نشریه جامعه شناسی تاریخی
سال یکم شماره 4 (زمستان 1389)

This research is going to examine the amount of adaptation or non - adaptation of formal gender identity among the different ethnics and to analysis this, it wants to answer these questions that ''Do material and nonmaterial resources of identity relate with adaptation of formal gender identity or not''? And is there any difference between the ethnics of Turks, loves and Kords in the amount of adaptation or non- adaptation of formal gender identity? Experiential method was used for answering these questions. Statistical population of the project is 377 girl and boy students aged 18-29 years. The were in the in Bachelor's degree from among the three ethnics of Kurd/Lor/Turk residing in the dormitories of Tehran universities. The Sampling method was quota and questionnaires have were tools of information gathering. The results of analysis indicated that there is a relation between the identity resources and the amount of adaptation of formal gender the identity. Among identity resources, religiosity, ethnic gender stereotype and gender explained the most changes of dependant variable. Kurds had the least and Lors had the most adaptation of formal gender identity.

The quality of relation between religiosity and electoral behavior as the research main question derives observation of the paradoxical result of some researches about the relation of these two variables. For deeper understanding of the relation between these two variables, the scale of religiosity, and electoral behavior in two levels of voting attitude and voting participation were analyzed. According to the review of the theoretical and experimental literature, two hypotheses were proposed as fallows: increasing in the scale of the religiosity leads to higher voting participation and voting to Osulgarayan, and decreasing in the scale of religiosity leads to lower voting participation and voting to Eslahtalaban. The research method was survey with questionair and three observational questions. The statistical population of the current research was Tarbait Modares University students. Through nonprobability sampling, 376 students were purposefully selected as sample size. Some descriptive statistics and analytical techniques were used (mean, frequency distribution cross tables, T test, linear and logistic regression). According to the findings, the scale of religiosity has a significant effect on electoral behavior (voting attitude and voting participation), such that increasing in the scale of religiosity leads to voting toosulgarayan and increasing in the voting participation, while decreasing in the scale of religiosity leads to voting to Eslahtalaban and decreasing in the voting participation.

Cultural attraction is one of the most important factors in tourist attraction nowadays. The present study is to investigate the role of advertisement on cultural tourist attraction to Iran. Our claim in this study is that the advertisement industry in Iran has not been able to play an effective role in attracting cultural tourists. The main question of this study is that: what is the effect of Iran advertisements on cultural tourist attraction? The method of investigation was survey and the scale for gathering data was questionaire. The sample population compriseed 300 cultural tourists who entered the city of Isfahan. The data analyses were conducted both descriptively and analytically. The founding indicated that the most important tools for advertisement are: marketing (21/3), internet (19/7), books and articles (15/3). The correlation between advertiament variable and cultural tourist attraction was 0/47. Also there was no significant difference between males and females attitudes about advertisement.

The subject of this paper is analyzing the attitudes of political groups within the government, towards the role of people in the political system. Research question is: "How is political culture of the ruling political groups"? Theoretical argument of this paper is related to the political cultures theories. Assumptions of this article were tested through qualitative and quantitative techniques. Experimental results indicated that the attitude of political groups from the first period of presidential elections to the nineth period of the election has changed from task-oriented attitude to right-oriented attitude. After the seventh presidential election, this attitude change was quite tangible.

By the establishment of local semi-independent governments in the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, Iranian north provinces were cover of conflicts between the local governors with Omayyad and Abbasids Caliphates. Supplying political security in Tabaristan and creating suitable conditions for economic development led to formation of multiple garrisons in the vast geography of the region. These buildings, by the historical and geographical sources, have been nominated as Maslah-i-, Sakhlou and Zeynistan. The Garrisons in Abbasids period. Were built by Abol-Abbas-i- Tousi. The geographical coverage of these garisons included in Plain, jungles and Mountainous areas. Starting from Tammish-i- city in the east of Tabaristan to the Chalous city in the west. The quantity of garrisons has differed between 31, 45 to 50 numbers. In this research, we recognized 31 garrisons. Also we tried determine the distribution of garrisons according to historical and geographical sources.

Literature is one of the most important factors of cultural transferring for every nation and has elements and components as complex as life and culture. If we consider criticism as a tool of leading literature to creativity, then we will perceive its crucial situation among the societies because the alive conscience of literature releases it from self deception. Critics select different procedures in the frame of their proficiency and interest in this way. Moral criticism, social criticism, psychological criticism, historical criticism, aesthetic criticism and comparative criticism are of the most important branches of literary criticism that besides merging with other sciences, they prove the dependency of literature on science from one hand and on the culture of society on the other. This research, using an analytical approach to social criticism, aims to reach a kind of convergence beyond the different and sometimes contradictory ideas in this field, while explicating the foundations of social criticism in literature. Therefore, to assume the society as the subject of a writer's thoughts instead of his/her source of thought, defining the individuality of an artist or a writer (which helps to distinguish his/her point of view and accepting the artistic aspect of literary works as the distinction between science and art) removes a lot of challenges in this field.

Archaeology with the help of other sciences in this era has been applied to solve the ancient environment and settlement of ancient sites. On the other hand, the high expenditure of interdisciplinary research for solving the environmental archaeology research takes less attention in the field of archaeological science. Meanwhile, chemical analysis, which gives information about the depth of soil in archaeological sites, needs suitable laboratory methods that, can provide much helpfal data to recognize the archaeological layers. These data also helped us to find the exact place of archaeological settlement in the Shusthar plain. Archaeological dating showed that the Shushtar plain was occupied in last phase of Holocene seven thousands before by the seasonally migrating people. In this article, the use of XRF chemical spectroscopy with AMS dating guided us to construct the ancient environment and environment development in the Shushtar plain in the Holocene period?