فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه فناوری
سال سوم شماره 3 (زمستان 1394)

Inter-organizational learning is one of the main sources of knowledge acquisition and development. Because of the limitation in financial, managerial and technological capacities in developing countries, they benefit from participation with international companies in executing their infrastructure projects. This would provide developing countries with plenty of opportunities for transferring and learning different capabilities such as project management. With inductive approach and by using a structured design of grounded theory, this study identifies important concepts and parameters in inter-organizational learning and presents their relationships in 6 propositions and a conceptual model. The results indicate that inter-organizational learning of project management capabilities requires attention to “intent of local companies to inter-organizational learning” as the core category, the level of foreign partner capabilities in project management, tendency of local companies in developing project management capabilities and commitment of employers to executing project management process as inter-organizational learning antecedence. Learning capacity of local companies, teaching capacity of foreign companies and communications and interactions between them are identified as learning context which is effective in learning level of tangible and intangible project management capabilities by using appropriate inter-organizational learning mechanisms.

In recent years, knowledge importance leads to knowledge-based economy. Knowledge-Based economy is a type of economy that production and knowledge have an important role in wealth and value added creation. In this Structure, commercialization of innovative projects and ideas is important and in commercialization process, the accurate and close to reality valuation has a fundamental role.
In this paper, based on literature review, we propose a valuation model for Techmarts, as an important part of technology and know-how markets. In Techmarts, technology, know-how and innovative ideas are presented and transferred between supply and demand parties.
According to the proposed model, the valuation of know-how is based on two group of factors those are before and after market entry factors and final valuation is based on weighted combination of these two factors. To validate proposed model, we evaluated a case of know-how (Barium Carbonate) and the results were confirmed by experts.

Systematic Attitude to triple helix, combines interactions between industry, university and government in the form of innovation system and covers structural and functional concepts of innovation system. In this study, we have tried to investigate the systematic approach to triple helix, , a gap analysis of this system in the country's defense industry. The research is descriptive. The study population consisted of experts of three areas of university, industry and government in the defense industry and 30 were selected for the survey. In the present study, for studying the triple helix system, and a gap analysis was used and to determine the significance of differences by Student's t test of SPSS software and spider diagram. The results show that there is a significant difference between the average situation (perceptions of respondents) and the average optimal situation (expectations of respondents). The gap between the functions of the triple helix is more significant than others that require more serious attention to these domains.

The main purpose of this study is future studies of application software especially in Iran. To develop and design scenarios of industry in the future, the most important factor is identification of the key uncertainties. Therefore, the key uncertainty in the field of software applications technology identified and described by scripting the future of this industry will be discussed. This research is done in two levels: a literature review of articles and news of new technologies as well as interviews and surveys with experts. . First, drivers affecting future software applications was found that after the survey of experts, three uncertainties was determined and four scenarios by using scenario wizard software applications and matrix interactions among uncertainties were identified. Finally, after the verification and validation by experts, to the outputs achieved were identified future scenarios. scenarios studies comprehensively and strategies was presented.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of knowledge acquisition methods on Iranian entrepreneurs’ business innovations in greenhouse agricultural industry in the Pakdasht city of Tehran Province. In terms of research goal, the research is applied research, and In terms of data collection, is descriptive survey. Data was collected using a questionnaire containing questions about knowledge acquisition (from social networks, from management practices, and from teaching and learning), entrepreneurial alertness, and entrepreneurs’ innovation.
The research population included 600 business owners and managers from greenhouse agricultural industry in the Pakdasht city Tehran Province. The calculated number of research sample was 234. About 270 questionnaires were distributed, and 247 returned and analyzed using SPSS and Lisrel (Pls) softwares. Using Structural Equation Modeling technique to analyze data the research findings revealed that knowledge acquisition methods including: management practices , teaching and learning methods, each in order of importance, and significantly affect entrepreneurs’ innovation of research population; and this impact is adjusted by entrepreneurial awareness as intermediate variable. Knowledge acquisition from social networks has no effect on entrepreneurs’ innovation knowledge acquisition from management practices has the greatest impact on entrepreneurs’ innovation.