نشریه جامعه شناسی تاریخی
سال پنجم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

The present study titled "the effects of social and economic modernization on the occurrence of the Constitutional Revoloution in Iran" seeks to present the economical and social innovation achieved during Qajar period and also discusses the role and effects of these innovations in encouraging Iranian people for political participation and overthrowing Qajar dynasty. this study shows that the innovations occurred during Qajar period caused changes on old customs and introduced modernism and new styles of social life. It also, taught new concepts like freedom and law to the Iranian people. Struggling to achieve the above goals and to protect the country, the people decided to become united. By establishing the parliament, they limited the power of the monarchy and made a way for people to participate in governing their country. Today this unity and interference is called political participation. The method of this research is historical comparative and the method of data gathering is library and documentary.

Nowadays, ambivalenceinclude differentelemdnts of human’s life and its spreading has been a social issue. For discovering the origin of for ementionedissue , it is necessary to investigate its historical background. As ghajar are has been exposed to many challenges of traditional and modern values , it can be producer of all types of ambivalences;therefore this issue has been investigated from the point of view of English travel writers who have had association with people and specilly with ghajarcouqp at that time. the population (statistical society) of this research includes all of the itineries written by Englishmen who have traveled to Iran in Ghajar career. That from among them 34 itineraries have been selected as sample (through purposeful sampling) investigating of all types of sociological ambivalence and psychological ambivalence has been done through Robert merton, typological approach in sociological ambivalence theory , also these typs have been investigated and classified by using historical investigation techniques and content analysis . The results show that: from among 6 kinds of sociological and psychological ambivalence, all kinds except 3 type have been refered to in mentioned intineration in ghajar; are highest amount of sociological ambivalence is dedicated to type 5 (alteraction between cultural structure and social structure ) that has been manifested in “aberrant behavior” (psychological ambivalence) in the next level, the 6 type of sociological ambivalence (different collections of cultural values) has been mostly dedicated to imitation of court from western lifestyle . The mentioned ambivalences have been mostly observed among “Iranian base and in “cultural –political field “ and in “naseredin shah” and then “fathali shah” ghajarera. Regarding content analysis of itineraries ,the final analysis of shows the effect of specific feature of social – cultural structure of ghajar are on the spreading of ambivalence.

Domination of thetraditionaldiscoursein Qajar era created the discoursesandsubdiscourses amongdifferent groupsof society that emerged as resistance against traditional discourse. Amongthese sub discourseswere sub discourses ofthe womenthatcamein the shadowof somediscourses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze women’s resistance sub discourses, their challenges and interactions from a sociological standpoint through studying their writings and publications in Qajar era. In this study we aim to address the following questions:What topics were the women concerned with regarding the rethinking of their situation during the Qajar era? To what categories and sub-discourses they belong and what ideologies govern their discourses?In succeeding the official discourse of the Qajar era what positions did they achieve? The analysisof women’s sub-discourses show that radical sub-discourse aims to createfundamentalchanges, while the moderate sub-discourse follows the available demands.

The objective of the present study is to carry out a reviewon the relationship between religiousness and trust via metaanalysis of conducted researches that have been done in Iran. For this purpose, amongthe18 existing investigative documents in Tehran University, Shahid Beheshti University, Allahmeh Tabatabai University, and Tarbiat Modarres University, a number of 16 met the requirements to be regarded as metaanalysis, which have been done during the last ten years. On this basis, research sample size indicates 8245 people from different walks of life among Iranian people. The findingsthat stem from the combination of studies probability and reviews over the impactcoefficient showed that there is ameaningful relationship between religiousness and trust. This finding confirms the major hypothesis of this researchIt has been reported in researches there is a direct connection andthe average rate of this connection is about 0.4. Also, another hypothesis of this study is the impact of using different statistical tests on the results coming from religiousness and trust.The results proved to be far from sensible. Hence, it shows that using different statistical tests have no influence on the amount of resulted correlation between religiousness and trust. Samplegroups’ hypothesis, on the amount of religiousness correlation and trust in the result of variance analysis, did not make any sense, and the hypothesis was eventually refused. Last but not least, the hypothesis of studying field impact on the correlation of religiousness and trust, which was achievedas the result of variance analysis proved to be meaningless. Therefore, it can be concluded that, religiousness, apart from ground factors of research consisting of sample groups, studying field and statistical test using in researches, directly impacts the way people socially trust one another.

In this article social documentaries of post Islamic revolution of Iran about of children and teenagers social pathologies analyzed with sociological view. The purpose of this article is to understand: social documentaries that produced by directors and Issues raised in the documentaries indicate to society pathologies and are equal films problems with society problems. To investigate the relationship between social changes and cinema we need to conceptual framework in cinema sociology means indicates to relationship between produced films and Characteristics of community. Theoretical framework is Reflection Approach in Sociology of the Art.The method in this article is Outward-oriented criticism. Article results show that there was interaction between condition of society and different objects in social documentaries of post Islamic revolution of Iran. In fact base on Reflection theory with study of social documentaries of post Islamic revolution can be realized the largest social pathologies in each period and social documentaries offer a view of community.

What most differentiates Qajar era from other eras in the Iranian’s history may be the appearance of new urbanism and new pathways that became a component of the texture of the city and made Tehran more and more Europeanized. What is of great importance here is the textural transformation of Tehran and other Structural and Spatial changes that occur along with or followed by this transformation. One of the most important changes is the transformation in the physical characteristics of the residential buildings and their association with urban streets. To identify this system of transformation, one should recognize the characteristics of Tehran's urban texture, especially housing structures-from beginning of Qajar, up to its end- and scrutinizing variations. This encompasses the main core of the present paper which mainly resulted from field studies that are descriptively and comparatively presented here. Therefore, Qajar era could be considered as the origin of essential alteration in urbanism, space construction, and house building. The era in which the old texture of the city and the traditional assemble of houses dissolves and new texture resides. Although all these changes took place in one historical era, but considerable variations can be seen due to domestic characteristics of every district.

This research has been done to determine and explain graffiti of historical sites and its influencing factors. Direct observation is selected as the method and content analysis as the technique among 23 monuments of the city of Yazd and stratified sampling is used (systematic) concerning frequency of shapes and Images and carved terms. Research findings are based on 2204 entries such as words, shapes and images and categorizations: date (time), writing graffiti, age, city of residence, ethnicity, gender, genus or materials and tools used, poem and lines, carved first and family names, and the English letters. One of the most important factors that influences graffiti phenomenon is the lack of attention and neglecting toward these monuments. The preservation of monument is not considered as a value, so the distortion and preparations for destruction is not a counter value and nothing is done for maintenance and preservation of the monuments