نشریه رهیافتی نو در مدیریت آموزشی
سال هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1395)

Development of school principals and the implementation of related programs is one of the important tools in changing and transforming the education system and it directly and indirectly leads to raise productivity and developing manpower in society. The purpose of this study was designing a Conceptual Model for Development of school principals in Fars province. This study was a qualitative study using grounded theory and strategy-based. In this regard, purposeful approach was used and the theoretical saturation criterion, semi-structured interviews with 21 people from elementary school principals Fars province was applied. To obtain reliability and validity of the data, two methods of review participants and review of Experts non-participants in the study were used. Data analysis in three stages, open coding, theoretical coding, and selective coding indicates the 16 categories of the paper results in a paradigmatic model including causal conditions (the need for continuous improvement, fundamental changes in knowledge and information, issues financial and welfare), the main phenomenon (Collaborative development program), strategies (development centers in the departments of education, administrative procedures direct and indirect), context (the Open and supportive climate, corporate culture, new technologies), Intervening conditions (regulations facilitator, teacher competence) and outcomes (personal and professional development of administrators, student achievement, school development as a learning organization and training of creative and empowered citizens) have been analyzed.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the partnership of parents, teacher and students on the academic performance of students in the 3th grade of high school. The method of the study was quasi-experimental with pre and post-tests and the control group. The treatment was "successful triangular" to evaluate the partnership of parents, teacher and students. The statistical population of this study was the students in the second and third grade of high school in Fars province. They were selected by cluster random sampling method among the cities. The sample consisted of 781 students who were selected from Shahed high school in Shiraz, Fasa and Kazeron. The data were collected and used by the workbooks of students in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 academic years. In order to analyze the hypotheses, the Covariance Method was used as the statistical analytic method. The results of data analysis indicated that the application of "successful triangular" caused the improvement of student's academic performance. In applying the successful triangular among both groups, there was a significant difference in the academic performance of boys. In applying the successful triangular among both groups, there wasn’t a significant difference in the academic performance of girls.

Organizational Silence is common phenomenon in organizations and it is an available and tangible reality for managers and employees. The Purpose of this paper is studying structural effect of ethical leadership on employee silence behavior with intermediary role of silence climate. The study was correlational. The population of the city of Mashhad education departments of all employees in the 1392-1393 years. The sample size of 200 employees was randomly selected. The participants completed Inventory about ethical leadership and organizational silence. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with LISREL software. The results showed that ethical leadership can be defined as indicators of respect, service, justice, honesty and building community operationally. The strongest indication of this structure is ‘respect’ and ‘building community’. Additionally, the invisible structure of silence climate can be defined operationally with Top management attitudes, supervisor’s attitude an opportunity of communications. The supervisor's attitude is the strongest indicator of this structure. The developed structural model of results shows that ethical leadership has negative structural effects (GA=-0/69). Indirect effect of ethical leadership is negative (-0/171). Also organization silence climate has direct structural effect on employees’ silence behavior (BE=0/25). In order to stop the organizational silence behavior and benefit from experiences of employees we should remove the climate of organizational silence. Ethical leadership is a significant factor in this regard. Using this type of leadership associated with removing silent climate in turn can be expected to organizational silence behavior.

The aim of the present research is the relationship of the organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational commitment with the deviant behaviors among high school teachers in Isfahan. Research statistical population consists of all Isfahan high school teachers. Among them 357 people were selected randomly through stratified sampling method as the sample. Research instruments consist of organizational justice questionnaire with 36 items (Moorman & Niehoff 1996), job satisfaction questionnaire with 45 items (Smit et al, 1969), organizational commitment questionnaire with 24 items (Allen & Meyer, 1990) and deviant behaviors questionnaire with15 items (Robbinson & Bennett, 2000) ) whose factorial validity were confirmed by using confirmative-factorial analysis and their reliability was confirmed through Cronbach Alfa (0/90, 0/82, 0/86, 0/76). The data were analyzed with the use of spss18 and structural equation model. Findings showed that organizational justice, job satisfaction and organizational commitment have direct and indirect effect on deviant behaviors. Organizational justice has direct and indirect effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The structural equation model supported the most direct effect of job satisfaction on deviant behaviors. Based on calculating (CIF) of 0/905 and (PCFI) of 0/696 and also (RMSEA) of 0/082, the structural equation model has appropriate goodness-of-fit.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Organizational diagnosis and quality of life work whit organizational management effectiveness in Islamic Azad University, Hamadan branch, from the perspective of employees in the 1391-1392 academic year. The research design of the study is Descriptive and correlational. The population included 346 people (all employees). Out of this population 186 participants were selected through Krejcie and Morgan table using a stratified random sampling. To analyze the collected data and to examine the research question, descriptive method was shown in the form of: the limit, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistical procedures were displayed through Pearson correlation coefficient and t-tests for Independent groups, one-way ANOVA of variance and regression analysis. With simultaneous and post hoc, Tukey test was used. The results of the study showed that Organizational diagnosis, QWL (quality of work life) and organization management effectiveness in The Islamic Azad university, Hamedan branch are above average the most rate organizational diagnosis. There is a negative and significant relationship of the level of 0/01 between Organizational diagnosis and quality of life work, as well as between organizational diagnosis and organizational management effectiveness in Islamic Azad University, Hamadan branch.The difference of Organizational diagnosis, the quality of working life and the effectiveness of management in terms of education is significant.

The purpose of this study was to survey the effect of teaching science using Education Management Model on student's self-directed learning in 3th grade secondary schools. The research method is Quasi-experimental by using a two-group design with pre-test and post-test. In this study, two classes from Ferdosi male Secondary school which located in Baharestan city participated as an available sample. Of these two classes were assigned, one with 34 students was selected as an experimental group and the other class with 34 students was selected as a control group. Education Management Model was used in the experimental group and the control group was taught through the traditional method during a six weeks period. Data collection was done with Fisher et al. (2001) self-directed questionnaire consisting of 41 questions in which validity was confirmed by educational expert's views and it was confirmed by α-Cronbach's coefficient. Independent T-test and Analysis of covariance was used to analyze statistical data. The results of experiment showed that the Education Management Model has a positive effect on student's self-directed learning

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness of in-service training courses on empowerment and productivity of managers of Youth and Sports Department staff in Fars province. The research method is descriptive-survey and the population of this study was 320 personnel including both managers and employees of Youth and Sports Department staff in Fars province. Out of this population and based on Krejcie and morgen table, 175 individuals were selected through simple random sampling. Three questionnaires of educating, empowerment and productivity were used to collect information from in-service training courses. The data analysis of statistical methods was done with SPSS software. Generally, the results of study indicate that education is influential on empowerment and productivity of the population studied, and considering the importance of empowerment and productivity on sport and Youth promotion, it is recommended to pay more attention to empowerment and productivity.

The present study aims to evaluate the relationship between reflective leadership and effectiveness of primary schools in Quds cityBased on Parsons model. The research method was descriptive–correlational. For sampling, 24 schools were selected by simple random out elementary schools in Quds City and 12 teachers were selected from each school as the sample. They participated in the research by completing reflective leadership questionnaire andschools’ effectiveness questionnaire. The content validity of both questionnaires were confirmed by expert professors and to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha for reflective Leadership was calculated 0/96 and for Schools Effectiveness Questionnaire was 0/86. Analyzing research data was calculated by inferential statistics (Pearson’s coefficient-correlation, inter-regression and stepwise regression). The results of correlation and regression showed that there is a relationship between reflective leadership and its components primary school effectiveness in Quds City. The results of stepwise regression showed that among the mentioned factors, feedback reflective leadership was the best predictor of schools’ effectiveness.

The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship among knowledge management ,self-efficacy and creativity of teachers in pre-school centers of Shiraz Educational Organization region 2. The population of research was all 78 pre –school teachers in region 2 of shiraz educational organization. the sample were 66 teachers and was selected randomly based on Krejcie & Morgan table. Jashapara knowledge management questionnaire (Cronbach alpha= 0.89), Schwarzer et al. (1991) self- efficacy questionnaire (Cronbach alpha=0.82) and Randseep creativity questionnaire (Cronbach alpha=0.76) with appropriate validity based on the specialists’ points of view were used to conduct this research. Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression tests were used to studying the relationship between knowledge management and teachers self-efficacy and creativity. the results showed that all dimensions of knowledge management including knowledge creating, organizing, implementing and sharing had a positive and significant relationship with teachers self-efficacy and creativity. Among the dimensions of knowledge management, knowledge organizing had a significant power for predicting teachers’ self-efficacy, and knowledge implementing and knowledge organizing had a significant power for predicting teachers’ creativity.

Nowadays, it is proved that the success of a country in economic, social, political, cultural, etc. depends on having a cohesive and dynamic education system. Training programs require evaluation and qualitative and quantitative review to improve their quality and dynamics. The aim of the present study is to provide a model to evaluate the merits of the Islamic Azad University. In terms of data collection, this research is descriptive-survey and in terms of its purpose, it is practical. By doing a comprehensive review of literature on the subject, theoretical and conceptual framework of this study were drawn. In fact, the educational stakeholders’ comments [faculty (self-assessment), supervisors (superiors), students (customers)] taken from 24 Branches of Islamic Azad University Fars Province, the population was about 125,000. Using cluster random sampling method, the sample of 380 (formula Morgan) was selected. In order to collect data a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts was applied and its reliability was checked by using Cronbach's alpha (./ 84). The questionnaire included factors affecting the merits of the five main aspects to data collection. Then a 360-degree assessment method of the data was run. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (factor analysis, Wilcoxon, Friedman) were used. The results indicate that: 1. Drawing model for the academic competence assessment and stakeholder perspective was based on their merits; and 2. In evaluating the level of stakeholder perspective, there is an ideal situation among professors in terms of dimensions and components of competence skills, values, and role, but in their functional roles and their sub-components, the assessment showed moderately unfavorable condition (below 3). The ranking result assessments indicated staff competencies of the highest priority to lowest priority related to competency and functions.

The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the use of cloud computing in the public universities in Tehran. Based on the procedure and the way to collect data, the research method in this study is a descriptive exploratory survey. The study population included all managers and experts familiar with ICT at universities in Tehran including 217 people. The sampling method used in the study was mostly all poses. To collect data related to the factors affecting the application of cloud computing, a questionnaire was used. The validity was evaluated and verified by professors and experts in the field of information and communication technology. Reliability was calculated at a good level using Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 917 /. The results of the study showed that 30 variables affecting the deployment of cloud computing in general were in five categories. In the next step of the analysis of the factors, five categories influencing the use of cloud computing were identified respectively. The first factor having four variables (factors of subjective assessment technology, thought to expectations, the credibility of the cloud service provider, the credibility of innovation) from 30 variables, in general, showed 546/27 percent of the total variance which indicates the importance of these factors than other five factors.

The present study aimed to examine and draw up the factors involved in multi-cultural education in elementary school program from the perspective of teachers. The research which was an applied descriptive survey employed 323 elementary teachers and experts in Qazvin in the 1393-1394 academic year using stratified random sampling and Cochran sampling formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was used comprising 47 items with the reliability index of Re = 0/89 and internal consistency of 0/92 obtained through Cronbach Alpha. The content validity of the questionnaire was ensured based on opinions of 15 university professors of Persian literature, educational sciences, and social sciences as well as the thesis supervisors and advisors. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assured through exploratory factor analysis which resulted in the removal of 14 items. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that uniform content, knowledge creation and understanding, effects of ethnic factors, reducing bias, educational justice and equity, strengthening and empowering the culture at schools, and attention to the rights of religious and ethnic minorities, were the most important factors in multi-cultural educational among which uniform and combined content turned out to of the highest importance.

Social values have been central concept in social sciences. Individuals and groups differ in their values. Values are applied to characterize societies and individuals, trace changes over time and explain motivational, attitudes and behavior. The main research question is whether students’ modern values differ across diverse social capital. Therefore, this research has striven to explain the effect of students’ social and cultural capital on their value orientation. This study is based on sociological and social psychology theories. The present investigation has been funded value types that included: life satisfaction, universalistic, trust and desire to obtain science. The research method is a survey on 326 students in Islamic Azad University. The questionnaire has face construct validity and reliability. Cranach’s Alpha is applied to measure reliability and Alpha was above 0/70 for all of scales. Factor analysis is applied to measure construct validity. Social and cultural capital have a positive effect on Value Orientation toward Development. The result showed relationship between social capital and value orientation toward development. Therefore, if we want to reach cultural development, we should promote student’s social and cultural capital.

This study was an attempt to compare English language teaching methods through educational technologies in state university with Azad University in Shiraz. This study is functional and semi experimental. The participants in the study included 385 EFL male and female students (294 females and 91 males) who were native speakers of Persian (165 state university and 220 Azad university). Of the latter, 193 were focusing on English language teaching, 127 English language translation, and 65 English literature. Thirty-seven (37) held master degree, 348 graduates. 385 English language students were selected through random stratified sampling in Azad and state university. To collect the required data questionnaire was made by researcher on a five-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient indicated .97 the reliability of the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through Paired T-test, Independent T-test, Pearson Chi-square test. The findings of this study revealed that the most used English language teaching method was multiple intelligence and the least used method was audio-lingual method in both state and Azad universities. The results also showed there is a significance difference between English language teaching methods use in both universities. Educational technologies like CD, internet, scanner, language lab, printer, and scanner were used more in Azad University than state university. Results showed that Azad University employed technology more than did those at the State University.