نشریه ادبیات تطبیقی
پیاپی 13 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

Zahhak’s Myth is one of the oldest and most well-known myths in the Persian literature from ancient times to new periods.
The myth is known through the Avestan text; however, in Zoroastrian Pahlavi texts, it is a prominent myth and clearly, it had influenced Post-Sasanian texts, too.
A comparative study of the myth based on Post-Sasanian texts shows a close similarity in Arabo-Persian texts.
Yet, in Kush-nameh, by Hakim Iranshan ibn Abal-Khayr, an Indian physician has been mentioned-- with respect to treatment of Zahhak’s illness-- to whom there is no reference in other known Arbo-Persian texts.
With reference to the developments of the early Islamic centuries, I have tried to explain why Zahhak’s myth has been mingled with an Indian physician. I compare Zahhak with Harun the Caliph, and the Indian physician with Manka, the great Indian physician.
It is known that Manka, a famous scientist and translator of some Sanskrit texts into Persian, arrived in Baghdad, most probably around 193 Hegira, to treat the Caliph. His stay in Baghdad is a brilliant period with regards to translation of scientific texts from Indic to Iranian and later into Arabic. Muslim writers have highly respected him such as Abu-Rayhan Birun’s report.

Ansient Iranian scholars sages had a strong tendency toward moral advice and themes like good morals, sagacity, asceticism, friendship, in general, wisdom in particular. These themes and advice have found their way in Arabic literature through translating Pahlavi texsts to Arabic. Arabs welcomed the Iranian culture. arab thinkers and scholars all have acknowledged Iranian culture impact. wisdom has had its obvios main festations in the work of literary men (men of letters) all ower the world. Wisdom has always been regarded as one basis element that brings humanity to the peak of invaluabale works are the one by Ibn Muqaffa (ÇÈäãÞÝÚ) entitled aladabossaqheer va aladabolkabeer (ÇáÃÏÈ ÇáÕÛیÑ æÇáÃÏÈ Çá˜ÈیÑ) and the one written by Ferdowsi (ÇÈæÇáÞÇÓã ÝÑÏæÓی) entitled shahnameh (ÔÇåäÇãå). Wisdom can be seen as a dynamic element in both works. The commonality of the common references the two authors have taken advantage of. it also pohnts to the fact that both authors have quenched theirs, t by the pure wisdom of ancient Iranian sages. the present study aim at comparing and contrasting the common elements of wisdom in this two literary works. The researchers set to investigate the thematic similarities of the word wisdom and prove that ibn Muqaffa and ferdosy have both made use of the same reference.

The woman and her features have long been a subject of interest to Writers and poets and many speakers and writers with regard to different aspects of women have expressed various topics In this regard, but for various reasons, such as the prevailing patriarchy has made their positive and effective role less be considered especially in ancient literature, less actual images of women to be presented as far as the even those that have been written with a focus on women's not expressed a positive and active role for women and significant, is that the general characteristics of women with a time difference has been somewhat similar in different lands and this similarity can be studied in the literature.
In this article we examined the characteristics of the woman at the Decameron with his attributes Sandbadnameh and Panchatantra that -sometimes through middle women– they want a relationship with a man other than their husband among some of the stories of two languages can be seen, thematic and structural similarities.

One of the advocated contemporary literal styles is romantic that first was appear in Europe and then was penetrated in literature of other natures. This style at first step studied the personal dimensions of people, but because of inappropriate political and social conditions, it gradually moved from individuals toward society and it shaped as a social and revolution form. Social romantic study the society and its related subjects and want to provide patriot freedom and also provide equality and ordering in it and make some riots against some people that destroyed its freedom. Contemporary Arabic and Persian literature possess such a trend. The recent Egyptian and Iranian poet Farough Jovide and Farrokhy Yazdi are from those poets who employ such overlay in their poetries. The present study aims at analyzing the most prominent Socialist romantic parameters in these two poets’ works by descriptive- Analytical method. According to the findings, Socialist romantic or revolutionary problems are of high quantity in these two poets’ works which contain a great deal of their poetries. Some instance of the common concepts in Jovide and Farrokhy Are nationalism, liberty, etc. After a comparison between these two, a lot of common points are found rather than differences which show that the similarity of their ideas and beliefs. The differences of these works are only in some trivial points such as liberty and country in which Farrokhi employs indulgence and use more decisive words and indicate more discussions in this field.

The terms of Additionaldiscrete relation means separating the addend(noun governing the genitive) from genitive case and extractinga combination of the form and additional statethence it is called discreet or (detachment) which cut the added and changedaddend and genitive(possessive)from the original state. This process can be performed in Arabic and Persian grammar and have used by both languages.
detachmenthave their own style in both languages and has been performed according to the cause of action.It''s important to note that though the causes and methods in both languages are common in some cases, but none of them are not affected each other''s.
The purpose of the present paper is to achieve the common points and differences between these two languages about detachmentissues which is a descriptive - analytical and inferential article with A Comparative Approach.

Romanticism is the most complex and expanded literary schools in the world that grew as a revolutionary and rebellious phenomenon in the late of 18th century against Neoclassic traditions. Because of Romantic school’s contrasted nature, any clear and subtle definition haven’t been presented until now. This school appeared in the stormy period that important scientific, political and social changes infolded all over the Europe. Some of these numerous changes are: American revolution, French great revolution, industrial revolution of England, decline of feudalism community, replacement of middle class and appearance of new mental school. Romanticism movement appeared first in Germany and then rooted in another European regions such as England, France, Russia and Spain. Among of English romantic poets we can point to Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, Shelly and Keats. Romanticism introduced in Iran from the constitutional age as a mental paradigm in Persian literature. Nima can be the founder of Iranian Romanticism that separated from it very fast and Fereydoon Tavallali become the leader of this movement, but Sohrab Sepehri is one of the famous person of Iranian Romanticism of course his poems are different from of both individual and social Romanticism processes and are more similar to English Romantic poets specially Blake.
We study some of profound features of romanticism in this essay such as: nature, imagination, feelings, individualism, grief, Idealism, childhood, love, religion.

Existentialism is one of the philosophical schools that have played a significant role in today's world of art and literature. Although some part of it can be seen as «Existence Philosophy» in the Islamic culture. Since contemporary poets and authors should be familiar with literature, artistic and intellectual, so it cannot be ignored the contribution of Existential Thought and the most important components in the Contemporary World Literature. SHafiei kadkani and Adonis have tried to mix the philosophical thoughts with poem, while they had noticed to the west literature and the translation movement. Thus, the authors strive to clarify the components of existentialism (Existentialism, Humanism / the dead God, freedom and responsibility, Existential Time) in their poems and their content analysis; both show the effects of philosophy on the today's poems and emphasis that understanding of the contemporary poem without enticement to philosophical thoughts it’s not possible. In the Shafiei and Adonis poetries although there are fundamental differences in the Existential Thought that it relates to the different trends (God and atheism) in this school.

In this paper, we attempt to overview the modern Tajik poetry and poets whose poem’s had influenced by the modern Poetry of Iran.
The necessity and importance of this research is to help on the comparative studies of researchers who wish to search on Iran and Tajik modern Poetry, and it will be also a help to specialists in other fields such as Literature, History of Literature, Poetry and Blank verse Poems.
The methodology base consists of journals and researches of skilled Poets and critics and then we tried to analysis different Iran and Tajik Poems, and specially Ahmad Shamloo and Dara Nejat’s Poetry.
What we have been able to find out is, as a typical representative of the third generation Tajik poets, Dara Nejat, has been the most affected poets by Iranian Poetry. The ability of his local dialectic words and terminology, has simulated from Nima Yushij, Sohrab Sepehri surrealism of nature and free versing from Ahmad Shamloo. However, he has his own special style, which is collected from his ideology in pantheism, religious spiritualism, is most coordinated with his beautiful mimesis of Tajikistan nature and political-socialism gives Dara’s poetry more optimism about the world, deviation and unparalleled terminology formation than, Shamloo’s poetry.
But it must be said that with all the influence of Shamloo, Dara Nejat had written Tajik Blank verse.

Modern poetry has considered social issues as first priority in its topics and it has introduced poets to literary history who tried to symbolize social issues and solve social problems. Badr Shaker al-Sayyab, the contemporary Arab poet, and Qeisar Aminpoor, the contemporary and revolutionary poet in Persian literature, are among those men of letter who have been concerned extremely for commitment to social issues and have left many poems on this topic. Reflecting oppression and corruption in society, calling for peace, freedom, and encouraging struggle and jihad are the most prominent social themes in their poems.In this study, the researchers have tried to focus on these four themes by studying the poems of these two poets aiming to explore and discover examples of conformity and explain the differences between the two environments as they belong to two seemingly different cultures.To see how these ideashave emerged in these parts of the world.

Two historical events belonging to the times of the hakhamaneshi’s ruler called First Daryoosh’ have been brought in Herodout’s history which is very similar to two stories in Kalileh va Demnch and Marzbannameh; one of them is the adventure of the conquering of Babel done by Daryoosh and it resulted in Iranian’s victory and the concuest of Babel by Zoupiyer’s trick and plan. The symbolic story called ‘Booman-o-Zaghan’in Kalileh va Dmneh is the most similar story to this mentioned event. The other event was the punishment and execution of Intaphern who was Daryoosh’s freindgh and one of the seven people who turned against Geoomatehmo (Falsehood Bardia) this caused that Hakhamaneshies again governed. This story with small changes in tense, places, person, and characters with the keeping of main subject has been repeated as ‘Hanbooy and Zahhak’.
In present speech the stories have been analyzed and compared with each other two by two. The stages and themes, conversations and characters have been consideved one by one.
It has been pointed to similarities, differences, and qualities. The main basis of stories has been analyzed by the description of contect as wellas searching in documents and the books of the library.

value the of literatureworks of a nation is showed better and more accurate by imperative literature and indication magnitude of its influence and reflection on literature of other nations and enriching to the world literature. the Trade Between Persian literature and Arabic literature is old and important for these two nations. In the Persian poets, influence of khayyam is visibly and unparalleled on the Arabic modern poets and belletrists And translators of his Rubaiyat thatprobe about this matter needs to more attempt by researchers. Analyzing the influence of khayyam on safi who is one of the best translators of his Rubaiyat and a laureate poet of araq has its special significance. This research aims to demonstrate the influence of some ideas of khayyam Rubaiyat on safi poems. This is an attempt to investigate and analyze some common ideas and thoughts of khayam and safi based on French school in comparative literature studies and by analysis - descriptive manner¡ Then to display the approximation of these common ideas aboveboard by documentation of their poems.

A Comparative analysis of “Sovashoun” novel with “ Sibaq al-msafat al-tavilah”
This article tries to does a Comparative analysis o the “Savushun” novel written by Simin Daneshvar and “ Sibaq al-msafat al-tavilah” written by Abdul Rahman Monif. In this study, some story elements such as characterization, point of view, Themes and Style have been analyzed. Similarities and differences have been specified with regard to both writers views and the space of novels have been described .Because of describing the special period of Iranian history by both writers and also with regard to accounting this novels as political- historical novels. The research has tried to analyze the historical perspective and Political secrets of these novels. Based on a content analysis method used in American comparative school, this study, in a descriptive-analytic way, concludes that presence of foreigners and their conspiracy in the country, civil unrest, outbreak of sedition, devotion pillars of the state, mass negligence, resistance and ... are among the common threats which have been clearly manifested in these two novels.