فصلنامه روانشناسی تربیتی
سال هفتم شماره 22 (زمستان 1390)

Many students believe that Physic's teaching is an abstraction that is difficult to learn. Therefore, this is necessary for learner's utmost good faith to their ability to solve problems in Physics. This study aims to probe the effectiveness of searching model on student's self-esteem beliefs in solving Physics problems. This study is quasi-experimental design of pretest-posttest with two control groups. The statistic society includes all the basic high school male students of Fariman town in Khorasan Razavi province, in the academic of year 2011-2012. Paired t-test results on the effectiveness of the pattern on the search showed that the rate of self-efficacy scores between the pretest and posttest in experimental group is significantly different from (t= -4.44, p<0/001), so knowledge of self-efficacy scores of experimental group and the other components of the test scores were higher in pre-test. Given the above findings, we conclude that the search pattern, self-esteem of students in their ability to solve problems in Physics teaching, was increased. Therefore, employing this model in teaching high school students is recommended.

Test anxiety involves the unpleasant experience of worry and emotionality in situations where the person feels he or she is being evaluated. The aim of the present research was to compare the efficacy of trainings of cognitive-behavior and emotion regulation skills on self-efficacy and academic adjustment of students with test anxiety. This study was an experimental research with pre-test and post-test and control group. The sample of consisted of 60 girls with test anxiety randomly selected from the subjects who were diagnosed as with test anxiety. Subjects were assigned randomly to two experimental groups and one control group. Two techniques were used for training: cognitive-behavior training and emotion regulation skills training. The instruments employed in this research were Clinical interview, Test Anxiety Inventory, Self-efficacy Scale and California test personality. The results showed that two methods training cognitive-behavior and emotion regulation training were significantly effective in reducing test anxiety and increasing self-efficacy and academic adjustment. The important implication is about training of cognitive-behavior strategies and skills coping with emotions in prevention of test anxiety and improvement psychology health of student.

explicit and implicit memories are two types of long-term memory which have an important role in our daily life and cognitive activities. Here, the effect of attention, processing level and learning style on these two memories are in consideration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of attention, processing level and learning style on explicit and implicit memories. The research population comprised 200 university students at Science, Engineering and Human sciences faculties of Ahwaz University. This study was an experimental research which conducted in four stages. At first stage, participants were divided into four groups by taking Learning Style Inventory. At Second stage, The participants were shown a task contain of 20 frequent words, At third stage, participant on Focused or Divided Attention and Shallow or Deep levels of processing situations completed the Recognition Test of Explicit memory. At fourth stage, they completed Word-fragment Completion Test of Implicit Memory. Results showed that the highest score of explicit memory belong to Focused attention on deep level of processing situation of Divergent learning styles. The lowest score of explicit memory belong to Divided attention on shallow level of processing situation of accommodate learning styles. The attention and level of processing had no effect on functions of implicit memory and were different on learning styles, but the explicit memory had lowest scores on divided attention and shallow level of processing. These results suggest some considerations regarding the impacts of attention, processing level and learning style in explicit and implicit memories which will be discussed in this article.

Spiritual intelligence has become one of important issues in psychological investigations. The present study considers its relationship with teacher's organizational citizenship behavior. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. 234 teachers of high school in Zanjan city were selected by cluster randomly sampling method. They responded two questionnaires: King Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) and Podsakoff and et al Organizational Citizenship Behavior (1990). Data were analyzed through Pearson correlation and stepwise regression methods. The results revealed that, there was significant and positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational citizenship behavior. The components of spiritual intelligence (critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, conscious state expansion) explain teacher’s duty and altruist. The components critical existential thinking, personal meaning production and transcendental awareness explain teacher’s respect and overall OCB. The components personal meaning production and transcendental awareness explain teacher’s patience. Also, the components conscious state expansion and critical existential thinking predict teacher’s social customs.

The nature of help-seeking behavior is complex and multidimensional and has been investigated by researchers from various disciplines such as sociology, psychology. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between identity styles and social well-being with help-seeking behavior of high school students in mathematic subject. The sample includes 131 high school students in Tehran city in the academic year of 1388-89. They were selected by multiple step cluster sampling method. The research instruments were Identity Styles Inventory of Berzonsky (1989), Social Well-Being Inventory of Keyes (1998), and Help-Seeking Inventory of Rayan & Pintrich (1997). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and linear multiple regression. Results showed that social acceptance among five components of social well-being (solidarity, acceptance, participation, actualization, and adaptation) with all three identity styles (informational, normative, and diffuse / avoidant) could predict avoiding help-seeking in students. Thus, social acceptance, normative and informative identity styles had decreasing role, and avoidant identity style had increasing role in changes of students in mathematic. Among eight predict variables, five variables includes social participation, social actualization, avoidant, formative and informational identity styles could prediction help-seeking behavior of students in mathematic. Social solidarity, social adaptation, and social acceptance hadn’t any role in explaining of help-seeking. Based on these findings, we can suggest some practical implications regarding student's help-seeking behavior in mathematic

Oral classroom questioning is a part of educational process and have a positive effect on learning if can be applied correctly. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of several oral questioning techniques on learning mathematics and on student’s interest toward mathematics. For this,25 mathematics class of high school male students from 5 educational field of Tehran city were selected(5 class from each field that had the same teacher).Teachers were thought that perform one of this procedures in each classes:1-class without classroom questioning,2-class with high cognitive level questions(upper than knowledge level),3-class with feed back for questions,4-class with selecting students for answering several seconds after explaining the question,5- class with questions in knowledge level, without feedback and selecting students for answering before explaining the question. After teaching mathematics in these ways for 10 sessions, a math exam and an interest questionnaire about math carried out. Data were analyzed with analyze variance and follow-up tests. Results indicated that when students select for answering the question several seconds after explaining the question, the rate of learning is meaningfully more than the time that there isn,t any classroom questioning or when classroom questioning perform with questions in knowledge level, without feedback and selecting students for answering before explaining the question. Also, there was a meaningful different between interest of students without classroom questioning and students with selecting students for answering several seconds after explaining the question. If oral classroom questioning can be applied professionally correct, it has a positive effect on Math learning and liking.

the main aim of this research was to study the role of self- esteem, components of loneliness in prediction of students’ academic achievement. The sample was 281 students (141 boys, and 140 girls) which were selected by clustering random sampling. The subjects were asked to answered the Loneliness Fillings Scale and Kooper Smith’s self-esteem Questionnaire. The results showed that self-esteem and loneliness were significant predictors on academic achievement. Also, there was negative significant correlation between self esteem and loneliness. Other results showed that the mean scores of self esteem and affective symptoms of loneliness of girls were significantly higher than the boys’ mean scores. in sum, the results represented the importance and the role of need to self-esteem as a potential variable for helping to students in order to cope with their affective-social loneliness experiences and academic achievement.