مجله فنون ادبی
سال سوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 4، بهار و تابستان 1390)

Grotesque is a concept and style in art and literature in which artist or belletrist tries to induce two inconsistent senses of fear (anxiety or repulsion) or laugh (satire or humor) to second person simultaneously. Grotesque, today, describes and manifests distressed and alienation world. It means observing familiar world of strange perspective that shows off it fearful and ridiculous. The most prominent features that make a Grotesque work are as fallow: disharmony, extravagance and exaggeration, abnormality and comic and terrifying. But one of the most important art and literature branches that Grotesque enters in it, is satire and humor that one of its kind is Caricalamatur. Caricalamatur is a kind of short, simple and satire prose that paid attention to around to phenomenon and world by different attitude with aim of foregrounding and based on some people opinion, also, it is defined as a caricature that is expressed by worlds. Grotesque in Caricalamaturs has special appearance particularly in Caricalamatur of Parviz e Shapoor, the pioneer of this style.Grotesque in Caricalamaturs is more the result of two technics of abnormality (paradox), and extravagance and exaggeration and present to it strange and comic and terrifying picture quality. The most important of Grotesque technics in Caricalamaturs are disorder, levels integration, exaggeration, movement, metamorphosis and uses of antithetical and twin.This research has performed by descriptive- analytical method to recognize and investigate Grotesque concepts, how it occurs and its contents in Caricalamatur by evidence representation.

Pun is one of the tools of creating music in speech, and it is one type of extra regulation. Pun has various applications. Although the two conditions of "word agreement "and" meaning differences" are accepted in Pun, sometimes we can see some differences in definitions and examples of it. Historical review of these definitions reveals some drawbacks in contemporary books of Figures of Speech. This article discusses about Short Repetitions, the border line between Rhyme and Pun, and also instances of Derivation.

Masnavi’s narrations are not as Linear narration. In regards this aspect, the significant question is that what are the methods that applied by Molavi- narrator in order to make relationship between separated events and sepuences? In general, these methods can be divided into three groups: The use of these formulas represents the narrator’s awareness of delicate and detailed points of storytelling including spoken narrative and several narrative levels. He intentionally efforts to apply such techniques to preserve the Cohesion of Plats and recall the naratee to setting of interrupted story.

In spite of the fact that there are many instances of deceleration in the narrative of Shahnameh, we can find other instances of acceleration and speeding up too. Reviewing the text of Shahnameh shows that the main factor of speeding up of this narrative is use of the techniques of acceleration in the plot of this story as omission, flashback, iterative telling, multiplying elements and rendering actions fantastic. it seems that the Diction is also an other main factor in speeding up this narrative. Reviewing the narrative of Shahnameh prove that Ferdowsi profits by diction of his book, in the both of dictionary and literary level, the role of dictionary level is much that literary level.

Saeb Tabrizi is one of the well-known Persian poets of (Indian Style). One of his distinctive features lies in his imitation of other poets. In his Diwan, a collection of poetry entitled Boundaries; he has referred to the works of almost eighty poets directly or indirectly. He is second to Molavi, another outstanding Persian Poet, in sampling and imitating Hafiz; the greatest sonneteer of entire Persian world. At least in a number of 29 sonnets, Saeb has directly taken Hafiz as his model with an explicit reference to his name at the end of each sonnet. Besides, in his other 160 sonnets he has followed Hafiz in manner and matter especially in concerning rhyme and rhythm -perhaps in repeated last words of each line too- without ending up with Hafiz’s name. In his collection of poems, sometimes, several sonnets may match with and correspond to one specific sonnet of Hafiz. In this paper an attempt has been made to portrait how Saeb has composed 29 sonnets in a direct imitation of Hafiz’s style in terms of artistic form and content. Generally, one may say, Hafiz,s literary style encompassing his application of specific devices like internal rhyme, pun, repetition, antithesis, equivoque, and allusion makes him appear superior than Saeb. Saeb, however, is judged by the experts to be more prominent than Hafiz in mastering devices such as equivocal appropriateness and borrowing. In the case of “expression” as well, Saeb has employed more metaphors and similes, yet in other aspects they are somehow equal. Off course, it is worth noting to say that Hafiz’s language is a little bit more powerful than that of Saeb. The most remarkable point, by the way, regarding the two great poets is that Saeb is usually said to be a poet of connotation and imagery, while Hafiz is the god of sublime meanings.

One of the writer of the Sixth Century is Zahiri -e- Samarghandi, who owns "Send badname" and "Aghraz-o-syasa". His "Sendbadname" is among the best well-known Persian story works, which has been written with a technical prose and it has affected some of the prose texts. Thus, Considering its stylistics is so important. In the present research, Zahiri,s works have been considered upon three categories: language, literature and thought. From linguistic point of view, it is said that Zahiri,s works comprise some words related to "Fararood" (beyond the river) area. This is the most important feature of Zahiri,s works. In addition, by quoting some phrases, it is shown that the verb "Saxtan" (make) like the verb "gereftan" (take) has been used as the "beginning verb" in his works. In literary aspect, it is believed that literary distinction of Zahiri,s work is indebted to the frequency of so many novelty ornamentation such as all kinds of pun (jenas), "tarsee," and so on. In meaning and content category, I believe that the distinction of "Sendbadname" is its comprising of stories about women trick with erotic direction.

This Study is an introduction to Abou-al-Qasem Payandeh´s short stories style, who is left unuttered literary aspect among the other authors the of this school of writing story in Isfahan. The great fame of Abou-al-Qasem Payandeh owes his translation of Holy Qoran and his works are considered by the critics through his activities in the field of press and translation. Style is a special method that every writer or every poet applies in the literary works, like it or not, in order to express his aims. This theme is different for every author. The special style, that Payandeh uses in his short stories, is emphasized from lingual and literary point of view. The application of archaic language, arabic words, and the idioms, in the frame of simile, allusion and prolixity give a new structure to his stories. The main matter in his story language is the society and the pain of poor people. We examine the stylic representation Abou-al-Qasem Payandeh´s short stories base on Defae az molla Nasr-al-din, (Defending of Mollanas-al-din) Morde keshane Joozan, (Killing the dead Joozan People) Zolemate edalat. (The Darkness of Justice) Then we present a brief analyse about three aspects: lingual, literary and thought

One of the criticisms that have been drafted on the Glossaries which are written in India is the word hoax. Creation of a large number of synthetic combinations of words and disabled poor reading in words and combinations Khagani,s Divan poets. of course some of these words and synthetic combinations in works on Nezami and Khaghani into have been included Persian dictionaries. Since one of the main sources Dehkhoda Dictionary of some Indian dictionary such as this argument is decisive and Jahangiri, most of the books fabricated words the dictionary has been compiled dictionary authors found that in cases of forged and fabricated some of the words and combinations are not. This article analyze,s the composition of these two words, such as in Jahangiri and we have overwhelming proof. First opening its case that is important, word and "Hrbaspan and Hrbasp" Borhane qate and Jahangiri means "planet" that was constructed poetry of Kaghani. in some sources as the Persian equivalent of the word "planet" has been proposed. The second composition analysis, is "nahi dar navad" that is overwhelming proof that include the wrong combination of reading poetry of nezami.