فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، بهار 1393)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that often persist into adulthood. ADHD is associated with a high percentage of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Studies suggest that ADHD is common among prison populations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of inhibition and working memory training on ADHD and comorbid symptoms of prison inmates with ADHD. Through randomized sampling method، 30 adult male prison inmates in Gorgan State Prison who had formerly received ADHD diagnosis were recruited on a voluntary basis. Participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups who received a computerized inhibition and working memory training programs for 25 sessions through 5 weeks، and a passive control group. To measure the severity of ADHD and comorbid psychiatric symptoms from before to after the training، the participants completed ASRS، Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)، Beck Depression Inventory-2 (BDI-II) and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III). The inhibition didn''t result in improving ADHD symptoms، but working memory training led to reducing hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms. Furthermore، post-test reduction in comorbid symptoms، e. g.، anxiety and depression were observed. The executive functions training especially working memory training not only has significant impacts on reducing ADHD symptoms، but also can be examined as an effective intervention for reducing comorbid symptoms with ADHD in future research.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is currently ranked the third leading cause of disability in the world. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectivness of combined of brief behavioral activation therapy (BATD) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in patients with major depressive disorder. This research was administrated in a single subject design framework. Four patients (1 male، 3 female، ages 26-38) with MDD participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to four treatments (MBCT، BATD and Combined of BATD and MBCT to reverse sequence). To collect data Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Ruminative Responses Subscale (RRS) were administered during pretreatment، during treatment at Sessions 2، 4 and 6، Session 8، and at 1-month follow-up. The visual inspection of charts and size effects indicated significant decrease in depression symptoms and rumination of participants. These preliminary findings provided support for the role of Combined of BATD and MBCT in reducing depression symptoms and rumination in Patients with MDD.

Acceptance and commitment therapy is a third generation behavior therapy in treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on anxiety and depression in women with MS. In this study which was a Quasi-Experimental with pre-test، post-test and control group، the sample group was selected by available sampling method from patients referred to the Isfahan MS association. Therefore، 20 female subjects were chosen randomly and assigned to two control & experimental groups (each with 10 subjects). To assess the severity of depression and anxiety and experiential avoidance too، Beck Depression Inventory-II، Beck anxiety Inventory and an acceptance and action inventory were used respectively in pre-test. The experimental group experienced the treatment based on commitment and acceptance group therapy in eight; two hours sessions and the control group did not receive any treatment. These questionnaires again conducted on both group in post-test. The results showed that anxiety and depression and experiential avoidance scores of experimental group significantly decreased and in one-month fallow up did not significantly differ. So، group treatment based on the acceptance and commitment therapy caused significant changes in the treatment of anxiety and depression in women with MS. The results emphasize the importance of the use of these interventions in people with MS with other mental disorders and provide new horizons in clinical interventions.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been accompanied with so many problems and numerous therapy methods have been introduced to cure children with this disorder. Thus، the aim of this research was to study of effectiveness of group training of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) on reducing symptoms of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and promoting quality of life of students. This research was an experimental research، and conducted with pre-test post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all male high school students in Nourabad city (Delfan) in the academic year 1391-92 (A. H.). the sample of this research wera 40 male students with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity thate after recognition by Conner’s adult ADHD diagnosis scale brief form and constracted clinical interview and selected in multiphasic cluster and randomly assigned in experimental and control group. The experimental groups received the training of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for 12 sessions that each session lasted constracted clinical interview and quality of life scale (Sf-36) were used for gathering data. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyzing the data. The results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that group training of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy was effective on reducing of symptoms of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity and promotens life guality. The analysis of data indicated that there is a meaningful difference between the two groups of control and experimental in symptoms of Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity and quality of life. according to Results of this study، the training of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy could be applied alongside other therapy methods as an effective method for reducing of behavioral symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children.

The aim of present research was examined the effectiveness of cognitive self-compassion training and emotion-focused therapy on quality of life in students with depression disorder. This study deign was experimental with pre-test، post test using two experimental and one control groups. The study population consisted of 48 depressed students who came to Now-Shahr Counseling Centers in Education were selected by simple random sampling and were assigned to experimental (cognitive self-compassion training and emotion-focused therapy) and control groups. The instrument were used in this study consisted of Depression and Quality of Life Inventory. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that cognitive self-compassion training and emotion-focused therapy compared with the control group were affected on quality of life in students with depression disorder. Also cognitive self-compassion training compared with emotion-focused therapy and control group was more effective in improving depression in depressed students. Based on the research findings، these results illustrate that self-compassion training is an important factor for quality of life and depression.

IRAN has experienced eight years of war and currently more than 5،000 war veterans are living in Tehran but accurate information about their mental health status is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans of Tehran. Research design، the nature and objectives of the survey are described. 172 people of veterans of five different areas in Tehran were selected by random cluster sampling to participate in the research. The research questionnaires included: Mississippi traumatic stress scale (scale) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial questionnaires 3 (MCMI-III) was completed. Data were analyzed using significant test for two independent proportions. The prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder in veterans was 39 percent. Percentage of chemical injury was under 25 percent and higher than a bachelor''s degree was associated with a lower risk of suffering from this disorder (p<0/05). The most common personality disorders are associated with this disorder Among veterans with PTSD and non-PTSD patients، borderline personality disorder، respectively 17/9% post traumatic stress disorder، 4/8% non-veterans with post traumatic stress disorder، avoidant personality disorders 10/4% vs 1/9%، dependent 10/4% vs. 0% and Negatively oriented 5/7% vs. 1% as compared to veterans with other veterans was higher (p<0/05). Post traumatic stress disorder in war veterans of the population is high and significant comorbid with personality disorders requires a careful assessment of mental health status of those shows.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between codependency with difficulties in emotion regulation in females of Isfahan. This is descriptive and correlative research. The sample included 450 females who were selected by available sampling method. All the participants completed Codependency Assessment Tool (CODAT) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple of regression analysis. The result showed that there are significant relations between codependency with difficulties in emotion regulation. Results also revealed that there are significant multiple relations between subscales of codependency with difficulties in emotion regulation and subscales of difficulties in emotion regulation are forecastable with subscales of codependency. It can be said codependency is an important variable to predict of difficulties in emotion Regulation.

The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional schemas in spouses of people with substance abuse and spouses of normal people. 30 spouses of patients with substance abuse selected by available sampling method and were matched with 30 spouses of normal people. Two groups completed cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Garnefski، Kraaij & Spinhoven، 2001) and emotional schemas questionnaire (Leahy، 2002). In order to analysis data Multiravriat Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used. The results indicated that the maen of score of spouses of people with substance abuse in self-blame، rumination، catastrophizing and other blame maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and rumination، guilt، uncontrollable، blame and demands for rationality emotional schemas were more than spouses of normal people. In positive refocusing، refocus on planning، positive reappraisal and putting into perspective adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and expression، acceptance of feeling and comprehensibility emotional schemas spouses of normal people aquired more scores than spouses of people with substance abuse. Spouses of people with substance abuse in order to manage emotions come from stressful situations use from maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional schemas. Using these maladaptive strategies can put them at risk of mental problems and marital conflicts.

Today، optimism as a positive psychology main topic has great importance. So، we consider optimism as a weapon that causes mental and physical health، life satisfaction، and improved family function، academic، social and career. Therefore، this study was conducted to examine the results of the impact of optimism instruction by storytelling on increasing optimism on first grade high school girl students in Hamadan. An experimental method designed with control and experimental groups، undergoing pre-test and post-test used. The subjects were selected from the first grade high school girl students in Hamadan، using the multistage cluster sampling. The subjects were classified into control and experimental group، randomly selected from the comprised sample of 48 students. The research instrument was the Optimism Questionnaire. Experimental treatment was conducted on the experimental group during 10 sessions and then post-tests for experimental group were administrated on the subjects. Statistical analysis was conducted by analysis of independent samples، T- test using SPSS-16 software. The results showed that optimism instruction by storytelling has significant effect on increasing optimism in the first grade high school girl students. It is necessary to use the new methods of therapy such as storytelling for children and adolescents'' therapy and education according to their capacities and requirements.