نشریه معرفت سیاسی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 20، پاییز و زمستان 1397)

The determination of the cognitive foundations of a thinker takes place in a variety of conditions. The structure of political thought is one of those conditions. The firmness of the universal thought of a thinker on his cognitive foundations and frameworks is such that some scholars consider the history of political systems and thought as the history of identifying cognitive systems. The status, limits and borderlines of demonstrable reason among the sources and means of knowledge have been the source of various branches in theology and political philosophy. Given that Ayatollah Javadi Amoli is one of the well-known thinkers of the Islamic world, the main question in the research is that, how the cognitive requirements of Javadi's demonstrable reason are determined in his political theory? The hypothesis of this article is that, equating of the demonstrable reason and religion in the political thought of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, with an emphasis on the complementary role of the revelatory source, has led to the convergence of reason and revelation in response to the current socio-political problems. Using a desk-research and documentary method, with a content analysis approach, this paper seeks to prove its claim. Research findings indicate that Javadi's politics is a demonstrable politics, which has considered the definitive achievements of empirical reason, the faculty of imagination and abstractional intellect in the field of politics as part of the religious orders, and eliminates its intrinsic shortcomings with the revelatory politics.

Several explanations have been provided by theorists on the concept of "justice" based on "equality", "worthiness", or "right". On justice as a "right," theorists have also provided notions of justice as "natural right" or "contractual right". Each of these theories has provided different ideas about the nature of justice and the ways of its realization in society. The theory of justice based on the innate right, is more extensive and comprehensive than competing theories by presenting a general view of "justice" with regard to the most basic and important needs and human rights. According to this theory, the right in the most basic and status, is not a natural and contractual issue, but intrinsic and innate one.  Paying attention to the innate features of the right provides the conditions for proposing an acceptable and applicable universal concept of justice.

The theory of "electing by majority" is regarded as one of the major theories in political legitimacy. This theory, while having a different version with its western form, has been considered and proposed by some Shia Jurists. According to this theory, in Shi'a political jurisprudence, the vote and the will of the majority are involved at the time of Occultation as a part or the whole of cause in political legitimacy. It seems that, the main doctrine of this theory is the rule of nafy al-sabil (denying the domination of unbelievers over believers). Given the importance of this rule in proving the theory of "electing by majority" this article discussed the implication of this rule with a "critical-analysis" approach to show that the above rule does not have correlation with the right to grant it to another one and, consequently, according to it, the people's right to grant legitimacy to the political ruler cannot be proved.

Undoubtedly, society is the room of human perfection and happiness; but this room has been suffering from damages during his life, which has created problems on the path to human happiness, identifying the influential factors in this issue is one of the requirements of the scientific society. Accordingly, using descriptive-analytical method and focusing on historical documents and evidence such as Nahj al-Balagha, the elite's influence on social harm has been discussed in this paper. Given that sedition is one of the most important examples of social damages and in some way the source of many other damages, it is considered as the subject of the study to show, through historical and social evidence, how political and cultural elites can put society and its values at risk and ruin.

The governance of cyberspace is one of the newly added topics to the political science and law. The governance of existing cyberspace, which is organized in the bed of the global internet, is one of the most challenging issues of the contemporary world. The religious nature of the Islamic Republic of Iran requires that, to propose the duties of the Islamic government in the management of cyberspace with regard to the foundations of Islamic jurisprudence. The principles of the constitution, derived from the dynamic Islamic jurisprudence, indicate that the Islamic Republic system has duties; such as: denial of domination, rejection of colonialism totally, prevention of the penetration of aliens, providing the conditions for self-sufficiency in the fields of science, technology and industry and creating suitable conditions for the growth of moral virtues. Using a descriptive-analytical and Ijtehadi method, and given the dominance of the aliens on cyberspace in two platforms of structure and content, this paper seeks to study the important duties of the Islamic Republic system towards this new phenomenon such as, creating the national information network, establishing the system of Imamate and the Ummah through co-operation with other Islamic countries, under the light of the juridical rule of "nafy al-sabil" (denying the domination of unbelievers over believers) and the constitutional principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Quran is the source of all political policies of the Islamic system. The Quran has forbidden the relationship with Satan. The devil, who is the sworn enemy of the human being, is not an individual, but a title for a set of characteristics; such as: enmity with religion and Divine leaders, promoting hostility among the servants of God, abjuration, corruption, deception and misleading. The issue is that, how Satan can appear every time, in the form of a person, group or government? What was the criterion of Imam Khomeini, which adapted "the Great Satan" to the United States, and the Supreme Leader, who emphasized on this idea? Proving the claim based on the Quran will require a ban on relations with the United States. Using a descriptive-analytical and comparative method, this paper shows that, the ideas of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader are based on the Quranic foundations. The institutionalization of this idea requires resistance and the fight against this dangerous enemy. Of course, due to the human appearance and the possibility of deceiving public opinion, in some cases, a kind of interaction with the human devil to weaken his front, may be necessary based on the strategies of leadership of the Islamic system.