فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1394)

The present study was designed to evaluate the psychometric properties of self-beliefs related to social anxiety scale (SBSA) among Iranian society by using descriptive Method.
Statistical population of this research was all students in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the first year of undergraduate of 2014-2015 academic years. 402 students were selected by cluster sampling method among them. Data were collected by using 15- items of self-beliefs related to social anxiety scale (SBSA);Jerabek's social anxiety scale and social phobia scale.
Construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) was used to determine validity of scale and also criterion –related validity was measured by with Jerabek's social anxiety scale and social phobia scale. Internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha index was used to determinin the reliability. Based on results of confirmatory factor analysis 3 factors model of SBSA has fit partly. The overall reliability of scale was obtained 81% by Cronbach's alpha.
Statistical analysis showed that this scale can be used to measure self-beliefs related to social anxiety for the Iranian population.

Anxiety disorders are the most common disorders among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess structural relations between metacognitive beliefs, Meta worry, thought control strategies and anxiety symptoms in adolescents according to metacognition model of anxiety and worry (Wells, 1995, 1997).
The study's research design is descriptive- correlational .The study population consisted all of first, second and third grade high school of Kermanshah in 2013-2013 academic years. The sample consisted of 391 students that were selected by cluster sampling method. All of samples were in age range of 13-19 years old and completed Metacognitions Questionnaire for children (MCQ-A), Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), Meta Worry Questionnaire (MWQ) and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
The data analyzed by Covariance and Path Analysis statistical tests which showed that negative metacognitive beliefs, superstition, punishment and responsibility (SPR) beliefs and Meta worry has direct relationship to anxiety. Also results released that punishment and distraction among subscale of thought control strategies mediate relationship between negative metacognitive beliefs, cognitive monitoring, SPR beliefs, Meta worry and anxiety.
Based on findings this study support metacognitive model of anxiety and worry and showed that beliefs that people have about their thought processes and strategies that they use for control of their cognitive system has important role in onset and maintenance of anxiety. Therefore, modification of metacognitive beliefs and maladaptive strategies to control of unwanted thoughts can be useful in prevention of intensifying and maintenance of anxiety.

Formation of behavioral conflicts between parents and children is always the common problems in teen years which occur during this period. This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of communication skills training to parents with learning pattern of succession on improving of mother - girl relations among girl students in Third grade of Shahriar city.
population of this study included all of students and their mothers in Shahriar city in the 2012-2013 academic years that 30 students accompanied by their mothers were selected by random cluster sampling method in two secondary schools of this city and were divided in two groups of control and experimental with 15 participants randomly. Mother's Group during 3 weeks and 2 sessions of two hours each week received learning communication skills with the pattern of succession through video presentations as well as intervention skills, conflict resolution and decision. Students whose mothers were in the group receiving combination and also students whose mothers had not received training completed 15 questions techniques of conflict questionnaire (Strauss, 1979) before the intervention as pre-test and post-test after intervention. The collected data were analyzed by statistical multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS software.
The results showed significant reduction in conflict, verbal aggression and physical aggression of students with their parents as well as increased ability to use reasoning strategies students in the experimental group (students who their mothers had received training) in comparison to the children with mothers in control group.
It seems that poor communication skills of parents lead to aggression (verbal and physical), reduce overall strategy of argument and conflict on children with the parents.

The marital satisfaction is appropriate index for assessing success in marriage. Increasing of marital satisfaction could be due to permanent life. The aim of this study was to compare of effectiveness of emotion-focused and reality group couple therapies on changing levels of couple's marital satisfaction in Mashhad city.
The research method is pretest- posttest design with control group. The research population was all couples who attended academy of Child and Future in 2012. 24 subjects were selected voluntarily and were assigned into three groups of 8-subject randomly. The data collected by ENRICH scale. The Interventions were conducted by two approaches of EFT and RT on the two groups in 8-sessions of 2-hour weekly. The control group was in waiting list. Mean and standard deviation in statistical level and in inferential level ANCOVA and pairwise comparison Bonfroni tests were used to analyze data.
The results showed that there is significant difference between experimental groups and control group in marital satisfaction variable, but there is no significant difference between emotion-focused and reality therapy groups in marital satisfaction variable.
It seems that connected of human's psychological components (emotional, cognitive and behavior) in uniformity of effect of these two approaches has had influence on marital satisfaction.

Present study was conducted to examine effectiveness of emotional schema therapy (EST) on rumination and severity of depression in patients with major depressive disorder.
Pretest and post-test design and single group follow up was used in this pre-experimental study. 11 patients (7 women and 4 men) who had attended to Rahiar clinic were selected by convenience sampling method. They participated in 9 sessions (every week of 90-minute session) of emotional schema therapy and patients were followed for two months to assess the sustainability of the effects of treatment over time.
In this study depression, In order to assess major depression, severity of depression and rumination were assessed by using structured clinical interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) respectively. Data was analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results showed that emotional schema therapy (EST) has reduced severity of depression (p Based on research's findings, emotional schema therapy (EST) as new cognitive behavioral therapy can be used to decrease severity of depression and rumination in patients with major depression.

Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neuro-psychiatric disorders which started in childhood and continues into adulthood and causes problems in various aspects of life such as; personal, social, professional life, executive functioning, including working memory and concentration. Several studies regarding the treatment of this disorder have been proposed by the authors; current study formed due to lack of studies about effectiveness of neurofeedback with computer-based cognitive tasks on reducing symptoms of ADHD in Iranian adults. The study's aim was to evaluate effectiveness of neurofeedback with computer-based cognitive tasks on reducing symptoms of ADHD in adults.
The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The study population included adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder that referred to Atieh clinic in Tehran. Among the statistical population, 8 patients in 2 groups, one experimental group and one control group of patients was selected based on convenience sampling method. The research instruments were the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Inventory adult attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder of Barkley, IVA test and CNSVS test. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and U Mann-Whitney. The independent t-test, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis test was also used for complementary results.
The result showed that neurofeedback resulted is significant in reduction in of attention deficit and hyperactivity symptoms in the experimental group compared with the control group.
According to results, neurofeedback with computer-based cognitive tasks can reduce symptoms of ADHD in adults.

Idividual's attachment and excitement are important factors to turn of addiction. This research aimed to compare the attachment styles and emotion regulation strategies in addcits and non-addict people.
This study is causal-comparative study. The study population included all drug users who referred to Semnan's addiction treatment centers and sample size composed 60 patients (30 addcits and 30 non-addicts). Adult attachment style questionnaire and emotion regulation strategies were used to collect data. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to analyze by using SPSS-18 software.
The results showed significant difference in the level of P According to findings of this research,proper training can be helpful in the rehabilitation and opioid withdrawal in emotion regulation and creation of social support system - family and social relations in order to restore unsafe attachment style that addicts have it.

Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the most challenging clinical and mental health subjects. According to their numerous costs, review of background research is necessary to achieve the most beneficial treatment options. The aim of this study was to investigate effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment group therapy on post-traumatic stress disorder, coping styles and self-efficacy in girls with abnormal grief.
This is quasi-experimental study with pretest - posttest and control group. The statistical population included all female adolescents under supervision state welfare organization of Kermanshah city in 2015 who were assessed based on the inclusion criteria, DSM-V and scales on GRIES-R-8, TGIF, CISS,SES and their scores on the questionnaires were considered as the baseline. Those who got highest scores were selected by convenience sampling. The study subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n1=n2=12). The experimental group was exposed to 8 sessions of two hours ACT. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS-19 software.
The results showed significant difference between experimental and control groups in total scores of PTSD, intrusive thoughts and avoidance components and self-efficacy (P0.05).
The results indicated that the efficacy of this approach is emerging cognitive-behavioral therapy that it seems that due to the combination of eastern techniques is suitable for Iranian patients.

Functional Gastro Intestinal Disorder (FGID) is common disorder that has influence on all aspects of life. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life in these patients
In semi-experimental study, 30 women having FGID disorder were selected by inconvenience sampling and participants completed quality of life (SF-36) among women who referred to Isfahan Health Central Clinic, then experimental group received 8 sessions of treatment was based on acceptance and commitment. Data were analyzed by Covariance with SPSS software.
Result of analysis showed that there is significance differences between two groups in quality of life (F=12.87). This treatment also have had significant effect on the quality of life including physical function (F=30.38), role limitations for physical reasons (F=61.29), role limitations for emotional reasons (F=17.44), exhilaration (F=15.02), mental Health (F=9.3), social function (F=12.15), somatic pain (F=34.83), and general health (F=18.9) (p Acceptance and commitment therapy can improve the quality of life in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and also can be used as treatment plan for these patients.