فصلنامه مطالعات و پژوهش های شهری و منطقه ای
پیاپی 23 (زمستان 1393)

Introduction Industrial development strategies which presented in 1950s، is one of most popular strategy to increase the development level of undeveloped regions. In fact development of industrial pole which include large urban، industrial areas and large companies can become a growth center for economic activities and encourage growth in periphery areas. Accordingly، Mazandaran wood and paper industries initiate their activities in 1997 have had positive and negative impacts on periphery rural areas. Since previous study ignored the investigation such impacts، current research aimed to assess the economic، social، environmental and physical impacts of Mazandaran’s “wood and paper complex” on periphery rural areas. Research method This applied research was carried out by questionnaire survey method. The statistical population consisted of 2625 heads of household in 18 villages around the “wood and paper complex” which 350 samples randomly selected by Krejcie and Morgan table. Content validity of the research questionnaire was confirmed by a panel experts and faculty members. Calculated Coronbach Alpha coefficients as indication of questionnaire’s reliability were as equal to 0. 68، 0. 88، 0. 86، and 0. 92 respectively for economical، social، physical and environmental impacts. Using SPSS and EXCEL software، the gathered data was analyzed. Theoretical framework Theory growth pole and growth center formulated and developed by many scientists. According to the concept of growth pole and growth center، public investment programs will have maximum effects on a regional growth if concentrated in a small number of favorable locations in regional development policy. Growth pole and growth center concept has become popular because of its orientation towards ‘dynamic industry’ (i. e. dynamic propulsive firm & leading propulsive industry) ‘polarization and agglomeration’ (inter-industry linkages of external economies) and the promise of ensuring “spread effects”. One of the important characteristics of a leading propulsive industry or growth centers is different effects on periphery areas. Such effects are of two types.  Backwash effects: These include all the negative effects of growth centers. It promise capital، skills and people moved out of backward regions to the developed regions، leaving the latter poor and dry. So growth centers can’t cause of development for periphery areas.  Spread effects: These include all the positive effects of growth centers. These spread effects were those which gave expansionary momentum from the centers of economic expansion to other regions، and were centrifugal in nature. So growth centers can cause of development for periphery areas and the main cause of economic forwardness and regional development has been the strong spread effects and the weak backwash effects Current paper aimed to investigate backwash and forward effects of wood and paper industries in Mazandaran province. Results Results of prioritizing items of physical impacts showed that «development of educational services and facilities in rural areas was most important according to rural people viewpoint. Also “increasing tendency of rural people to work in wood and paper complex” was most social impacts،» increasing employment opportunities in rural areas” was most economical impacts and “reduce in rangeland«was most environmental impacts of “wood and paper complex” on periphery rural areas. The results of on-sample t-test showed that all the four impacts of Mazandaran wood and paper industries were lower than means. Findings of factor analyzing indicated that six factors namely; “social benefits”، “infrastructural benefits”، “environmental costs”، “economic benefits”، “recreational-services benefits” and “social costs” explained %68. 804 of the total variances for impacts of “wood and paper complex” on around rural areas. Current results revealed that; “social benefits”، “infrastructural benefits”، “economic benefits”، “recreational-services benefits” indicated positive effects and “environmental costs”، and “social costs” imply negative effects of “wood and paper complex” on periphery rural areas. Moreover %72. 081 of total effects was positive and %27. 919 was negative effects which revealed that positive effects were more than negative effects. Moreover the results of compare mean tests showed that different groups of rural people didn’t have consensus on the positive and negative impacts. Recommendations  Establish training centers inside of complex to train local people and increase its skill and providing them as expert workers.  Management with cooperation of rural council can introduce activity of complex and attain more support from local community.  Transforming management of training، sport and health center to local people and improve its attitude and satisfaction.  Using infiltration technology or finding location explosion can decrease waste and increase of environmental protection.

Introduction Societal security emotionas a main factors causes to increase swelling، wellbeing and social expectation in urban environment. Security in urban space is one of the urban quality of life indexes. Loss of security cause many crime، social anomy and crises. There is increasing evidence that women and men experience cities in different ways. Therefore gender-sensitive urban design & planning is needed. However، like other built environment occupations، the planning profession has traditionally been ‘gender blind’. 2- Methodology Current research as a survey study focused on satisfaction evaluation of gender perspective in the urban public spaces of female users Shams Park of Tabriz. Field survey and study by time was in summer 2013 in Shams Park of Tabriz. 114 female over 18 years ofTabriz participated in questionaries’ completing based on random sampling method. Data analyzed by Friedman Nonparametric Tests Algorithms in SPSS. 3– Discussion Urban planners typically consult with communities likely to be affected and the views expressed can and do influence outcomes. However، unless planners are gender aware such consultations can unintentionally exclude women in general، or particular groups of them. Where women have been consulted، one outcome has been improved street designs that are different to the standard grid layouts، which tend to isolate women in the home and make it difficult to engage in mutual help، such as supervising children. The results based onFreidman test showed the greatest satisfaction of the residents of how to design of ShamsWomen Park of Tabriz is belonging to variables of appropriate design in inner space of parkthan aristocracy of nearby buildings، vitality and freshness because of design for park interiorspaces، psychological sense of security and peace in the Park.

introduction Transportation is activity that involves people from the beginning of humanity. Transport system helps to people for achieve in different locations، the ability to perform activities and also in the movement of goods in different cities. Distribution of activities in different urban area will cause that people move from land use to another land use، and this leads into travel demand. The travel demand has been derived from major urban land uses distribution such as workplace، education centers، recreational facilities and service centers. Since the distribution of urban land use would be part of the reduction of travel demand can be achieved through land use policies. 2-Theoretical Basis Land use and transportation systems interact and the link to this interaction is through the concept of accessibility which is defined as the extent to which the land-use and transport systems enable groups of individuals to reach activities or destinations by means of a combination of transport modes. The transportation system has an impact on accessibility and accessibility in turn influences the land use system for instance by having an impact on location choice. Land use generates activities such as housing، working، shopping and leisure. The need for individuals to participate in these activities and the spatial distribution of these activities generates the need to travel which has an impact on travel demand leading to impacts on the transport system. It should be noted that the reverse also holds as true، where land use has an impact on accessibility and this leads to changes in the transport system. In terms of urban planning streets or roads and communication networks land uses are most important and sensitive public space in the cities. the allocation of network communication has directly related to urban land use allocation. So that urban land use allocation will be decrease current and future thinking in terms of access as well as significant problems. Because they need access to land and even that is kind of how communication networks and systems in terms of length، width، roadway and sidewalk has been directly effects. 3-Discussion In the research findings effective criteria been evaluated in urban travel generation. these criteria included population، ratio of residential land use to total land use، employment، employment density، 10-64 group ages، students، students density، 0-9 and +65 group ages. These criteria using AHP model Were weighted and then using TODIM model that is one of the best methods for multi-criteria decision were ranking. In TODIM model final values are between 0 and 1، This means that whatever value is closer to 1 had ideal conditions (Ideal solution) for decisions and whatever these values are tending to 0 has not ideal conditions (none ideal solution) for decisions. Finally، with consideration all of travel producers factors that mentioned in this paper، region 3 in Sanandaj 22 municipal regions has been placed in first rank. This region corresponds to the informal settlement areas with population in high residential area and housing in small size. It is natural that a large proportion of the population and households in the region، the number of students at different levels of education are high in compare with other Sanandaj urban regions. also region 15 of Sanandaj municipal regions assigned the final ranking in based on travel producers factors that due to the low residential land use and population in this region، and consequently the proportion of low educational groups، employment rates and congestion and other factors. 4-Conclusion According to studies in the urban travel can be seen that land use and its inappropriate distribution an had important role in the context. In fact، land use distribution is not proportionally to the needs of population areas، thus creating the demand for travel. northern part of Sannadaj city that includes municipal region of 1 to 6، contains old fabric neighborhoods with the highest residential land use ratio and also had high population. Regions 3، 5 and 6 are informal settlements regions and due to high population density these area can be produce very high amount of urban travel. Other regions، particularly southern city of Sanandaj Contains a much better situation because of the new neighborhoods and low population. Finally، it can be concluded that there is a difference in between different region and Enjoyment level in each region can have a positive role in the produce of urban travel. results that can be seen in 3،5 and 6 rgions. 5- Suggestions - The need for integrated land use and transportation planning، looking at both sides look like successful experiences of various countries in this field. - Allocation of land use based on transportation access and development of mixed land use in region scale. - Need to allocating of land uses and distribution services suited to hierarchy of the physical divisions that reduces the residents who travel to other regions. -Investigating the behavior and travel patterns of each type of urban land use.

Introduction Providing Favorable environment Building Away from Unfavorable Climatic conditions is the basic principles of climate Design. Climate and Architecture is a new science that for Exploitation of natural or the aim saving Energy and Create conditions for human welfare use the correct method climatic element for design. Vernacular architecture bazaars Isfahan city is influenced by different environmental factors and visible to in cases such as Type of Plan، Physical characteristics designed to fit the flow of air and sunlight and Applied Materials. So in this study by Using the analysis conformity climate and architecture old and new bazaars Historic fabric of the Isfahan city by using Mahoney method، Reconnoiters Climatic design techniques that is Appropriate with Unfavorable Climatic conditions. 2-Methodology Thy way in this Research is analytic–Statistical that inclusive Meteorological parameters in Period of 30 years. The climate data used is the mean maximum and minimum temperature، Mean monthly and annual temperature fluctuations، the mean maximum and minimum relative humidity and Total annual precipitation. With way Spatial sampling point، four bazaars was selected (Gheysariye، Hasanabad، Golfa، Hajmohamadali). Field Data from Climate Design Compared with Mahoney of climate Design Standards. 3-Discussion In Mahoney method after recording the geographical Specifications that Including Latitude and longitude and Elevation of Sea level in the study site. Status Temperatures Are registered Mean monthly temperature (maximum - minimum) and volatility of monthly and the moisture conditions and Precipitation. In the following Comfort boundary that Composite the average annual temperature values and Group of dampening. Based on The upper limit and the lower limit are characterized the night and day of each month. The mean maximum temperature with About Comfort in day the average minimum temperature About Comfort in day is compared. 4-Conclusion Comfort state set with Wet conditions H1، H2، H3 and Dry conditions. Climatic data synoptic Station Isfahan city by Mahoney shows June، July، August allocate index A2. It shows that Heat causes Unfavorable conditions. Months November، December، January، February and March allocate index A3. It shows that the climate is cool in the environment. Way to deal with this situation is using Energy for heating indoor spaces. Also Two months August and September allocate index A1 that represents a condition Fluctuating temperature is over 10 degrees given these factors، it is necessary the buildings are designed Average heat capacity of materials. 5-Suggestions With Observing Index tables building bioclimatic the results obtained in all the months of the year there is less Human comfort conditions and 3 or 4 months of the year is in comfort conditions. The situation is other months Day and night temperatures in each of the cases more coldly outside and in some of the warmer months. Therefore، in such circumstances without air flow and cooling due to evaporation of particles for people who may not feel comfortable. According to the results easily adjust the amount of feed in Gheysarie and Hasanabad is 93%. The results of statistical analysis show the comfort of conformity with the standard proposed building bioclimatic indices in Hasanabad and Golfa is 58%. So To achieve the goals of comfort the pattern of design is necessary Ecological criteria the design of such buildings Over the past been considers.

Introduction Endowment Good tradition dedicated to one of the best examples of charity and benevolence which man benefiting from the teachings of the prophets، has long been established and used in the social life. On the other hand، with the cities increasing expansion، needs of citizens for city services have been increased. it is also Raised attention to cities development and sustainable development. In between، municipalities requires appropriate utilities financing model with the least undesirable side effects. A good model should be aprised based on justice، transparency، efficiency، sustainability and adequacy assessed. It seems endowment can reach these criteria. This study with aim of identifying factors influencing the citizens increasing participation in the utilities financing of Isfahan city and Identification of the Esfahani citizens material and spiritual motives in such participatory through endowment has been followed. Theoretical bases Price in the cycle of economic activity act such as traffic lights، sets up the production and consumption of goods and services but existence of market failure has led to the definition of public sector in economics. In the cities، to resolve the market failure، there has been established a municipality institution. Municipalities finance duties according to the economic capacity of cities (With the approval of the Town Board or other regulatory authorities) through different ways to obtain state and local taxes. Therefore، to reduce and minimize the adverse effects of economic charges raised need to review and determine the appropriate patterns of urban public financing. It seems endowment has such a capacity. Methodology In this study، Analytic Hierarchy Process or AHP are dedicated to explain the main motivation of the endowment devoted to financing of urban utilities and the intended use. Accordingly، various options include: transport، the environment، cultural interests، and provide the tools needed to implement the construction of culverts، provision of public goods، health، urban furniture، urban revitalization of distressed areas and to avoid disparities in the cities spatial distribution، urban areas and providing security order. Different standards of human decency، reputation and self-seeking skills، enhance sustainable urban structure، heavenly rewards، trust trustee agencies، social belonging، motivation and support، ease the process are dedicated. Discussion Prioritize the objectives is concerned to identify the factors affecting citizens'' participation in the financing of municipal services. Among these factors، the heavenly reward with a considerable distance has the highest rank. This represents the importance of the spiritual aspects between Esfahan people. On the other hand، tend to allocate resources in the health field has the highest rank. So people''s minds can led to supply this need by spiritual motives. The results showed that the main motivation for the dedication of endowment are the heavenly reward، human values، fame and glory، the increase of urban sustainability، social affiliation، skilling motivation، support، confidence and ease trustee agencies respectivly. application Priority in this regard have included the provision of healthcare، cultural affairs، public transport، urban areas، environment، construction of culverts tissue and urban wear regeneration، urban furniture and providing security and order respectivly. Suggestions Municipalities invest on people moral incentives for providing public goods and services. This institution should prioritize the allocation of resources devoted to the provision of local health services، cultural affairs and public transport.

Persian garden is one of the oldest experiences of garden layout and landscaping in the world and the history of building gardens in Iran shows the antiquity and importance of that for Iranaians. Requirement of building gardens in different periods of time، made these different types of Persian garden. Persian garden and its elements help that today''s parks and green spaces don’t be boring and become exciting and fresh like Persian gardens. Today they can be samples and patterns in order to have a readout about Persian garden، but in a case that is proportionate with modern green spaces in today''s life. Persian garden is a cultural، historical and skeletal set that in there water، plants and structures in a certain numeral system are incorporated and create a desirable، safe and calm environment. Technique of water presence and its movement in Persian garden has a special system and is coordinator with garden geometry and structure. Also the plants in Persian garden follow different purposes like shading، yielding and decorating the garden. Center، symmetry، rhythm، view expanse and rectangular geometry are the other features of Persian garden. One of the Esfahan features comaring to the other cities in Iran، is extention of green spaces and spirituous landscapes and creating city garden. In this study there is comparative analysis on spatial elements of Persian garden in designing of Esfahan parks. So، for that we recieved the ideas of the people about features and elements of Persian garden and urban park، and analized the rate of satisfaction in them about gardens and urban parks. Research method is analyzing، descriptive and also 384 questionnaires were prepared from the citizens in 15 zones in Esfahan and experts in organizations like: Parks'' Organization، Municipal and with SPSS software، spatial elements of Persian gardens in urban parks were analized Also parks with features containing spatial identity like: certain geometry، existence of palace and portal، special affluence and lightness in the way of water presence، intensity of shade، discipline in planting trees and etc. can raise citizens'' satisfaction.

Regardless of managers'' emphasis on the criteria for sustainable development to achieve to the proportional and livable city، urban design providers do not consider the practice of these criteria. The purpose of this paper is، to evaluate the developmental plans of Mashhad for how to deal with the sustainable development criteria، especially in the approach of the compactness of the west central area in this city and also to study the compliance or non compliance of the compactness for this city. Therefore، in this study the quantitative indicators of compact city set out by descriptive and analytical method and using the AHP model، and then the developmental projects of Mashhad، especially in the western middle district of the city has been evaluated by compact city approach. Results indicate that the detailed design of the western middle area of Mashhad has obtained the highest rate of compliance with the compact city indicators and development plan earned the lowest score of compactness. According to the plan which was already running، it seems that re-evaluation of the goals and procedures can also prevent the credit losses، it can accrue more appropriate benefits to the city and the citizens.

Nowadays، environmental issues and problems have gained much importance at the national and global levels. Extensive degradation of natural resources، the warming up of the globe، massive immigration into the cities، and heavy reliance on industrial production have caused many problems including air and water pollution، a reduction in the quality of housing، so much so that it was claimed that the carrying capacity of the city of Tehran was reached in 1996 and that its growth and development should have been stopped (Ranjbaran، 2014:81). Base on the reports of international organizations، Iran’s environmental ranking in 2006 was 53 which dropped to 67 in 2008، and further was lowered to 78 in 2010 (quoted in Jafarinia، 1012:13). About the city of Esfahan too، it can be said that it has been the second (after Tehran) most polluted city in Iran and has the highest level of air inversion (quoted in Haghighatian، et al.، 2013). Therefore، the present article aims to study selected variables that can influence the environmental behavior of Esfahani residents. 2- Theoretical Bases The issue of the limitations of natural resources and the need to control population growth، or in other words، the reverse relationship between population increase and the development of natural resources، has a long tradition is social sciences. Thomas Malthus in 19th century warned about the problem of population growth surpassing food production and leading to hunger، famine، disease، and war (Weeks، 2011:79-84). But، given the dominance of an optimistic view about human and its potential for growth، Malthus’s warning were not heeded and different countries of the world rushed toward ever more development and economic and industrial growth. It was in the mid-twentieth century that the detrimental consequences of human activities for the environment attracted some attention. Rachel Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962، protesting the widespread use of chemical herbicides. Garret Hardin wrote “tragedy of the Commons” in 1968، warning about the dire consequences of population increase (Weeks، 2011:87-88). Pressure from the public، forced politicians and industrialists to have a more responsible approach toward the environment، and some regulations were made to reduce these problems (Edelstein، 2002:63). However، most of the programs designed to reduce environmental damage were technologically oriented and were expensive، therefore some looked to alter human activity to help reach this goal (Salehi، 2010). 3- Discussion The research population consists of all the residents who were 10 years old or above of the city of Esfahan that numbered 1663834 in the year of 2011، of which، using the Cochran formula، 376 individuals were randomly selected as the sample. Based on theoretical and research literature، the variables age، gender، marital status، level of education، monthly income، environmental knowledge، environmental attitude، and religiosity were considered as independent variables and environmental behavior was the dependent variable. The research instrument had face validity and the reliability Alpha coefficient for environmental knowledge was 0. 82 that for environmental attitude was 0. 76، for religiosity، it was 0. 86، and for environmental behavior، it was 0. 87. 4- Conclusion Descriptive and analytical results of the research are as follows: -Close to 45 percent of respondents were in the age group of 31-50، 53. 4 percent were male، 31 percent had monthly income less than 1. 5 million tumans، and 46. 5 percent had education level less an associate degree. -the mean for environmental knowledge was 3. 18، that for environmental attitude was 3. 57، for religiosity، it was 4. 92، and for environmental behavior، it was 3. 08. -the relationship between income and environmental behavior was significant and reverse (-0. 18). - -the relationship between education and environmental behavior was significant and direct (0. 052). –the relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental behavior was significant and direct (0. 285). –the relationship between environmental attitude and environmental behavior was significant and direct (0. 167). –the relationship between religiosity and environmental behavior was significant and direct (0. 249). -there was no significant relationship between age، gender، marital status and environmental behavior 5- Suggestions Given the positive relationship between environmental knowledge، environmental attitude، and education on the one hand and environmental behavior، on the other، it is therefore suggested that Iran’s national television broadcast programs that enhance people’s awareness and sensitivity toward environmental issues. Also it is proposed that material concerning environmental problems and issues be taught at school so that the youth become sensitized to these kinds of problems، and that opinion leaders include such material in their speeches and writings so as to encourage people to have more responsible environmental behavior. Research results showed that the environmental behavior of the residents was the medium level and that the variable of environmental behavior was significantly related to religiosity (r= 0. 249)، environmental attitude (r= 0. 167)، environmental awareness (r= 0. 285)، income (r= 0. 180)، education (r= 0. 052)، but no significant relationship was found between environmental behavior and age، gender، and marital status.

Introduction In the development literature have 3 conception of development. 1: the development means of specific collection of activity. 2: the development means of fundamental process of revolution. 3: development means of specific achievement. In fact، the main of aim development is creating one of growth pattern for all people and society، as well as elimination of inequity. The best of development conception is growth with social inequity. For archive this aim need different and great planning in society. The inequity between of region limited development process. Therefore، the planners attempt to change the condition of inequity and promote development amount. The access measurement to common welfare، social service and service optimum distribution between region and country’s counties is very important. In iran، one or several region is developed and they offers service to all counties. The lorestan province with have much natural sources، diversion of climate، high water، high labor، tourism and ecotourism potentials and … don’t have adequate growth in country levels. Therefore، the examination and analysis of developed level of counties lorestan province in term of development indexes for regional planning is very important. 1-1- Objective and question of the study The main of this research is survey grad of counties development of lorestan province in sanitarian and education sectors with used of 39 index. This study seeks to explore the inequity amount between counties of lorestan province. In fact، whether، the inequity between counties is increasing or decreasing? 1-2- Theoretical base Methodology used in this study is analytical – descriptive method. The required data has been collected from different census sources (in 2 period of 1381 - 1387). The 1382 is، one year before of development fourth planning of iran and 1387 is، one year after of development fourth planning of iran. This research does with use of sanitarian and education sector. In the present study factor analyze and taxonomy model has been used for the analysis data، as well as Arc GIS software for the analysis of index (sanitarian and education) spatial distribution on pattern in counties of lorestan. 1-3- Case study This research has taken placed in lorestan province located in south west of Iran. According to 1385 census، this province had 1716527 populations and had 9 counties، 23 cities and 26 regions. The total area of lorestan province is 28157 kilometer square. 2- Theoretical Bases The development theories divided two main group، unbalanced growth and balanced growth. - perro، Hirschman and singer are most theoretician unbalanced growth. This idea growth pole is concentrated. The pole growth theory have considerate on 2 ideas: one of concentrate influence and dispread influence. In the places has not taken placed growth. The growth in taken placed on one of several development poles (concentrate influence). This poles spread development in specific ways of diffusion. That influenced all economic of country (diffusion influenced). (kalantari. 1999:60-70). The main partialist of this theory believe that city spread result to social and economic development in rural. Therefore، we should spread industrial growth in great cities. - Myrdal، Harrison and Misra believe that growth pol theory cannot dispose inequity between different regions. Also، the growth poles increased inequity between regions. Therefore is not good pattern for undeveloped country. The economics of balanced growth theory in different region believe that regional balance development should provide good condition and facilities for comprehensive development all of region and eliminate inequity between regions. 3- Discussion According to analyzed، Poldokhtar، Selsele، Khorramabad and Aligoudarz counties have 1، 2، 3 and 4 grade in 1382 year. These counties located upper development line and named developed counties in educational sector. In this year، Dorod، Boroujerd and Delfan counties have 7، 8 and 9 grade and located lower of underdevelopment line. Therefore، is named underdeveloped in educational sector. The Kohdasht and Azna is located on under development line and named under developing counties. In the 82 years Poldokhtar is most developed and Delfan is least under developed. The inequity coefficient between counties of lorestan is 0. 24 in 82 year. According to analyzed، Selsele، Kohdasht، khorramabad and Poldokhtar counties have 1، 2، 3 and 4 grade in 1387 year. These counties located upper development line and named developed counties in educational sector. In this year، Dorod، Azna and Delfan counties have 7، 8 and 9 grades and located lower of underdevelopment line. Therefore، is named underdeveloped in educational sector. The Boroujerd and Aligoudarz is located on under development line and named under developing counties. In the 87 years Selsele is most developed and Delfan is least under developed. The inequity coefficient between counties of lorestan is 0. 28 in 82 year. Inequity coefficient between counties of Lorestan increased from 0. 24 in 1382 to 0. 28 in 1387 year. In other hand inequity coefficient increased 12. 73 percent. Therefore، developments fourth planning have increased inequity between counties of Lorestan province. According to analyzed، Boroujerd، Khorramabad and Azna counties have 1، 2 and 3 grade in 1382 year. These counties located upper development line and named developed counties in sanitary sector. In this year، Poldokhtar، Selsele، Dorod and Delfan counties have 6، 7، 8 and 9 grade and located lower of underdevelopment line. Therefore، is named underdeveloped in sanitary sector. The Kohdasht and Aligoudarz is located on under development line and named under developing counties. In the 82 years Boroujerd is most developed and Delfan is least under developed. The inequity coefficient between counties of lorestan is 0. 19 in 82 year. According to analyzed، Khorramabd، Boroujerd and Azna counties have 1، 2 and 3 grade in 1387 year. These counties located upper development line and named developed counties in sanitary sector. In this year، Selsele، Poldokhtar، Dorod and Delfan counties have 6، 7، 8 and 9 grade and located lower of underdevelopment line. Therefore، is named underdeveloped in sanitary sector. The Aligoudarz and Kohdasht is located on under development line and named under developing counties. In the 87 years Khorramabad is most developed and Delfan is least under developed. The inequity coefficient between counties of lorestan is 0. 20 in 87 year. Inequity coefficient between counties of Lorestan increased from 0. 19 in 1382 to 0. 20 in 1387 year. Therefore، developments fourth planning have increased inequity between counties of Lorestan province. But this increase is very low. 4- Conclusion In this study development degree of counties lorestan province in two sectors (educational and sanitary) and in two periods (1382 and 1387) with use of two models (Factor analysis and taxonomy model) calculated. The results show that inequity between counties province during development fourth planning in educational and sanitary is increased. But this amount is considerable. In fact with higher investment and equity distribution of facilities we can prevent inequity between counties. 5- Suggestion - According to analyzed in educational sector planners and maneger should must attention to Delfan، Azna، Dorod and Aligoudarz counties regularly. Also in sanitary sector we must attention to Delfan، Dorod، Poldokhtar، Selsele and kohdasht counties regularly. - The distribution of counties facilities and services should be done based on population changes. - The relatively balanced for distribute sanitary – educational facilities and services and balanced dispread all of facility to all of counties lorestan.

Evaluation ofquality of city life in view of citizen (Case study: Amol city) 1-Introduction City areas are the main centers of economical، social and political growth in every country. Today in the areas city،study quality of city life is one of the most important subjects of urban studies that it involves components of social، environmental، and economical (Falahat،2008،10). Iran cities which under the influence of Iranian and Islamic culture acted a as regulated whole on local principle its old system has gone under stagnancy in early 13th solar century whith its joining to the global capitalism system and the arrival of mechanical technology so a kind of social-economical relation different from the past has been made in the old city which is not in accordance whith city-life and modern social-economical spleen dour. As a result، the purpose of this study is to answer the main question of the study that it is based on the condition of life quality indicator and weakness and intensity of each of their triple dimensions in the Amol city. Amol is one of the oldest cities of Mazandaran province. Method of the present study has been descriptive-analytical and gathering data was based on questionnaires that it has been distributed among areas of this city and the questionnaires was in accordance withpopulation who lived in each of the areas. Its Statistical population was included 350 households in Amol city which was randomly selected simple for studying. The Cochran formula was used to determine sample size، and finally the SPSS software and Statistical methods such as the Spearman correlation a Chi square test were used in order to analyze gathered data. 2- Theoretical bases Quality of city life is one of the most important subjects of urban studies that it involves components of social، environmental، and economical. Attending to these indicators is increasing، because of their important role in management، town planning، and in general determination of viability of cities. which have demonstrated themselves as the most attractive areas for creating wealth، empoloyment، creativity and innovation. But these areas face fundamental challenges in the field of physical and environmental destructions social degradation، chaos، unemployment، lack of dwelling and traffic which these problems dramatically decrease city-life quality. However، policy-makers and programmers on national and international level emphasize on city qualities for the improvement of human life quality. Therefore، to salve the problems of burgess and the improvement of his life qualities، a concept with the title of life quality was set forth for consideration and research. 3– Discussion In this study، the neighborhoods and subjects were studied through random sampling. Each questionnaire was given the neighborhoods according to the size and population of them. Also،it is placed In among of the selected neighborhoods of worn tissue and new tissue، which is distributed among them. Questions in the questionnaire were explained in the social، physical and economic، and in the form of a 5-choice. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was used in the internal reliability of the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained 0/75 indicating the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Analysis of data from Spss software testing Spearman correlation، Phi and Cramer and chi-square test check for data analysis and T-test each sample to evaluate the difference between the average theoretical study (figure 3) and the mean responses is selected to each of questions. These tests show that urban in terms of indicator of life quality (Average3. 02) is uper than average level in where citizens were peevish for economical situation (Average3. 05) than others components،social situation (Average3. 17) and Physical situation (Average 3. 13). Also in thisstudy، areas of Paeenbazar،areas Niaki، and Chaksar show more uncomfortable condition than others areas، in field of social health، functional، and economical condition، respectively. 4– Conclusion Results show that level of social quality in triple components of life quality in the Amol city has an average value that is equal to 3/17 and it has higher value than other indices. Also، average value of Environmental and physical factors is 3/13 and economical quality has average value of 3/05. Theses average values have shown a higher quality than mean value. This means citizens have a relative satisfaction for quality of life in the Amol city. These results led to reject the hypothesis that the lack of quality of life in the Amol city and show that economical factors have less quality than others factors. Also، studies in the city show that factors such as age and duration of stay in the neighborhood are more effective in level of social health of citizens. The most important advantage of social health in the Amol city is related to Interested citizens to Amol and their trend to live and stay in their neighborhood. The most important disadvantage of social health in the Amol city is related to low tendency of citizens to communication with their neighborhood and Concerns about the prevalence of drug use in the neighborhood. Moreover، studies show that variable of income level with four times generation of significant relationship has the most effectiveness of citizens satisfaction about environmental quality. Other results، in the Amol city، show that rely on cash subsidies and concerns about its remove have the most effectiveness in increase of level of citizen’s satisfaction about economical condition of households. In index of economical in Amol city، satisfaction of the residents of the state of cleanliness in the neighborhood is maximum and this shows satisfaction of the most citizen about this index. 5– Suggestions In this city، the most grievances of citizens are related to physical quality of the neighborhood and also status of surface water disposal repulse، especially when it is rainy. There is this problem in all northern cities and managers and urban planners of the Amol city must solve it. The other physical problem of the Amol city is citizen dissatisfaction about status of landscape in the neighborhoods. In other study (Khademi،2011)، solutions of this problem، locating and arranging suitable of parks of the Amol city، and small library inside the parks، in were presented. The solution of this problem leads to reduce consumption of narcotics among youth. Implementation plan، organize and revitalize old neighborhoods of the Amol city are reasons for increasing life quality in the Amol city. Results of other study (Khademi2013) has showed that the situation of of worn tissue of the Amol city is caused reduction of level of life quality in the city.