مجله الهیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 5 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

Ekhbarigari doctrine, was founded by Astarabadi in 11th century of Hejirah As we will explain that he had a special theory in faith that Alame found it a very interesting subject to work on. We should know, Allame showed that he had the knowledge in faith studies from Astarabad’s theories but without all the ambiguities in them, he tried to work on making his theories clearer and more correct.So we can differenciate between Astarabadi and Allame’s theories in faith study and name the allame’s theory as a very special theory in Isfahan Ekhbarigari doctrine, but the most important thing that we try to discuss in this article is proving that Mullasadra has a very important part in balancing and moderating the Allame’s theories. So for saying and proving all these things we should start from a summary of the Astarabadi’s theories.

On the basis of "Atonement doctrine", Christ’s severe suffering and sacrificial death led to God’s forgiveness of mankind’s sins. There are several theories on this doctrine, the most important of which are three: “Ransom Theory”, “Moral Exemplar Theory”, and “Satisfaction Theory”. This paper presents a brief introduction to these theories and a critical consideration of challenges and answers to them. To this aim, this paper considers the answers of Thomas Aquinas, Philip Quinn and Richard Swinburne. The paper shows that the Atonement doctrine cannot be logically defended and each of the answers to its difficulties causes new challenges and antinomies. Nevertheless, the Swinburne’s theory has less difficulties than the others, although it also cannot answer to some important questions.

Basically speaking, saintliness is considered as a commented and valued issue allotting to religion realm which without the presence of such a meaning, no religion is worthy of its name.This article aims to consider the normative prepositions related to holy places and times in three sacred books: Quran, Pentateuch, and Gospel with their similarities and differences. A specific software program is used with quantitative and qualitative research method to process and analyze the data by means of a profound content analysis method.As a result of searching in these three sacred books, 10396 normative propositions were found which are categorized in 123 sections. One of these sections includes 295 prepositions with the content of holy places and the other one has 301 prepositions with the content of holy times.Therefore, 5.7 percent of the dos and donts of these three books presented in tables of this article is based on the norms of holy places and times. According to these tables, Pentateuch considers do's and donts in our relation and holy places as well as us and holy times more than the two other books. In a section of holy places, the share of normative prepositions related to us and sacred objects is more in Pentateuch rather than Quran and Gospel. However Gospel compared to the other books has more relevant norms related to places of worship like churches and synagogues. Additionally, the least normative propositions related to us and holy times could be found in Gospel. The normative prepositions related to religiously prohibited months are just seen in Quran.This article lists 596 normative propositions with their identity numbers by representing the exact address of the source of verses.Eventually, a symmetry model of fivefold contents of places and times norms in three sacred books is computed and designed. Factors to be taken in to accounts in this model are reaching to coefficient correlation of 0.7 between the contents of Eids and holy times with holy objects and places.

Among different arguments for the existence of God the Kalam cosmological argument is a very famous one which is elaborated by Professor William lane Craig. Craig claims that the universe began to exist, then he continues to say: everything that begins to exist has a cause and therefore the universe has a cause. But how do we know that the universe began to exist? This premise forms the most important part of Craig’s contention, and he bolsters it by four arguments, the first two are driven from philosophy and the other two, which he prefers to name them “confirmations from sciences” are driven from sciences; the first one evokes to big bang theory and the seconds to the second principle of thermodynamic which are respectively adopted from cosmology and physics.In this essay we are going to survey Craig’s arguments and estimate their value and weight.

The design argument faced with big different writings in its Western background so that these writings have essential difference with each others. The design argument is posteriori demonstration for the existence of God which by analogy or induction and partial or general instances of the order in nature tries to affirm the intelligent designer. Since the concepts of design and end have firm connection with each other in the Western writings of this design but the concepts of purposiveness of divine acts, purposiveness of nature and its best system is assumed the same with each other and obvious confusion has been made between the design argument with the teleological argument and the best creational system.The aim of the article is to consider order in the world based upon the united components of a system (design argument), final cause (teleological argument) and best system (best creational system argument) and also to manifest the connection and distinction of these three reasoning.

The present article studies the notion of the virtues from Kant and Farabi's point of view, comparing the similarities and differences on this issue in their philosophy, concentrating on the following questions:What is the virtue? What is its origin? Is it acquired or innate? In case it is acquired, what are the conditions of its possibility? Whether virtue is relative or absolute? And what is its relation to the Good, Golden means, Wisdom, and will?

The possibility or impossibility of vision of God is exciting and complicated question which has allocated itself various views along Islamic thought. What become obvious from Islamic Gnostics sayings and shia imam’s demonstration and statements is that they know the sensible vision and intellectual vision of God impossible.They just know allowable the heartfelt vision which is the result of purity and safeness of inner faculties and therefore the verses of Quran about the vision of God or prophet’s requesting about sighting of God have interpreted to heartfelt intuition.This paper briefly reviews some Islamic theologies ideas with respect to their Quranic demonstrations and commentators views on this issue and comparing their understandings from Quranic verses whit each other specially verse 143 of sura Araf, in addition to speak about the meaning of intuition vision and its truth, its order, how human can be achieved that position with respect to three principles: "unity of being, velayat, love" and whit the centrality of holy Quran, hadiths and imam’s statements. Therefore in this paper it will become obvious what is the meaning of intuition vision from Gnostics point of view and it’s the result of manifestation of God’s attributes which man can achieve to intuition position.