نشریه مطالعات اخلاق کاربردی
سال ششم شماره 22 (تابستان 1395)

Important issues such as the proper relationships between the spouses in marriage and in various aspects, including behavioral dimension, are of necessary cultural needs of each society for the protection of the family to which both science and religion have paid attention. Also, certain foundations and characteristics in both areas have been suggested for this topic. This research aims to study the ethical principles suggested by the Quran for regulating the behaviors of Muslim spouses.
In this paper, using the deductive-analytic method, the good companionship or as the Quran says, socializing with Ma’ruf, was selected as the pivotal ethical principle suggested by the Quran for treating the spouses. This principle can contain all the spouses’s treatment towards each other. Also in this paper it has been concluded that all the spouses’ behaviors can be a subset of the three concepts of reverence, negligence and opposition each of which is considered an ethical principle by itself.

Within the lifestyle of the Shiite eighth Imam, Ali bin Musa al-Reza, very delicate and thoughtful referring has been made to the components of human morality which indicate how profoundly he would ponder as an Imam and how precious they can be in the Islamic society. Such teachings can be very rich sources used in nurturing the next Muslim generation.
Also, in the poetry of Abi al-'Atahiyah, the poet of the Abbasid time, the same moral contents can be traced, the issues which reflect the political,
economical, and cultural situation of the society of that time and can also be reminiscent of the verses of the Quran and the Imam's pure thoughts. The purpose of this comparative study which was done through descriptive-analytical method, is to investigate the ethical approaches taken towards a perfect man in the light of Imam Reza's precious sayings and Abi al-'Atahiyah's wise poetry.

The possibility of variability is one of the fundamental issues discussed in the ethics. The fact that human moral values can be varied may have important consequences and will affect issues like individual and social moralization and salvation-centered life and other educationl subjects. Thus, the experts of ethics have paid attention to it beside other ethical and educational topics. In this study the subject of variability of ethics from the perspective of Ragheb Isfahani will be discussed.
Ragheb believes that man's moral-orientation is based on both his nature and education. The ethical behaviours stemming from education can become man's secondary nature. The morality which is based on the nature can either occur through God's grace or other natural causes. The term divine grace indicates a specific tendency of Ragheb in avoiding exclusivism. He argues that if a man's moral system is the result of divine grace and natural factors, the man's moral values will never vary.
But in the latter mood, since man's qualities are rooted in his habits and are gained through education, they can be varied or modified. In this regard, Ragheb is in agreement with the view accepted by Aristotle, Galen, Stoics and Ibn Miskawayh. He points to other factors as well. Ragheb's suggested process of this subject and the criticisms of his arguments have been included in this article.

The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between socio- moral responsibility and belief in a just world and belief in an unjust world. Research method was correlation, statistical population was the students of Islamic Azad university of Najafabad and Esfahan (Khorasgan) branches, and sample group consisted of 374 students (male and female) which were randomly selected with the use of two stage sampling. Sampling was done in a way that in the first, two classes were selected from each department, and then with respect to male and female students at both universities, the final sample was randomly selected. Research questionnaires were socio–moral responsibility scale (Collin, 2006), belief in a just world for self and others questionnaire (Sutton & Douglas, 2005), belief in an unjust world questionnaire (Dalbert et al, 2001) and general belief in a just world questionnaire (Dalbert, 2001). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed that there are significant relationships between some dimension of socio-moral responsibility and some aspects of belief in a just world and belief in an unjust world. The results of regression analysis showed that only belief in a just world for others has significant predictive power for the prediction of responsibility toward promise and total socio-moral responsibility.

The root of many of the behaviors and activities of the principals and teachers in the schools should be probed based on ethical and moral values. Meanwhile, attention to professional ethics and its implications are the basic researching issues in the organizational areas. The present work tries to evaluate the professional ethics and its components among the teachers working in state male primary schools in Tehran. The method of the research is descriptive and the type is correlation. The population includes all teachers in state male primary schools in Tehran which includes a population of 7848. 366 people were selected through Kukran sample making formula; sampling was done through cluster and class methods. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire for professional ethics and to determine the validity of the questionnaire the content and construct validity were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, professional ethics, "0.94". The results showed that: 1. All the components of professional ethics were above average in all aspects, except for justice component that was equal to the average hypothesis of this research. 2. Male and female teachers of the same professional ethics as well as professional ethics of teachers based on field of study, degree, age and work experience differences are not significant but there are significant differences by region.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between ethics and organizational trust with regard to the teacher's psychological empowerment. The study population consisted of all secondary school teachers of public schools in the academic year 1392 to 1393 in five regions of Tabriz education bureau, the number of whom was 2,100. The sample, based on the Morgan table included 322 people, who were selected by random sampling cluster ratio. Descriptive , correlational method was used in this study.
To collect the data the questionnaires of professional ethics, organizational trust of Seyed Jajvadayn (1388) and psychological empowerment questionnaire of Spreitzer
(1995) were used. Reliability coefficient of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha was as follow: for professional ethics (α =0.93 ) and institutional trust (α=0.88) and psychological empowerment (α= 0.87), respectively. To analyze the data the Pearson correlation and the SPSS22 software was used.
The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between professional ethics and its components and psychological empowerment. Also there is a meaningful relationship between organizational trust and psychological empowerment of the teachers. Also, regression test results indicate confirmed linear relationship to predict the psychological empowerment organization based on professional ethics and trust. The results of this study show that there are significant differences between male and female teachers in variables such as accountability, truthfulness, justice, loyalty, hegemony and competition, respect for others, compassion for others and self-organization, there are significant differences. While there is no significant difference between them in respecting the values and norms in terms of social and psychological empowerment.

The present study aims at identifying the relationship between religiosity and living quality and educational performance of the sophomore students of high schools. This research is a correlation. The population in this study includes all secondary school students in the city of Babol. Among the total168 students, 87 are girls and 81 are boys. The population was selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The instruments used in this study are health-related quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) and the questionnaire of religiosity by Glock and Stark (1965). To measure the educational performance of the students, their final average was considered too. The test results of Pearson correlation show that there is a significant relationship between religiosity and educational function of students and their quality of life. It can also provide useful tips for policy makers in the field of education.

Today, social networks have grown up all around the world and have had an increasing influence on the lives of their users. The growth and popularity of online social networks, has created a whole new world of collaboration and communication. More than a billion people around the world have been connected to each other to communicate and collaborate and expand their knowledge .
Today, social networks have become an integral part of the lives of people and organizations in a way that peaople's real-life is influenced by them. In this article, given the advantages of social networks, their impacts on the improvement of the Islamic Iranian lifestyle have been studied.
In cultural studies, lifestyle is a collection of baehaviours and acting patterns in every individual. Based on the findings of the study, considering the great tendency of the youth to using social networks, it is possible to take advantage of such networks to promote Islamic lifestyle. It is also possible to develop an Isamic Iranian lifestyle by designing websites or blogs or creaing cultural networks.

At present, the basic concern of parents is their children's education, Islam would offer proper teachings and Imam Ali taught people useful material for educating children. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the principles of parenting as they were described by the Prophet. The study is a descriptive, analytical research. The data was collected through library method and by notetaking the important material was collected and then analyzed. The results show that the dignity, freedom, love, respect, ethics, attention to individual differences slowness of education, and playfulness are all the basic principles of Imam Ali's method in educating his children.

The relationship between men and women existed from the beginning of creation and the human being has gained much of his knowledge about his gender identity in relationship with his opposite sex. Thus, it can be said that the concept of gender and the differences between men and women has always been the subject of attention within all societies. The present study using the exalted teachings of Islam is seeking to derive the proper messages out of the sex differences considered by Islam in education, since these teachings are devoid of any deviation and can be regarded as the best means for taking human being to the salvation.
For this purpose, the Quranic verses and Imam's sayings in this regard were collected and analyzed. There are some differences considered by Islam with regard to the sex differences. These differences not only are considered as discrimination between men and women ,but also can lead to the establishment of a healthy atmosphere for both individual and social life of people. In interpreting the sex differentiating imposed by Islam, the natural distinctions existing between men and women and their different duties and other expediencies should be noted so that the borderline between discrimination and natural differences is clarified. Such differences can lead to the formation of different duties and functions which can have outstanding consequences in the education process.

We encounter different approaches and tendencies in the history of Islamic education. Although they all refer to the Quran and Traditions as their sources, each one has considered the term education and its relevant concepts from different angles. The study of such educational principles is important because by reviewing these opinions one can consider the educational subjects more profoundly and more practically.
Also by getting familiar with the present defects and deficiencies, one can reveal the reality of these tendencies. One of these tendencies is the narrative approach which can be found in its excessive from among the Salafis and Wahabis and other extremist Muslim groups. These groups, stressing on the Holy Book and the Sunnah, try to preach their wrong educational methods among different people including the youth.
Now, considering the importance of ethical education, this question may be asked: what are the criteria of ethical education in narrative approach? Has this approach paid attention to such criteria or not?
This study, using an analytic approach seeks to answer these questions. The outcomes of the narrative approach in educating and its negative results will be discussed here.