نشریه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 5 (زمستان 1390)

In this article the researchers first provided the reader with an introduction on the background of woman's liberty in Arabic countries, the role of Qasim Amin: the advocate of woman's liberty in Egypt, and the translation of his works into Farsi. Then, it was proved that based on historical evidences and a comparison of Parvin's poetry and her sayings with his works, Parvin, the contemporary poetess, had been influenced by Qasim Amin's writings translated into Farsi by Parvin's father, Etesamolmolk.

Besides Firdowsi Great Epic, the book Deda GorGud and Iliad and Odyssey Homer are the most beautiful and greatest epical works of the world. There have been similarities and parallelism in these works which could be explained by mixing mythologies of different nations together and their influence on each other. These similarities made the researchers rethink about the view of the epic creators on the status of women as well as comparing this subject in their works. In Deda GorGud, women are as Mighty and praiseworthy as men and have had significant role in the events of the story. In Homer works, although he has had a high opinion of women and looked at men and women equally, praising women’s kindness, beauty, and patience, actually and specially in Illiad, women are pale and unimportant causing trouble and war. This paper reviewed the status of women and love in these epics, revealing similarities and differences between them.

Patriotism and the quest for the improvement in the situation of the society is one of the important things in the poetry of the committed poets. This matter is specially clear and crystallized in the contemporary Arabic and Persian literature. This article was aimed at studying the poetry of the contemporary Iranian poet, Farrokhi yazdi and contemporary Iraqi poet, Maroof alrosafi in order to clarify the contributions of those committed poets in the study of patriotism as well as finding the common social and political issues related to patriotism in their poems. The research method of this article considering their similar social history was the comparative literature school of Eastern Europe (the Slavonic school). In this context, the researcher studied topics such as: the call for the Union, opposition to tyranny, anti-colonialism, the focus on the oppressed and national honorable people.

Patriotism is a part of national identity which could be seen a lot in the poems of some poets specially when there is a fear of foreign aggression. Ferdowsi is a pioneer of the poets who seek for their national identity and ethnic glories. Historically, however, he was living at the time when Iranian civilization was flourishing, so he had a chance of writing epics regarding his great talent in this kind of poem.After ferdowsi’s time, patriotism and epical poems could be found in the poems of the poets of Mashrotiyat era like Adib-ol-mamalek Farahani, Seyyed Ashraf Ghazvini, Aref Ghazvini and Malek-ol-shoa’ra Bahar and in the contemporary time, it revealed itself in Akhavan Sales’ poems who was influenced by Ferdowsi. In the contemporary Arab poet Ilia Abu Madi is well-known for his epical poems.This article analyzed the similarities in the poems of these poets based on patriotism.

In this paper, the mystical language and the writing style of the two outstanding mystics of the sixth and seventh centuries, i.e. Hamedani and Arabi were studied. It is clear that knowing the unique mystical language of these two mystic authors plays an important role in understanding and analyzing their attitudes and its influence on mysticism, Sufism, and on other mystics. Thus the study of the following paper not only provided some information about the background of mysticism and its attitudes but also showed the building block of the attitudes of these two mystic authors.

Alamtaj Ghaem Maghami is one of the best constitutional (Mashrutiat) era’s poetesses who versifies about the surrounding world with a clear diction from the viewpoint of a sensitive, knowledgeable woman. She turns into poetry some new meanings like freedom of thought, patriotism, and equality of women’s rights; so that it could be said she is one of the first innovative Iranian poetesses in the aforementioned era. She was the pioneer of movement which was followed by Parvin Etesami and Forough Farokhzad some years later. By studying Alamtaj and also Emili Dickinson’s life and poetry as an American modern impressive poetess in nineteenth century B.C, some common aspects could be found which presented their similar views about original concepts such as liberty, captivity and death in their poems.In this research, the resemblances of their life and poems as a modernist poetesses were compared to answer if Alamtaj Ghaem Mmaghami was influenced by Emili Dickenson or not.

Mehdi Akhavan sales and Iliya Abu Madi are great poets in contemporary Persian and Arabic literature who paid attention to socio-political issues in their verses. In spite of living about thirty years apart from each other, they have had similarities in the themes of their poems because of their similar socio-political situation and their existence in critical eras of the Lebanon and Iran political history. Abu Madi is the poet of independence period of Lebanon, political changes, civil and foriegn wars after that. Akhavan more than all other poets was affected by political evolution of 30s and 40s, especially of the 19 Aug coup (28 of Mordad). More than Abou Madi, Akhavan returned from romanticism and turned to social symbolism. The other common point that makes their poems outstanding is their favor to the change from tradition and modernism. So if their poems are analyzed, the main obstacles in the process of switching to modernism and its sequences will be distinguished. Here by concentrating on the two elements of their verses, i.e. mirth and sadness, not only the style of their verses would be studied but also the main causes of their trend to mirth and sadness would be clarified. This matter i.e. how they confronted with sociopolitical issues and how much they were optimistic or pessimistic toward these change reflects the inclination, and culture of people of their eras. This article analyzed their different reactions toward social issues as well as pondering the matters that caused the similarities of their views.

The confessions of Rousseau, Ghazali and Augustinus can be regarded as excellent cases of autobiography. Rousseau and Augustinus refer to their childhood memories and offer an account of the formation of their identities. Then they scrutinize their educational process and issues like nature, religion and the works of past authors which had had great influence on their lives. But the domain of Ghazali’s confessions in his book is restricted to his revisions on his religious and scientific views as well as describing a kind of doubt that led him to truth. From the same perspective, a kind of identity could be detected between Ghazali and Augustinus, namely their internal desire which gradually took them from sense to understanding and philosophy, and in the end, theology and mysticism.This paper aimed at studying the content of these three works from a comparative perspective.

Many Quran scholars have stated that there are some Quranic terms which are not originally Arabic and have been Arabicized. Some scholars, referring to the Quranic verses which clarify that the holy Quran has been revealed in Arabic, have opposed this view, but their opposition has not been supported by many scholars. Some, taking into consideration the existence of non-Arabic words in Quran, question the fact that the Quran is a miracle with the assumption that the prophet (P.B.U.H) may have obtained them from his non-Arab companions. In this regards, the contribution of Farsi Language especially in terms of cultural exchange between Iranians and Arabs has been more than any other languages and this is a proper criterion for this study. A review of Arabic literature revealed that the mentioned terms had been common in Arabic from pre-Islamic era and the Arabs used them as original Arabic words so none of the above claims could be accepted.

This essay began with the definition of fable, allegory and the situations in which they were created. Then both stories were introduced according to their theme. After that the motivation of writing of Animal Farm and bringing Kelileh to Iran were discussed. Social Symbolism in these two stories came next. Animal Farm was a picture of a communist society and each of the animals represented a special type of people who were living in that society. Lion and cow depicted, in some ways, the characters of the Sasanian's court, their misbehaviors and conflicts. Then every character in each story was introduced and his characteristics were extracted from their conversations to find a counterpart for each animal by analysis of these features in the meantime. Finally, from a comparative point of view, the common and different features of all the characters were analyzed.

One of the most important needs of Persian today is the translation of the words entering into the language along with modern sciences. The way of translating these words requires specific skill which few articles and books have surveyed.One of the Ways which can be considered is that how the scientific terms are coined in the English language. Then some Patterns which are harmonious with Persian should be selected.In this article it has been tried to survey thirteen ways of word coinage in English and some of them which were harmonious with Persian were put forward by examples.

Romanticism school is one of the main literary approaches in the contemporary world which has attracted poets and authors. The contemporary Persian and Arabic literature have also been influenced by romanticism. Sayed Qutb, the contemporary Egyption poet and Naderpoor, the contemporary Iranian poet are among the ones whose poems have the finest themes and the most romantic concepts. The main common issues of sayed Qutb and Naderpoor were the return to the nature, Praise the village, return to childhood, the deep emotions towards the beloved, love of hometown, and nostalgia. Although Sayed Qutb approaches the mystical romanticism in his poems, their approaches to deep emotions along with a kind of romantic pain and gloom are apparent in their poems. In this article, the most prominent components of romanticism in the poetry of Sayed Qutb and Naderpoor were analyzed.

Comparative Literature is one of the controversial new areas of contemporary literature and undoubtedly has constructive and effective role in enriching world literature. Consequently, it paves the way for nations to identify and take advantage of the vast literature of different nations. Comparing the poets such as Abu Novas and Sanayi has been emphasized because both have been in the fairly common political, cultural and religious situation. Moreover, they have been innovative and creative in developing ascetic and wise poetry. They have also enjoyed similar religious thoughts and ideas, knowing a lot about Quran and Hadith. They have spent so many years of their lives praising the kings of the court. Having some changes in their lives, they turned into asceticism. Abu Novas and Sanayi ascetic poems could be analyzed comparatively considering common issues such as the world, Hereafter, wish, death, and the judgment. This research was done based on the ascetic poems existing in two Divans of the poets.