فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 27، پاییز 1394)

The Aim of Present Research Was to Investigat the Effectiveness of Neurofeedback on Reduction of ADHD Symptoms. the research method of this study was pre-test, post-test experimental with control group. Sample size was 30 subjects that were randomly selected and placed in two groups, experimental (15 subject) and placebo(15 subject). All Subjects were assessed with the TOVA Test in two stages (pretest and post test). Data were analyzed through covariance statistical test. The results showed that 50 sessions of neurofeedback training lead to the experimental groups improvement in attention but no significant different in impulsive treatment. inattention in children with ADHD is controlled by neurofeedback but neurofeedback is not effective on impulsion. This result may place due to more neuro-organic processes in attention than in implosion that present in informative cues in EEG on improvement of attention.

Group interventions are increasingly used in clinical situations and a strategy to save time and energy in providing clinical services. One of the interventions that can be used group is sensory integration therapy. Sensory integration interventions are used to solve the problems of integration and sensory processing. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity experience sensory integration and processing difficulties. Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is a behavioral disorder that effects negatively on the social and academic performance of children. Since sensory integration problems in these children is clear and effective approaches, such as sensory integration therapy is available. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group sensory integration intervention on attentions deficit-hyperactivity disorder elementary school students in Hamadan with family focus. This was a quasi-experimental study. The participants in this study included 39 children 6-12 year old with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder who were randomly selected from the schools of Hamadan and were divided to two groups of 24 females (10 people as control group, 14 people as experimental group) and 15 males (6 people as control group, 9 people as experimental group). Three times a week experimental groups and over 10 one-hour sessions received in the presence of parents the sensory integration intervention. Attention deficit-hyperactivity symptoms in both groups were assessed using children disease symptoms questionnaire. Analysis of data using analysis of variance showed that sensory integration had a significant impact on the hyperactivity, attention deficit and impulsivity of testers in the experimental group. In addition, gender and intervention interaction and gender had no significant impact. Overall, group sensory integration intervention had impact significantly on attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity of sample.

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the most common anxiety disorder that damages one's functionsand social relationships. Each one of the therapeutic approaches has focused on treating one aspect of the damaged substructures in this disorder and none was completely successful. So lately new treatments such as Metacognitive therapy (MCT) and Neurofeedback training are considered. The aim of this research was to compare MCT with Neurofeedback in reducing the symptoms of SAD. This research was a single subject study with volunteer sampling method. 7 students from Ferdowsi and Farhangian universities of Mashhad were peered and replaced randomly in three groups (control, MCT and Neurofeedback). Conner's Social Phobia Inventory and DSM-IV-TR structured interview were used. 8 session per week for MCT and 16 sessions 3 times per week for neurofeedback was performed. Conner's Inventory was answered 2 times within and at the end of the treatment and also in 45 days follow-up. Percent recovery was used for data analysis. MCT and neurofeedback had 88 and 49 percent recovery in milder SAD subjects at the end of the sessions and Percent recovery in the three more severe subjects in both treatments was in the range of 17 to 39 percent and recovery for all the subjects has continued in the follow up. MCT and Neurofeedback were both effective in reducing SAD comparing to control group but MCT was more effective in milder SAD and Neurofeedback was more effective in severe SAD than MCT.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of Mindfulness -based cognitive therapy on rumination, depression and executive functions at college students with depression. In this experimental pretest-posttest study, thirty patients with Major Depressive Disorder were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control group. To measure the variables of the Beck Depression Inventory, rumination Nolen-Hoeksema and Stop-Signal Task was used and Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Data analysis showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy decreased rumination, depression and inhibition deficit in people with depression Based on the findings of this study, it should be stated that the mindfulness not only affects the improving of psychological symptoms but also affects the executive functions and mechanisms underlying of neuropsychological depression.

The indication of interpersonal problems in many psychological disorders has opened a most of research in this field. The goal of the present study was to assess the relationship of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and thought fusion with interpersonal problems. In correlational designs frameworke, 300 students (150 male and 150 female) were selected voluntarily and assessed by Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Thought Fusion Inventory and Interpersonal Problems Inventory. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression method. Results indicated that there is positive corelation between maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and thought fusion components with most interpersonal problems dimentions, wheras this relation was negative for adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Moreover, the results of regression analysis indicated a strong predictor of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and thought fusion components for most interpersonal problems dimentions. Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and thought fusion components are psychological coorelates of interpersonal problems. These findigs have applied and basic implications in the field of psychotherapy and other educational and interventional contexts.

Social cognition is based on abstractions of interpersonal interactions. The aim of the present research was studying the affective judgment conditions on social cognition of adolescents with high-functioning autism in both Gender. This research was a experimental study and statistical population was included of the students of two normal schools and one special school of autistic adolescents. A sample of 28 students from 11 to 15 years old selected accidentally between three schools (14 girl students were selected only between one school and 14 students were at two schools), and they replaced in 2 experimental groups and 2 control groups randomly. The instrument consists of 10 pictures to emotional recognition (5 negative and 5 positive pictures) under three conditions of emotional judgment. The factorial analysis is used for data test. The results showed that there were significant differences between expression of positive and negative emotion under two affective judgment conditions (self & other) on social cognition in autistic and normal (control group) adolescents (=0.01); But there were no significant differences between expression of positive and negative emotion under affective judgement of condition (location) on social cognition in autistic and normal adolescents. Only there was a significant difference between autistic boy group and normal girl group in expression of positive emotion under locational condition of affective judgment. In sum, it concluded that expression of positive and negative emotion under affective judgment conditions (specifically, condition of other) were decreased in autistic people.

Heroin abuse is one of the world major problems that have negative consequences in multiple domains such as aspects of cognitive problems. The aim of current research was to compare the decision-making functions between heroin abusers and normal individuals. The method of current research was causative-comparative. The sampling was group of heroin abuser was available. Group of heroin abusers include 30heroin abuser that was selected among those referred to addiction treatment centers in Gonabad city. The comparison group consisted of 30 normal individuals were selected according to available sampling and were matched in age, gender and education with group of heroin abusers.To collect data was used from Decision-making and Risky Decisions Tests. Data analyzed with Spss software and multivariate analysis. Results of data analysis showed scores of heroin abusers in decision-making lower than normal group and also scores of this group in risky decision higher than normal group. The results of multivariate analyze showed a significant difference in decision-making between heroin abusers and normal individuals. (P< 0/0001). Heroin abuse leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain, especially the frontal and prefrontal cortex and this causes heroin abusers have many problems in the process of decision making and problem solving.

One of the most deadly accidents for children is traffic accidents. Various studies have examined the factors influencing children’s traffic accidents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of supervisory and personality characteristics of parents on risk perception of young children. A correlational study with a practical aim was conducted. A total of 105 preschoolers with their parents from two preschools situated in two districts 3 and 6 in Mashhad on a voluntarily basis participated. Preschool children’s danger perception was assessed by a pedestrian task of identifying safe and dangerous road crossing sites. The supervision attributes and risk _ taking questionnaire and Zuckerman sensation seeking questionnaire were used to measure the supervisory and personality characteristics of parents. Results showed that there were positive significant relationships between preschooler’s traffic danger perception and parental supervision features and there were negative significant relationships between preschooler’s traffic danger perception and sensation seeking of parents. Also supervisory characteristics of mothers, mother's sensation seeking and father's sensation seeking variables were significant predictors for the danger perception of young children. Children's danger perception can be greatly influenced by the beliefs and practices of parents in the care of the child and by their personality traits. So parents’, especially mothers’ caring role and the importance of their indirect behaviors associated with risk should be considered when designing preventive measures in order to reduce children’s road accidents.

The present study examines the hurt feeling proneness in multiple sclerosis patients regarding the role of personality traits.Methode: The research design used was descriptive and correlational. The population consisted of patients with multiple sclerosis patient from Iran Society for Supporting Multiple Sclerosis Patients. The sample included 80 patients with multiple sclerosis disease who were selected by available sampling method among all members of the mentioned society. All participants filled Hurt Feeling Pronenees scale and HXACO Personality Inventory. Clinical measures of Treatment duration, Age, gender, kind of illness and illness duration were extracted from patients’ demographic profiles as well. After data collection, a Pearson correlation coefficient estimated between personality dimensions and HFP measure. A stepwise regression analysis was also made to examine the predictive value of personality dimensions regarding HFP in MS patients. The results were shown negative correlations for responsibility, extroversion, agreeableness and openness personality dimensions, whereas a positive correlation was observed for sensation-seeking dimension. In sum 32 percent of HFP was predicted by personality dimensions. Stepwise Regression Analysis was also revealed agreeableness, sensation-seeking and openness as predictors of Hurt Feeling Pronness. More svere kind of the disease was associated with more Hurt Felleng Pronness as well. We concluded that Hurt Feeling Pronness is strongly associated with personality dimensions and could be predicted by A, Se and O personality dimensions.