فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1390)

Normal non-fluency is one of the most common speech disorder with numerous complications in children. Hypotheses proposed for the causes of the disorder is working memory disfunction. This study was designed to examine phonological working memory function in these children and with hope to use its results in treatment. In this causal-comparative study, 30 normal non-fluent males (age 5 to 6 years) and 30 normal males, were assessed with standard tests including digit recall, word recall and non word repetition. After calculating scores of subjects in each of the three tests performed, in order to analyze data and compare the difference between the two groups, t test for comparison of independent groups and Mann-Whitney U was used. Results showed that boys with normal non-fluency, in the three test; digit recall (p<0.006), word recall (p<0.001) and non word repetition (p<0.000), had significantly lower gains than control group. Considering the results of this study and previous studies based on healthy of other indicators such as working memory and language aspects in these children as well as our results, motor and linguistic theories about stuttering and also possible based on normal non-fluency into the stuttering; can be said in some areas of the brain related to speech motor processes that comply with the phonological loop, have poor performance.

The purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior training of maternal behavior on changing maternal behavior and child’s insecure attachment style. In this study, a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest with experimental and control group was used. The population of this research included Isfahanian mothers that have one child that he/she was upper limit 5 and lower limit 1 years old with insecure attachment style. The sample consisted 40 mothers-children that assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. The data gathering instruments included two questionnaires, Attachment Q-Sort (AQS) and Maternal Behavior Rating Scale. Pre-test administered for rating of maternal behavior and secure attachment in experimental and control group. Then administered 12 sessions of weekly cognitive-behavior training for mothers in experimental group. In the end sessions, after one week, administered post-test for two groups. The results of ANCOVA showed that there is a significant different between scores of maternal behavior and secure attachment in control and experimental group after cognitive-behavior training and in experimental group, maternal behavior and security of child’s attachment was increased. Cognitive-behavior training of maternal behavior was effective on improvement of maternal behavior and creasing score of secure attachment.

The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of early interventions based on attention games on the rate attention of Preschool children with attention deficit-hyperactivity/impulsivity disorder. The design was experimental with pretest-post test. Statistical population were Including all Preschool boys with ADHD in Isfahan city during1389-1390. For this purpose, 30 children with ADHD symptoms were selected by using multistage random cluster sampling (each group consisted of 15 children). The instruments of this research were the parent Conner s questionnaire and clinical interview. Interventions based on attention games was employing on experimental group. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Covariance. Finding indicated that early interventions based on attention games can improve attention performance of Preschool children. Regarding to early identification and intervention can be an effective approach in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity-Impulsivity disorder.

Emotion regulation is the central component of organization of adaptive behavior and avoid of negative emotions and maladaptive behaviors. This study investigated the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in internalizing disorders (Depression, Anxiety) of children. This study was a descriptive correlation study. 531 students including 254 boys and 261 girls were selected with using multistage cluster sampling from all students in third grade, fourth and fifth years of elementary public school in Mashhad, 89-90. The research tools included demographic information questionnaire, a Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-kids form, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children and Children's Depression Scale were completed. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient showed that self blame, rumination, Catastrophizing and other blame strategies have a significant positive relationship with depression and Anxiety. Since acceptance, Positive reappraisal, Refocus on planning and Positive Refocusing have significant negative relationship with depression and Anxiety. These results also indicated that Putting into perspective only have a significant negative relationship with anxiety. The results of multiple regression analysis (stepwise) showed that rumination, Catastrophizing, Refocus on planning, and self blame strategies had significant predictive power for Anxiety. Also, Catastrophizing, rumination, Positive Refocusing, acceptance, Refocus on planning and other blame had significant predictive power for depression. The findings of this study can be inferred that One of the important factors in the incidence of psychological disorders in children is Cognitive strategies that use for regulate of their emotions experienced after the threatening event. Therefore, treatment programs should pay special attention to the cognitive strategies, especially non-adaptive strategies such as self-blame, rumination, acceptance Catastrophizing.

This study was conducted in order to examine effectiveness of cognitive processing and holographic reprocessing on the reduction of psychological symptoms in students exposed to trauma.

The design of this study was Quasi-Experimental. Statistical society of this research was comprised of boy students that study in Uremia high schools at first, second and third grades at 89-90 educational year (N=10286). Having utilized traumatic events screening inventory and SCL-90 R on 1000 people, 129 people were recognized as persons with trauma experience and score higher than 90 at SCL-90 R. Sixty people of them were selected randomly. Having conducting clinical interview, they were assigned randomly to three groups of cognitive processing; holographic reprocessing and placebo. These groups were responded to SCL-90 R at pretest and posttest. Collected data were analyzed by ANCOVA test.

The results showed that there were significant difference between three groups in the subscales of obsession-compulsive, depression, anxiety, phobia, paranoid's thoughts and psychos. Both two therapeutic groups were different from placebo group in total score of SCL-90 R, but significant difference was not founded between two therapeutic groups in this variable.

The results of this research demonstrated that cognitive processing and holographic reprocessing were equally effective on the reduction of psychological symptoms. But cognitive processing was more effective on depression related to trauma, and holographic reprocessing therapy was more effective on phobia, obsession-compulsion and psychos related to trauma.

This study set out to examine a comparison of the effectiveness of family therapy, based on Schema therapy and Bowen’s Emotion System therapy on divorce tendency among divorce applicant clients of Saghez city. The design of the study is as experimental and pre test and post test conducted on the control group. The data population included all of divorced applicant clients either self-referent or referred on behalf of courts to well-being and counseling agencies of Saghez city, one of the provinces of Kurdistan. 66 clients were selected at random from among the data population. Using the tools of Divorce tendency Inventory, the independent variables of divorce tendency was measured within divorce applicant clients (pre test) and in the end, based on random situation sampling, subjects were arranged in three 22-groups, then examine a comparison of the effectiveness of schema therapy and Bowen’s emotional system therapy on divorce tendency for 8 session-one hour. The results of Multi Analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that the existence of a significant difference, between divorce applicant clients of experimental and evidence groups (p<0/0001). Therefore, hypothec concerning the effectiveness of schema therapy and Bowen’s Emotional System therapy on divorce tendency was confirmed. Also, the findings of the study showed that schema therapy and Bowen’s Emotion System therapy in the case of effectiveness on divorce tendency, Bowen Emotion System therapy is more effective than schema therapy.

Sexual addiction is a growing concern nowadays known as a serious disorder. In fact it is an intimacy disorder that is due to impaired early attachment and parental bonding experiences which are the two important factors that form people’s self concept. The present study aimed to investigate the role of attachment styles, parental bonding and self concept in sexual addiction and to access best predictor factors for discriminating sexual addicts from normal ones. The participants included 70 people (35 sexual addicts, 35 healthy persons), selected through convenient sampling method and matched according to sex, age and education. All participants completed the Sexual Addiction Scale, Hazan and Shaver Attachment Scale, Parental Bonding Scale and Pyryt and Mendaglio Self-Perception Survey. The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA and Discriminant Analyze. Results of ANOVA revealed that sexual addicts and control group were significantly different in ambivalence attachment style, mother and father overprotection, and self concept. Also, Discriminant Analyze showed that mother and father overprotection and avoidance style are the best discriminators and predictors of sexual addiction. These predictors discriminated sexual addicts from control group in 72/90% of times. Attachments disorders should be addressed in sexual addiction treatment.

Narcotic anonymous association is a program of recovery of drug-abuse which focused on healthy of physical, physiological, mental and spiritual function. The current study aimed to compare the quality of life and hope levels among narcotic anonymous (NA), and Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), members.

In this causal-comparative study, 100 male (50: NA, 50: MMT. Age: 20-40, minimal clean period: 6 mounths), from Shahrood city completed World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (QoLWHO), and Snyder Hope scale.

The results showed that mean scores of agency thinkig, hope, interpersonal relationships, and physical health, in NA members was significantly higher than their MMT counterparts. Also, the results of discriminant analisis showed that comparative differences between these samples were highlited in compound of variables (in order to significance: interpersonal relationships, agency thinking, physical health).

It seems that actively attendance in NA association in comparison of MMT coused better quality of life and promotion of persons’ voluntariness to pursuing of aims. Specially, their interpersonal relationships enhanced, their phhysical and mental life are important for them, also as a result of attendance of NA association they pursuing their living path hopefuly.