فصلنامه مطالعات محیطی هفت حصار
پیاپی 17 (پاییز 1395)

The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of population differentiation and distribution services in the metropolitan Ahvaz. Applied research in terms of a combination of descriptive-analytic techniques and data collection methods and documentation library is used. Ahvaz seven geographical areas as units of measurement "climate justice" and 14 criteria defining public services to achieve this Antkhabshdhand. Then, using expert opinion to the importance of indicators in phase (AHP FUZZY) was. For analysis and ranking of urban areas in terms of having the Public Service of models such as (VIKOR), electrical (ELECTRE) and (FTOPSIS) and to reach a conclusion different models of data analysis, the method of Blended average rating Used. Data analysis showed that regions 2 and 8 in the ranks quite high, 5 and 6 of areas, regions 3 and 9 semi, having low and the 10 District 7, 4 and 1 in the category of having been replaced. To measure the relationship between population and having municipal services, Pearson correlation test was used. The correlation coefficient (436/0) obtained indicate that there is a weak relationship between population distribution and distribution services.

Transportation megaprojects, including highways, intersections, tunnels, subway, light rail transit, tram and etc., are expensive and risky projects. The projects are highly the result of urban managers and policy makers’ decisions. In fact, despite their predicted consequences and costs, the projects are considered as the priorities in cities due to their attractiveness for managers. Researches and experiences show that the projects usually lead to cost overrun, failure to meet objectives and schedule, social tensions, public dissatisfaction and unwanted immigration.
Tehran as a metropolitan city, applied transportation plans and programs to meet its considerable traffic challenges. Since two decades ago, the city has constructed several transportation megaprojects including highways, intersections and metro as well as addressing a few sustainable transportation approaches, modes and guidelines in the related plans and programs.
This paper aims to analyze the efficiency of large investment transportation projects as the solutions for transportation improvement in Tehran and addresses their various aspects including their social consequences, economic and technical results. The research question is if the transportation megaprojects in Tehran are in consistent with sustainable development approach? Therefore, at first, the general characteristics and challenges of transportation megaprojects as the transportation improvement policies and the sustainable transportation management system recommended in the related literature are reviewed. Then, it studies transportation megaprojects that have been built since 2000 in Tehran, including the construction of highways, intersections and metro. It qualitatively analyzes the transportation megaprojects in Tehran and assess those regarding their compatibility with sustainable development. The necessary data and information are gathered from published documents and statistics and newspaper articles. The results show that transportation megaprojects in Tehran are mostly vehicle-friendly and are not in accordance with sustainable urban form. In other words, many of those were not defined based on an integrated transportation and urban planning process, and the social and environmental impact assessments of such megaprojects have been ignored.

Sustainability as a global idea attempts to improve the quality of human's life in its ecological, socio-cultural and economic dimensions. In compare with other aspects of the quality of human's life, the development of its cultural dimension plays a significant role in achieving the holistic development. Furthermore, the culture centers (e.g. an Art Galleries) designed as interactive and educational places, can contribute to awareness of local and indigenous components of a given society about their cultural heritage, capitals and products. Likewise the mentioned places can support and encourage the educated people to engage in the cultural development process. The key question of this dissertation is "how do the physical characteristics of the gallerie's surrounding environment exert influence on its social sustainability?" to respond the later question, this dissertation presents a model that has ability to be used for evaluating, designing, management and management and monitoring of the galleries as being socially sustainable. Moreover, in this dissertation, the mentioned key question is responded through using a descriptive-analytical research methodology. The presented model contains eight benchmarks including; permeability, readability and efficiency, flexibility, community-based educational involvement, safety, environmental comfort, diversity and vitality. In addition, this dissertation presents 32 indicators used for evaluation of the galleries through social-sustainability policies and strategies. The presented model is tested through using Mirza Reza Kalhor Gallery (located in Kermanshah city-Iran) as a case study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the accumulations of memories on perceived quality, identify and evaluate the factors affecting the evocative and image-ability of urban spaces is a case study, to clarify the theoretical framework of this quality, able to planners, urban designers, urban spaces help to improve communication with citizens. In this study, Vali-Asr Street in Tehran has been chosen as the study area. This applied research and research methodology is based on inferential statistics. The results showed that mean in terms of activities and users more important than the physical elements. In fact, planning to improve physical factors also need to increase the possibility of forming various activities and also improve the image and appearance of the environment in mind is the user-space, To promote heritage and collective memory and identity, heritage gathering of citizen's daily life in the urban environment.

Spatial - physical growth of cities in recent decades is one of the features in developing countries that Cause Destruction of agricultural land and increasing the cost of municipal administration and citizens. Attentions to infill development capacities in city can also avoided impose the destruction of agricultural lands and heavy costs and cause the dynamism and vitality textures and urban inefficient areas (brownfield). In this regard understanding the pattern of urban growth is very important and identifies the infill development capacities city. Therefore the purpose of this study is to measure the pattern of sprawl and identify areas of action infill development in Ahvaz city. This study in terms of goal is an applied and in terms of research method is descriptive – analytical and based on documents and library resources. To measure the pattern of sprawl in Ahwaz Initially using data related area and population in recent decades and processing them it was shown Spatial – physical changes. Using by Spatial Statistics (Moran I, General (clustering of high / low, local Moran, analysis of hot spots) Distribution of Population was investigated. The second part of the study was that related to identifying areas of action infill development in Ahwaz city was investigated using by data land use city. Results statistics and models showed Ahvaz city since 1335 to the present had Spatial – physical changes that cause to the formation the pattern of sprawl in the city. Also is identified textures in order to infill development inclusive Old texture, dilapidated texture, texture marginal, vacant lands and urban inefficient areas (brownfield) respectively, With an area of 1101.96, 68.59, 2051, 5773.11, 2323.03 and to Separation urban inefficient areas (brownfield) inclusive Military areas, prisons, industrial land, cemeteries, land, warehouses and terminals respectively, With an area of 543.84, 23.07, 1463.21, 5.87, is 302.85.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in the city of Shiraz with emphasis on relieving poverty in rural areas. A sample of 363 clients covered by the Relief Committee of Shiraz, were selected, which were evaluated through a questionnaire developed by the researchers. The results shoe the relationships between social factors and poverty reduction, social, none of the components were not significantly associated with a reduction in rural poverty. In examining relationships between cultural components and reduce poverty, the only significant relationship between education and poverty reduction were seen and educational components were not significantly associated with poverty reduction.

Nowadays, Automobile dependency is defined as high levels of per capita automobile travel, automobile oriented land use patterns, and reduced transport alternatives. Automobile dependency increases many costs: higher vehicle expenses, reduced travel choices, increased road and parking facility costs, congestion, accident damages, and a variety of environmental impacts. The total fixed and variable cost of cars per kilometer is also significantly related to the degree of automobile dependence in Iranian cities, though not as strongly as land use and activity. The data suggest that the most auto-dependent cities are less wealthy than some other more transit-oriented cities. In under-developing countries, like Iran which urbanization occurred prior to industrialization, from the very beginning of vehicles arrival, there has been the problem of giving priority to motorways. Experiences on constructing sidewalks, especially in downtown districts, have changed not only the appearance of cities but also resulted in new trends toward improving the quality of urban living and people' social behavior. The overall aim of this paper therefore is to make changes in sidewalks as a base for civilized living, social interactions and prospering the texture of central core in hamedan. This study, which was partially funded was done by using a descriptive-analytical method, studying and analyzing internal and external experiences, as well as, by virtue of case studies with the aim of assessing the capability of sidewalk planning in central core of Hamedan. After introduction and recognition of the scope, Analytical Network Process method (ANP) was used to assess the condition of the studied sidewalks. Upon conducting the studies, it became evident that Booali and Ekbatan streets had the most score of priority to be changed into sidewalks. Finally, objectives, strategies and policies were extracted and presented.