نشریه مطالعات شبه قاره
سال سوم شماره 6 (بهار 1390)

Nearly 300 years ago، Shah Valiyollah Mohadess Dehlavi born in Delhi، India، translated Holy Quran so that even today we can find no more translations that are as fluent and precise as it is. Unfortunately، this valued work has، for some reasons، been remained unknown in Iran. In this article after introducing Shah Valiyullah Dehlavi، some characteristics of his translation from Quran is introduced and then by utilizing some comparatively syntactic criteria between Arabic and Persian، the accuracy of the translation is studied in more details.

Mir Shahdad Khan Talpour under the pseudonym of Heidari is one of the poets and rulers of Sindh province who lived in the thirteenth century Alt. He left a poetical work which contains ghazals، Odes، mathnavis، refrains، stanzas، quatrains and the singles which is kept in the treasure of Talpouran manuscripts in Heyderabad، Sindh. In 1386، according to a contract between the Sub-continent Research Center affiliated to Sistan and Baluchistan University and the museum and the treasure of Talpouran manuscripts and with the assistance of Iran’s cultural coordinator in Karachi، a copy of this poetical work was delivered to the center of Sub-continent Research which was emended، criticized and analyzed by the present author. This work contains totally 7169 couplets which can be thematically divided into two sections. The first part containing odes، refrains، mathnavies، stanzas and quatrains is about love and Manghebat of the Islam prophet and the twelve Imams and the second port i. e. lyrics more deals with the subject of love and land sweetheart which is common in literature. This article attempts at investigating love in this work applying a content analysis method.

Monshaat writing or letter writing which was called Tarassol in the past، used to be an important measure among court issues in front of great and local rulers، so it has had a special importance and long history in Persian culture and literature. By the influence of Persian literature and language in sub-continent and the generous advocacy of Indian kings toward Persian writers and poets، profuse works were composed in Persian there; meanwhile، Persian letter writing received remarkable attention by beletterists and amanuenses. The style of such works is more artificial and rhythmic، adorned in verbal and semantic figures of speech، and usage of Persian and Arabic poems in prose. The present work belongs to an anonymous author in the 11th century and its only transcription numbered 16170، is kept in the library of Islamic Parliament and the writer has tried to emendate this work syllogistically. After many investigations، this work turned out to have some characteristics like other monshaats. Some features are as follow: it has 129 Quran verses، 319 Persian couplets، 173 Arabic couplets and also high frequency of simile، euphuism، allusion، homonymy، metaphor and opposition in this work is remarkable. Also، it enjoys a rich intertextuality with Quranic verses، proverbs and other poems.

Studying the most beautiful preeminent manifestation of poem music i. e. rhythm and meter، is a step toward the recognition of the poet’s mentalities and thoughts. So paying attention to the various aspects of poem music is very important and necessary. Rhythm and music، beauty and its subsequent influence and also its agreement to human nature of beauty liking is the substantial condition of the durability and eternity of poet and poem. Bidel is one of the greatest and incomparable poets of Hindi Style and a unique model and an admirable poet of this Style. Although Iranians have neglected to investigate much enough in different aspects of Bidel’s style and his mentalities and viewpoints، he has intensively affected his contemporaries and followers. This brief collection tries to take a step for recognition and introduction of this tender-imagined poet and to pay attention to the hidden world of his works and a small part of his world which is the external music and also to introduce the rhythms and meters used in his works. At first، a small introduction of Bidel Dehlavi is presented and then the meters and rhythms that the poet used in his works are discussed. Also some information is presented about the frequency of each meter. Some other information is also presented about the meters of Khizabi، Joybari، and Dowri and finally a couple of examples are brought up for each meter.

Hindi style is one of the few Persian poetry styles that has had several names. The names which have caused many arguments and discussions. What has caused this chaos in the appellation process of the style is the lack of considering interests and tastes of the two groups of poets of this style who with regard to the differences of time، language and place، have displayed a certain scene of Persian language and have revealed a part of potentials of this fine language. So، in this article، by comparing the poems of two superior poets of this style، namely Saeb and Bidel، we tried to describe their common and different points، and to show the different aspects of Persian language in two geographic domains of Iran and India.

This article attempts at introducing Rabindranath Tagore’s philosophical and mystical perspective. Since social surroundings، thoughts and events encircling a savant play an important role in the formation of his personality and thoughts and so thousands of verses by Tagore is the best diagram of his life، first of all the themes of his thoughts including his oriental inclinations obtained from his father and grandfather، the effect of Brahma Samaj Movement، and Sufism of different religions especially Tagore’s attraction towards the mystic soul of Bauli dervishes are studied. Then the prominent characteristics of mystical basics and his sophisticated teachings including basic unity in the abundance of enamored devotion world of Bahakti، Vedanta monotheism teachings، Christian sincerity and Hindu-Muslims spiritual structure، conflicting peace، endless impression and perceiving aesthetics of reality are discussed.

In competition with India and with the aim of creating a deterrent force against this country، Pakistan started nuclear tests on November 28، 1998 and practically joined the world’s nuclear countries. In spite of concerns about this issue، the US felt no threat from Pakistan’s nuclear power before 9. 11. 2001. However، the aforementioned incident، whose leaders homed in Afghanistan، frightened the US severely. In addition، the Islamists’ increasing power in Pakistan gradually made this country’s nuclear security a problem for the West. During all years of independence، Pakistan and the US have had friendly relations. These relations have always played crucial roles in regional crises. Despite all these ups and downs in relations between the two countries، Pakistan has always seen the US as a supporter against the ex-USSR and India and the US has also considered Pakistan as a barrier against communism during the Cold War. Thereafter، the US has considered Pakistan as the closest ally in the region after 9. 11. incidence and، therefore، has refrained from the crackdown on Pakistan’s nuclear programs. According to this brief issue، the aim of the present article is to study the nuclear relations of Pakistan and the US with respect to the New Realism theoretical framework. This study also seeks to answer which ups and downs have Pakistan and the US’ nuclear relations had and what factors have affected these nuclear relations.