فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1395)

War puts veteran's families at risk and a problem in addition to the physical and mental disorders for veterans. The present study was conducted to examine effectiveness of hope therapy on quality of life in wives of veteranswith post-traumatic stress disorder.
Design of This study was quasi-experimental. It consisted of 30 participants who were wives of veterans with PTSD disorder in Dehloran that were selected by convenience method and were assigned into experimental and control groups randomly. Group hopetherapy was conductedin eight sessions of two-hours. Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) was used in this study. The questionnaire was implemented on participants of both groups in three stages: before intervention, after intervention and two months after the intervention (follow-up).
Based on the results of repeated measures variance analysis, mean score of quality of life significantly increased in experimental group in comparison to control group, in post-test and follow-up.
According to results of this study that represent effect of hope therapy on quality of life, so it is recommended hope therapy can be used to improve the quality of life of people especially the families of veterans.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-existential therapy on the reduction of demoralization syndrome in patients with HIV.
In single case study three women with HIV who had been referred to SabzehParvar Center in Karaj city for the medical treatment and consultation were selected by the convenience sampling method and received ten 90-minute individual sessions of cognitive-existential therapy. Participants completed Keisan Demoralization Syndrome Instrument (2004) seven times (2 times at the baseline phase, 3 times at intervention phase, and 2 times at follow-up phase). In data analyses, indexes of process changes, slope, effect size, Cohen index, and interpretation of ups and downs in charts were employed.
The results showed significant reduction on demoralization syndrome in comparison with the baseline and the most amount of reduction was observed in the final treatment session. Although the scores increased in the two follow-up sessions in comparison with the final session of therapy, they also showed a significant reduction in comparison of baseline.
Cognitive-existential therapy causes reduction of demoralization syndrome in patients with HIV and this intervention can be used in the alleviation of psychological pain in this group.

This study aimed to appraisal of effectiveness and comparison of exposure and response prevention therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based training on improving of obsessive and compulsive disorder patient's components of life quality.
This study was quasi-experimental with pretest- posttest and control group. The statistical population included all obsessive and compulsive disorder patients aged over 18 years old who referred to private counseling centers and urban and rural health centers in Rasht in 2014. 45 patients with obsessive and compulsive disorder were selected from those who referred these centers and were divided into the experimental groups and the control group randomly. The experimental groups received eight sessions of 45-minutes. Yale-Brown Obsessive and Compulsive Scale and brief form of World Health Organization quality of life assessment were used to collect data.
The results of multiple analysis of covariance indicated that there was a significant difference among three groups in posttest scores of physical, psychological, social and environmental quality (P ≤ 0.01). The Results of Tuky test showed that the mean score for acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based training was significantly more than the mean score for exposure and response prevention in all components. Likewise, the mean score of both experimental groups were significantly more than the mean score of the control group (P ≤ 0.05).
According to the results of this study, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based training more increased in quality of life. Thus, mental health experts can use this therapy for increasing patient's quality of life.

Studies have shown that interactions between parents and children and whole family played significant role in formation and intensification of children's behavioral - emotional vulnerability.
Parenting Styles are one of the important elements in the family's system styles that can affect the development of children. Present study is aimed to investigate effectiveness of child-parent relationship therapy based on discipline styles of mother's parenting of children 8 to 11 years old with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
This study is quasi experimental research based on pretest-posttest with control group that statistical population (69 pair of mother-child with ADHD), 30 pair of mother-child with ADHD were assigned into experimental and control groups randomly.
Experimental and control groups were assessed by Arnold's parenting questionnaire in 2 stages. The collected data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
The results showed reduction (improvement) significant statistically in dysfunctional disciplinary models and changes in mother's parenting (except procrastination) in experimental group or parent-child relationship-based intervention compared to the control group.
It can be concluded according to the findings of this study and consideration of previous research that these interventions has advantage in the reform of parenting styles Iranian mothers of children with ADHD.

Drug dependence is one of the most important affecting factors on quality of life of patients with drug dependence around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of hope therapy on quality of life in drug-dependent patients under treatment with methadone in Semnan city.
The present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test - post-test and control group. 40 drug-dependent patients under treatment with methadone in Semnan city were selected due to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for sampling and randomly were assigned to two experimental group and control group. Experimental group received hope therapy in addiction to methadone maintenance treatment. Hope Therapy was conducted in 8 sessions on the experimental group and the control group in this period was on the waiting list for psychological intervention.
All patients before intervention complete demographic questionnaire and Quality of Life Scale (SF36). After treatment interventions and three months after the intervention subjects were re-evaluated by the same scales.
Analysis of variance showed that the mean scores of patients'' quality of life in the experimental group had significant change in the post-test and treatment effect was maintained after three months.
According to the results it can be concluded that hope therapy is effective on quality of life of drug-dependent patients in methadone maintenance treatment.

Temperament differences play important role in attachment behavior. Attachment style is main determinant of emotion regulation method which takes shape in childhood in mother-child relationship framework. So purpose of present study was to determine mediating role of attachment styles in relationship between temperament and character dimensions and alexithymia.
The method was correlational research design and statistical population consisted all of female teachers who work in Kermanshah's education in 2013-2014 academic years. The sample include 300 teachers that were chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling and were participated in this research after consent for cooperation and they were asked to complete Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCT ), Toronto alexithymia scale (FTAS) and Adult Attachment Styles Inventory (AII). The data analysis was done by correlation coefficient and path analysis.
According to the results, proposed model for relationship between above variables has acceptable fit. The results of path analysis showed that aspects of innovativeness and harm avoidance and self-directedness temperament have direct effect on alexithymia. Also aspects of innovativeness and harm avoidance and self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence temperament with alexithymia has indirect effect in mediation of insecure attachment styles and there is positive and significant relationship between aspects of harm avoidance temperament, innovativeness and cooperativeness temperament, self-transcendence with anxiety insecure attachment style.
According to findings of this research, we could conclude that unsecure attachment style between temperament and character dimension and alexithymia have mediator role.

The aim of the current study was to examine model of relationship between attachment to parents and perception of conflict between parents with social anxiety disorder with mediating role of emotion-oriented coping strategy.
The study's statistical population consisted all of female high school students of first grade in Tabriz city.The sample of this study was 322 students who were selected by cluster random sampling method. Data were collected by using of parent peer attachment questionnaire, children’s perception of conflict between parents, coping inventory for stressful situations and social anxiety scale for adolescents. Path analysis and bootstrapping were used to examine the direct and indirect paths of original model of research.
Results indicated that attachment to parents and perception of conflict between parents are antecedents of emotion-oriented coping strategy in students. Also present study indicated that emotion-oriented coping strategy was positive predictor of social anxiety disorder. Direct paths of attachment to parents and perception of conflict between parents with social anxiety disorder were not significant.Nevertheless; findings showed indirect paths of attachment to parents and perception of conflict between parents with social anxiety disorder by mediating of emotion-oriented coping strategy were significant. A modified model was also tested and fitted better than original model.
It can be concluded from results of the present study that attachment to parents and perception of conflict between parents can influence children social anxiety in indirect way.

Generalized anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders with high prevalence in community and clinical settings. The aim of this study was to compare personality traits, state- trait anxiety and existential anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and normal individuals.
The research design causal-comparative. The statistical population included all of patients who referred to clinics, psychiatric centers and counseling centers in Urmia and Tabriz cities in the first 6 months of 2015 that among them, 80people were selected by convenience sampling method. This sample was divided into two groups which contain one group of 40 individuals with a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder and the group of 40 normal people. Participants completed Short Form of NEO questionnaire, Spielberger's State - Trait Anxiety Inventory and GoodsExistential Anxiety Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.
The results showed that the mean scores of neuroticism, openness, agreeableness and trait – state anxiety in patients with generalized anxiety disorder is significantly high. Also no significant differences were observed between groups in mean scores of existential anxiety.
The results indicate importance of personality traits and trait – state anxiety among patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Attention of adolescents to their physical appearanceincrease at adolescence period, and the appearance and physical characteristics become increasingly important for them. Therefore is evident that body dysmorphic disorder at this stage of life is higher than other stages of life. Body dysmorphic disorder is chronic and debilitating disorder in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents of Gonabad County in 2014.
The present study was cross-sectional. Statistical population of study was all of boys and girls who were enrolled in secondary schools of Gonabad County in 2013-2014 academic years. Statistical sample consisted of 1,522 students who were selected by stratified random sampling method.The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was used to collect data. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test with SPSS-16 software.
The results showed that 21.8% of them had body dysmorphic disorder. The prevalence of Body dysmorphic disorder was obtained in girls (23/4%) and in boys (20/2%).Results of Chi square test showed that there was no significant relationship between gender and age with body dysmorphic disorder (P>0.05).
The results indicated that the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder is high at adolescents of Gonabad County. Adolescent negative thoughts about appearance causes that individual's performance at school and social environment become less than desirable and show high psychological disturbances.