterlife world or consider it as the end of the life. However, being based on the reincarnation, Hindu thought follows the idea that, due to the successive deaths which are linked to the ongoing chain of lives, human being is always in pain unless she/he reaches Nirvana. The existence of several death mythological figures (deities) in India, reflects some parts of Hindu thought about the death.[Regarding the importance of the subject, a descriptive-analytic method and library resources have been used in this study to consider death in Hindu mythology.

Shahname-ye Naderi is a historical epic poem which is dedicated to the history of King Nader (Nader Shah), his army and the Iranian people in Afsharid era. One of the most important and interesting sections of this poem is related to Nader’s attack to subcontinent. This event has been explained with some differences in details of times, places and characters.By applying an analytical - comparative approach, the present study aims to find an answer to some questions such as: regarding the fact that Shahname-ye Naderi as an epic poem, is a work which has been composed based on historical events of the time of Nader shah, what elements in this text have separated it from a mere historical work? The results demonstrate that the existence of some poetic statements and similes, relying on detailed descriptions of scenes, as well as some advices and allegories have separated this epic poem from mere historical texts.

Iranian and Indian governments have paid a great attention to the cultural exchanges since the ancient times. Most of the studies so far, have focused more on the influence of Iranians on Indians’ culture, civilization and architecture and have emphasized less on the impact of India on the Iranian culture and civilization. Nader shah Afshar gained a huge amount of trophies after his invasion to India and capturing Delhi, in addition, he brought about 40 thousands of captives and among them there were a lot of professionals and experienced artists, sculptors and carpenters. Thus, in this paper it has been attempted to consider the role of Indian captives in cultural improvements on Nader shah’s era. In conclusion about the role and impact of Indians on the Iranian culture and civilization in the time of Nader shah, it can be said that, these captives played a significant role in improving the architecture, fulfilling some huge projects and promoting handicrafts, such as jewellery and some art subsets like singing, dancing and also some scientific domains such as medical sciences. The research method is analytic-descriptive and it has been conducted based on the historical research methods, according to the objective observations and fieldwork, particularly about the development of Naderi Kalat, which is located in the north of Khorasan

Indo-Iranian nations have had joint intellectual, cultural, lingual, commercial and political links since a long time ago. Iranians have contributed to Indian culture, art and philosophy as much as they have borrowed from them. These links were increased after the advent of Islam and upon the conquest of India by Sultan Mahmoud Ghaznavi in 941 A.D. Also, Iranians’ immigration to India was enhanced due to Mongols’ Invasion to Iran as well as other reasons such as Indian kings’ support for immigrants, especially, Sufis and scientist. Mansour Hallaj and Sheikh Safi-Al-Deen Kazerooni, Abu Eshaq Kazerooni’s nephew, were amongst the first Iranian Sufis who travelled to India. Murshedia, also called “Kazeroonia”, is one of the most important sects in Islamic theosophy. The present paper first introduces the founder of this sect and then discusses how Morshedia entered Indian subcontinent and briefly explains its infiltration into this important region through different people. The paper, which is the result of an exploratory study of the written works, discusses the realm and influence of the above mentioned sect on Indian Subcontinent.

Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti is the head of the Chishti Sufi cult inthe Indian subcontinent who reflects the most beautiful andimportant mysticalthemesin his poems.The present article reviews his gnostic vision taking the assumption that his mystical comments are based on the divine love and pantheism. Accordingly,it has been attempted to explore the gnostic views of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti about The God, Man and the world based on the poems attributed to him after reviewing thehistoryof Chishti cult in India. Regarding the purpose of familiarizing the readers with the way of Chishti cult and its founder, Khawja Moinuddin Chishti, the sharing level of culture and civilization of the Muslim people of Iran and India and also the importance of this cult and its advocates who are scattered over the different parts of India and Pakistan, conducting the present research has been considered essential. Research Methodology is analytic and Library resources have been used. The results are compatible with the hypothesis of the research.

Different regions of India such as Delhi and Deccan were the advent place of prominent bureaucrats who helped the Muslim governments with managing the political and military affairs for hundreds of years. These bureaucrats migrated to India due to a variety of reasons and under the special conditions. The reason for choosing the mentioned period of time and its importance is the presence of the Iranian bureaucrats and their high influence on Sunni government of Bahmanids. The necessity of this research is being considered regarding the dubiety of the orientalists based on the expansion of Islam and Shiism by the sword and military forces. The basic subject in this research is to clarify the actions of Iranian bureaucrats to spread Shia sect in Deccan (Sunnite community of Bahmani sect).The research method has been descriptive-analytic and the results demonstrated that the Iranian bureaucrats developed the Iranian culture and Shia sect without stimulating Sunnite people and the government, keeping peaceful relations with them, inviting Shiites to Deccan, training students, building mosques and schools and assigning posts to the Iranians, and by influencing the Bahmani kings, the Iranian bureaucrats made them spread Shiism.