فصلنامه پژوهش های منطقه ای
سال ششم شماره 21 (پاییز 1397)

The Islamic religious movements of Indonesia's Muslims are diversified in their interaction with the Middle East's intellectual currents. Muslim groups have experienced epistemological religious polarization and live in a culturally religious pluralist system. The country has the largest Muslim population among Islamic countries and is considered one of the largest archipelago of East Asia. Most Muslims in the country have Shafi'i religion in jurisprudence, and in theology are Matoridye. They turned to the formation of a new political system to emancipate colonial oppression. This Muslim country came to independence in 1945, and the revolutionary leaders of these islands experienced many epistemological religious movements. In this paper, we are going to take this question, what are Indonesian religious movements and will express their influence on the Islamic religious movements of the Middle East, in a similar way with the approach of historical sociology and analytical-descriptive methods.  

The same proportion Islamic awakening - civilization promise to return to the values of justice and the cultural and peaceful communicative action of Islamic civilization, it has equally created challenges and fears for the domination system. In this regard, during the past years, the awakening of Islamic civilization within itself has placed two potential opportunity and threat. The research seeks to dissection the Panic Shiite Illusion as one of the most important threats of Islamic-civilization awakening. From this aspect, the causes of the occurrence and strategies to deal with it is the main concern of this paper. According to the author’s view, international hegemonic strategists, after the advent of civilization awakening in Iran and its issuance, have noticed the high potential of the Shiite’s soft power to streamline justice, confronting oppression and independence, which if not controlled, soon will bring the borders of Iran and will provide the context for the spread of political Islam and Islamic governments similar to Iran in the Middle East; therefore, the panic shiite project is designed to confiscate the noble concepts of pure Islam, whose strategy for confronting it is political insight and exploration of peaceful and unilateral teachings and wisely and spiritual communicative action of Islam.

The Islamic world, especially Afghanistan and Pakistan, has seen the formation and growth of various currents with different thoughts in the last few decades, most of which have come to be known as "religious extremism", "Islamism", "radicalism", and perhaps "terrorism". The benevolent goals of some individuals, centers and religious institutions as well as malicious policies of colonialism and arrogance can be mentioned as the most important factors in this field. Meanwhile, perhaps between the terms "extremism" with its similar titles may be confused, desired or undesirable; whereas many religious currents have the demands of the rightful and legal standards, and their policy is different from those who promote religious and ethnic unconventional violence. Therefore, in the present article, while studying the character of extremism and its main features, especially in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the role of two factors of foreign interposition and the method of teaching governing religious schools, as the main platforms and stimuli in this field, Attention has been paid.

The Muslim Brotherhood, as a political and social movement, has undergone many changes in Egypt's recent 100 years history. Along with these developments, research into the approaches and policies of this movement, especially in the recent decade and after Egypt's 2011 revolution, has attracted researchers. One of the important issues that attracted the attention of many analysts is the rapid power and decline of this movement in the Egyptian political arena. So creates this question, what are reasons of appearance of the Muslim Brotherhood at the head of Egyptian political power and why it quickly decayed? This research intends to answer this question using an analytical descriptive - analytical method. Studies of research shows that factors such as religious ideology, strong organization, popular support and emphasis on political participation have contributed to the strengthening of the Muslim Brotherhood and on the other hand, components such as the lack of strong and coherent leadership after power, inconsistency in opinion and practice, lack of consensus and engagement with other political groups and dependence on the West led to the Brotherhood collapse of power.

The formation and expansion of Takfiri movements, with regard to characteristics such as narrativity, anti-rationalism, anti-unity and violence, have created many challenges against the discourse of the Islamic Revolution. Accordingly, in order to confronting with the dangers of these currents, prospects and futures studies should be considered and addressed, and designed various scenarios (necessity discussion). The present article seeks to answer the question of how the future of takfiri movements will be in the face of the Islamic Revolution (the main question). Regarding the three essential components of scenario planning and scenario writing, the optimistic, pessimistic and continuation of the current situation, the future scenarios of the activities of takfiri movements in the face of the Islamic Revolution include the regeneration scenario of takfiri currents, the complete failure scenario Takfiri and the scenario of marginal maintenance of takfiri currents and the exploitation of regional and trans-regional powers them (Findings of the research). In this paper, a three-dimensional scenario method has been used to explain the discussion of futures studies and scenario planning (theoretical foundations and methodology).