نشریه قرآن پژوهی حسنا
پیاپی 34 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

‘In the name of Allah’ as the first Quranic verse has been the subject of translation and commentary of Persian Quranic translators and interpreters. A variety of translators’ intellectual temper and literary sense have led to different translations of this verse. By introducing 13 old cases in Persian translations of the Holy Quran, these translations have been criticized and discussed in the first part of this paper. In addition to a brief introduction of the authors of these historical works, their privileges and innovations in translation of the above-mentioned verse has been studied. Tabari commentary’s translation was the first Persian translation as ‘in the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful’, and also, this is the oldest and the most common translation. According to this paper, the most precise translation of ‘in the name of Allah’ is Meibodi’s translation among Sunni and Kashefi Sabzevari among Shiite. There has been mentioned some aspects of ‘in the name of Allah’ that other translators have not been focused to them. Also, contemporary translations of this verse have been discussed in the second part of the present paper.

‘Disease’ is one of the Quranic words which has been applied 13 times in the Holy Quran and it always collocated with heart as ‘there is disease in their hearts’. Semantics of ‘disease’ and extracting its meaning components have been discussed in this paper by semantic methodology and an analytic look at the text. Studying collocations and content
analysis, and also, verses style in which disease has been applied indicated that disease is not a substitution and synonym of hypocrisy, but it is an opposite of ‘sound’ and it means belief and faith which is not strong. Therefore, it can be concluded that Quranic conception of ‘disease’ is darkness has been caused by weak faith in the heart of some Muslims.

One of aspects of courtesy of mind is to avoid of ugly speech. Imam Ali’s(AS) not only has observed courtesy of mind, but also he has observed the courtesy of word in relaying some unpleasant concepts in common law. Imam Ali’s (AS) expression related to unpleasant concepts and his way to observe the rules of courtesy of word have been discussed in this paper by virtue of treasure of Imam Ali’s (AS) speech. A descriptive-analytic methodology has been applied to different usage of courtesy of word in Imam Ali’s (AS) speech. Thus, it is concluded that whatness is saying has been important for him, and also, howness is saying as well. However, ugly speech has turned into polite speech by applying different ways of expression so that these expressions have the same tendency to people’s honour and scandalous behavior. Similarly, by viewing his status, his speech has been glorified.

Most of religious doctrines have been presented as prayer. So, different books have been written in this respect. The sensivity of prayer and double need of the society to it in one hand, and illegitimate misuses of it on the other hand, and also, direct effect of identifying the level of validity of each book in terms of focus on traditions has doubled the need evaluating validity of prayer resources. The book ‘Mahj Al-da’vat va Manhaj Al-ebadat’ written by Sayyed ibn Tavous who is one of prayer resources. So far, there has not been done by research about the validity of this book. An analytic study of validity and status of the book has been done by 3 criteria as personality of the author, text of the book, and general features of the book. The advantages of the present research are
not only to identify the real status of this book, but also to access to new findings on methodology of evaluating validity of prayer books. As a whole, it can be concluded that the book ‘Mahj Al-da’vat va Manhaj Alebadat’ has a good validity. The criteria related to validity of the book are as follow: the author ambition to honesty and trust, his specialty, to confirm content of the book by him, correspondence of the text with religion facts. Also, above-mentioned criteria have doubled the validity of the book.

The belief in companions of the prophet’s justice is an issue viewed as a base of speech, jurisprudential, interpretation’s opinions. This claim has been proved by virtue of some Quranic verses. One of tradition has been relayed by Sunni in order to prove companions of the prophet’s justice is “what Muslims know good, is good by God, and what Muslims know bad, is bad by God as well”. This has been relayed by Abdollah-ibn- Masoud by different methods in traditions’ sources. The above mentioned tradition has been a base of Sunni’s different viewpoints, particularly in jurisprudential principles to prove legal arguments such as juristic preference and consensus of the Islamic Community. This
tradition has been criticized by different documental and textual aspects in the present research. This has been viewed as a discontinued tradition in terms of documental aspect relayed by Abdollah-ibn-Masoud, and then, being traceable has been rejected. In textual aspect, it has been criticized in three aspects as structure, content, and argument by virtue of different structures in the text, a paradox in the content, and also, imply on juristic preference and consensus of the Islamic Community. Also, it has rejected the claim that this tradition implies on juristic preference and consensus of the Islamic Community by convinced arguments.

Interpretation has been had a special status among another Islamic knowledge, and also, it has been focused by Muslims from the early ages because interpretation refers to understanding and discovering the best speech. ‘Al-tafsir Al-monir fi Al-aghidah va Al-shariah va Al-mojtamah’ written by Vahabah Al-zoheili as contemporary commentator and Quran researcher is one of the new commentary of the Muslims’ book, i.e. the Holy Quran. An analysis of this commentary has been done in this paper by criticizing and analyzing method based on library approach. The advantages of this commentary are following the common way, discussing contemporary social, political, and jurisprudential issues, and simple method done by the author. The disadvantages of this commentary are the lack of old and new commentary sources and lack of references related to scientific quotations.