فصلنامه روان شناسی بالینی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1395)

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of acceptance and commitment group therapy on depression and quality of life in female patients with dialysis.
In this study, as a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group and follow up period, sample subjects were selected by accessible sampling method from among those women who referred to Bushehr Kidney Patients Association. Therefore, from among them, 30 female subjects were selected randomly and assigned into two control&experimental groups (each with 15 subjects). The experimental group received the commitment and acceptance group therapy in eight sessions each of which in one hour and the controlgroup received no treatment. The measurement tools were Beck Depression Inventory and Short Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire that were filled by the participants in the pretest, posttest and follow-up stages. Mixed analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis of data.
Findings showed that there is a significant difference between depression and quality of life among the subjects of the experimental group in pretest, posttest and follow-up stages.
Results emphasize the importance of the use of these interventions in depression and quality of life in dialysis patients and presenting new horizons in clinical interventions and it can be used as an effective intervention method.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania/hypomania and depression.Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) technique originally was developed for emotional dysregulation problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on emotional instability and impulsivity in bipolar patients in Isfahan city.
The present study was a Quasi-experimental research and conducted through the pre-test, post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all bipolar patient referring to private psychiatric centers in Isfahan city from autumn and winter 1393. The research sample included 24 bipolar patients selected through convenience sampling. Based on their tendency to participation in the study, structural diagnostic interview and inclusion criteria,24 participation were selected and were assigned to the experimental and control groups randomly(each group=12 subjects). All participants complete the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (1986) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (2004) as the pre-test, post-test and the follow up stage after a 45 days interval.Data was analyzed through ANOVA with repeated measures.
The results of ANOVA with repeated measure indicated a significant and considerable decrease in the degree of emotional instability and impulsivity scores in the post-test of the experimental group participants. These results were maintained in the 45 days follow-up stage.
According to the results of the present study, dialectical behavioral therapy can be used to reduce emotional instability and impulsivity In addition to medication in bipolar patients.

Intrusive and repetitive thoughts are fundamental components in Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Obsessive- Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). Cognitive structures, schemas and people’s evaluations of their thoughts have consistently drawn the attention of clinical psychologists. Thus, purpose of the present study was to compare early maladaptive schemas and metacognition beliefs in people with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder and normal people.
The Causal- Comparative research method was used in the present study. The sample population consisted of 385 students selectedthrough random cluster sampling and the study was conducted on sample of 127 subjects (including 35 subjects with OCD, 39 subjects with OCPD, and 53 normal subjects. In the first step, all participants filled out Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (Subscale of OCPD),Young Schema Questionnaire- short form (YSQ), Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). In the second phase, participants who gained the necessary scores (127 persons) were interviewed.
The MANOVA test results showed that mean scores in all areas of early maladaptive schemas in the clinical study was significantly higher than normal subjects and among people with OCD are significantly higher than other groups. The same result was also seen in term of metacognition beliefs, positive beliefs, uncontrollability and danger, cognitive confidence and cognitive self-consciousness subscales.
Generally considering earlymaladaptive schemas and meta-cognitive beliefs may provide better understanding of OCD and OCPD.

There are an increasing number of orphans and abandon children who suffer from emotional disorders due to their separation from the family. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional competence training program on improving emotional knowledge, emotional regulation and decreasing aggression in orphans and abandon children.
This study was quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population consisted of all male children aged 4-8 years who do bad supervisor in the maintenance centers of Mashhad.
1- The sample included 18 children with aggressive behavior who were introduced by their teacher and gained scores above mean in Preschool Aggression Questionnaire were assigned in two groups of experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9). The experimental group received emotional competence training for 10 sessions, twice a week for 60 minutes. The control group received no intervention.Urmia Preschool Aggression Questionnaire, Emotional Matching Task, Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment and Vocabulary subtest of Wechsler Preschool and vocabulary Subscale of Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligencewere administered in pretest and post-test.
The results of ANCOVA showed scores of emotional knowledge, emotion regulation in children in post-test of experimental group were higher than the control group.
As well as aggression scores in the experimental group decreased on posttest than control group.The results of MANCOVA for components of emotional knowledge revealed that the component of emotional situational knowledge increased in posttest for experimental group. .
Emotional competence training was effective to increase the emotional knowledge, emotional regulation, and to decrease aggression in orphans and abandoned children. Thus, such training can be recommended to deliver for these children.

Adolescents with physical disabilities are one of noticeable group at different levels of health care. The career of these people has important effect on their empowerment and life satisfaction while method of career decision making of them is not clear and has not been researched.The aim of this study was to investigate career decision making of physically disabled high school students.
In this study qualitative study was conducted by grounded theory. 25 physical disabled students, 13 staff related to disabled people and 10 specialists were chosen by convenience sampling method for interview. Qualitative data was analyzed by expository apriority method and codification.
Findings showed that severity and type of disability, perception of disability, self-awareness, self-efficacy, experiences of career, career's information, supporting network, decision-making skills, coping skills, family's reactions to disability are major categories of students with disabilities in decision-making. Also core part of this study is adaptive transmission's career which is included major mentioned categories. Finally, preliminary decision was to provide students with disabilities.
Based on these findings it can be concluded that career decision making counseling of students with disabilities needs to consider most important components of disabled career decision making.

General anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent anxiety disorders in clinical centers and general population that mostly is chronic. The purpose of this study is investigating of the combined intervention based Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with exposure techniques efficacy on GAD symptomsintensity.
This experimental study was performed in congruent multiple baseline single case study design with six week fallow-up. Four women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) were selected from patients referred to Mahabad university counseling and psychiatric service centers by diagnostic interview and DSM-V Structured Clinical Interview along with using purposeful sampling method. Patients participated in this study after obtaining treatment requirements. The efficacy of treatment Protocol was evaluated in three phase (Baseline, 12 session treatment and 6 weeks follow-up) by using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7) and Anxiety Sensitivity revised questionnaire (ASI-R). Data analyzed with visuals inspection, improvement percentage and reliable change index (RCI) strategies.
Results showedthat combined intervention based Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with exposure techniques is both clinically and statistically (p Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with exposure techniques has appropriate efficacy in reducing of GAD symptom severity.

Tic disorders are the most important disorders in childhood period. Tic is a sudden and inharmonic noise or movment which could be simple or complex. Behavaoiur therapy is one of the treatment methods for this. The present study measured the Effectiveness of Habit Reversal Techniques Training in treatment Motor tics.
the present study is an empirical plan case study using single base line. So, 2 boys with motor tic diagnosis by psychiatrist based on DSM-5 dignosis criteria, were selected by available sampling from Bozorgmehrpsychiatic Clinic in Tabriz city. Each of the participants received habit reversal techniques training for 8 sessions during one month. Present study was performed in framework of empirical plan case study using single base line plan. Patients were evaluated by Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS, 1989) and follow up during 1 month. Data were analyzed by for trend changes, slope, reviewing of charts; also effect size and percentage of recovery were used to determine the clinical significance.
The results of the present study showed that The Effectiveness of Habit Reversal Techniques Training reduced the signs of Motor tics. This Method Reduced the Intensity, Frequency, Complexity and Interference of Motor Tics. Follow-up for one month after the end of treatment showed the persistence of these results.
Habit reversal is one the methods of behavioral therapy which is the most effectivness treatments uesd for tic disorders in children.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of checking control and assurance in reducing illness anxiety in people with illness anxiety.
The current study was a quasi-experimental with pre-test¡ post-test and follow-up design. the statistical population included people with illness anxiety which referred to health or consultation centers of Urmia city in March 2013 to April 2014¡ 30 individuals selected available and divided randomaly into control and experimental groups. Experimental group treated for 10 sessions of 90 minute weekly and control group received no intervention during this period. Tools of this study included Kellner Illness Attitude Scale that in order to collect data conducted in the pre-test¡ post-test and follow-up on the subjects.
analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyzed data. results showed that checking control and assurance couse to reducing patients illness anxiety during post-test( p The study followed two basic first: according to this study checking control and assurance introduse as an effective method in treatment of illness anxiety. second :this therapeutic approach has lasting effects in the treatment of this disorder.

The purpose of this research was to examine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms on male prisoners of Chenaran prison.
This study was quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and control group. The study population consisted of all prisoners of Chenaran prison that 30 prisoners were chosen who were volunteers and meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria then were assigned randomly into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received individual sessions and group training. Assessment measures were administered at 4 stages; pretest, 3 months after treatment, posttest and follow up. Tools includes semi-structured clinical interview (SCID-2) and BPD severity Index. Data were analyzed by using mixed analysis of variance.
The results of mixed analysis of variance indicated that control group in compared with experimental group showed significant reductions in BPD symptoms, especially in excitement instability; however, except for avoidant symptoms abandonment, problems with inter-personality relation & paranoid ideation showed no change.
The present research showed that dialectical behavior therapy can be effective on reducing of borderline personality disorder and this impact is persistent until follow-up.