نشریه جامعه شناسی تاریخی
سال سوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1390)

This paper tries to assess the strata structure of Iran urban society by using We berian approach in Islamic republic of Iran during the two decades of 1970s-1980s. Based on this approach, the strata structure is assessed in three dimensions: economic activity instrument, expert and capacity, and life opportunities. The historical methodology was used and data sources were 1986 and 1996 by Iran Statistics Centre. Investigation results showed, in spite of implementing the development programs after the revolution, traditional rapport has been dominated between the employers, and the independent personnel of this traditional rapport has been increased after the revolution. Medial strata has been increased as a result of medial expansion politics of the government, especially in the governmental section. But in the private section has come down because of underling staff and employee activities.

This article examines the relation of national pride with personality (authoritism and democratic), efficacy (political efficacy and social efficacy) and political knowledge. The aim is to explain the meaning of national pride as the, positive feeling of people to their country, and Conceptualize this in two types; nationalism and patriotism. The methodology of this study is social survey. Samples of study have been selected from among all residents over 15 years old in the fourteen sectors of Isfahan city (Iran). According to the 2006 Census, the size of this population is around 1248754 people. In the next step, by applying the Kokran Formula and quota sampling, 384 people were selected and examined as samples of the study. The findings showed that nationalism has positive correlation with authoritism personality, social efficacy. It and political efficacy also has negative correlation with democratic personality and political knowledge. Patriotism has positive correlation with democratic personality, social efficacy and political knowledge. In addition, it has negative correlation with authoritism personality and political efficacy.

Revolutionary regimes have different nature and appear in various forms. In some circumstances, the revolutions make military, party and individual dictatorship. In some situations, they provide democratic regimes. Therefore, the revolutions, as an agent, do not make democratic or authoritarian régime. Social, economic and cultural conditions of the society (political ideology) and the type of toppled regime will determine the nature of the revolutionary regime. The Islamic Republic in Iran, as a revolutionary regime, cannot be explained by the theory of democratization and secularization. The formation of the Islamic Republic of Iran requires another explanation. In viwe of democratization and secularization process, the government of faghieh and, Islamic nature are problems. The nature of revolutionary regime is depended on various factors such as: international structure, the nature of the toppled regime, structure of power, civil society and political culture. According to this article, theory of political culture (the diminished political ideology) seeks to clarify this issue in the first decade of the Islamic Revolution of Iran (1978 - 1988). The Method used in this study is the strategies of case study. The results showed that, the type of political ideology of leaders and elites could partly explain the problem. The ideology of the political leaders and elites established Islamism system. Also the Islamic Republican ideology of Imam Khomein (Rah) and representatives of Assembly of Experts make Republicanism system.

Public sphere and social ethics are always among the basic topics of sociology discussions. The main hypothesis of this study is that «action in the public sphere» is an effective factor on increasing the experience of shame as social ethics. For examining the relationship between these two, Hannah Arendt's «Public sphere theory» and Morris Rosenberg's «Reflective evaluation» principles were used. The model considered in this study includes freedom belief, plurality, private self-disclosure and public self-disclosure, which are participated as effective variables (in two forms: directed and indirected) on the experience of shame. Statistical population of this study includes the students of Tehran University at undergraduate, graduate and PhD degrees. 400 of them were selected by quota sampling for responding using proportional size method. The required data were collected using survey and questionnaire methods. The results of statistical analysis showed that student's public self-disclosure, freedom belief, plurality, gender and education degree have significant impacts on the experience of shame as social ethics. Only the significant effect of private self-disclosure was not confirmed statistically.

The present study is an attempt to describe the Islamic reformist discourse in the post-Islamic Revolution: The Main Characters who are the producers of this discourse and were selected for this study in clnde: Seyyed Mohammad Khatami, Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Bojnordi and Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Khomeini. The main questions of the present study are: 1- Who are the producers of this discourse 2- Why do they speak? 3- What do they speak about? 4- How do they speak? 5- Who are the addressees? and 6-What action do they propose? The methodology adopted for this research is qualitative discourse analysis. Sampling is the kind of judgments concerning the main producers and speeches, besides the other people. In each of the following research questions, we referred to the works of thinkers emphasizing on these important issues; discussion of civil society, constitution, religious government. Discourse of Islamic reformism provides us with some insight regarding the nature of "religious discourse" in the today Iran: the discourses mentioned, despite their differences in method, are preoccupied with a single issue in their approach to the religion and modern world. Evaluation of the methods used by the argued discourses shows, in spite of some differences with other discourses, they enjoy a common viewpoint in referring to religious texts and in using "traditional approach".

This article tries to analyze the reasons and mechanism of the society’s effect on individual based on role theories. These theories believe that occupation of different positions by individuals is accompanied by specific expectations. An individual has two definite paths encountering the present expectations: to accept or not to accept followed by punishment and rejection. To desert from punishment, individuals always choose the first path that means to submit the social will. But social dominance over individuals through positions is not limited to the first path. Rather the society by allowing structural opportunities (rights, privileges, chances and role conditions), which are different for any position, dominates on individuals behavior and its qualities. It makes to establish in distinct ways. Role conflicts and type and quality of individual relations in positional sets have also the same results.

Education and Training were of great importance in Iran since ancient times. It was further developed along with Islam uprising. Education centers were also flourished at the same time. The process of the religious sciences schools initiated in Saljuqid era formally when the Nezamies were established. They continued their survival more or less until Qajar era, So that we find most of mosque-schools in Tehran as the time capital of the country that is why we believe that the study of such buildings from the view points of the architecture and the related decorations is a must. The greatest and the most important mosque-schools of the Qajar era in Tehran is the old Sepahsalar. It has experienced the least changes in more recent times; so it is an original sample of the mosque-schools. In this paper we attempt to study and consider the architecture and decorations characteristics of this building. Therefore, we evaluate its history, general map, spatial and functional elements and decorative methods applied in this mosque-school through a descriptive-analytical approach.