نشریه نهال و بذر
سال بیست و ششم شماره 4 (زمستان 1389)

Reponse of twenty two tomato genotypes was evaluated in field and greenhouse under artificial inoculation with a virulent isolate of Alternaria alternata the causal agent of alternaria stem canker. The experiments were in RCBD in field and RCD in greenhouse with four replications. After appearance of disease symptoms, different characteristics including disease index were recorded for each treatment. Results of evaluation to stem canker disease showed that cultivars King stone, Early orbano VF and FDT 202, with disease index of 1.62, 2.11, 2.02 in field and 1.25, 1.80, 1.95 in greenhouse respectively, and hybrid Sunny × Sp-100 with disease index of 1.55 in field and 1.80 in greenhouse had the least disease infection and considered as resistant genotype. In addition to the susceptible check cultivar Peto early ch, lines L106, L107 and L109 had the highest disease scale in both field and greenhouse experiments so were susceptible to the disease.

More than 50 quince genotypes have been collected in national quince collection that a few morphological and genetical information are available now on these genotypes. In order to study the genetical basis of diversity in this collection, current research was conducted, principally aimed at evaluation of the transferability of some apple SSRs to some quince genotypes. The DNA of 13 quince genotypes, as well as DNA of cultivar "Isfahan" were extracted using modified CTAB, modified SDS and a combined CTAB, SDS methods, that last method resulted in the best quality of extracted DNAs. Quince DNAs were amplified with eight primer sets of apple SSR including CH05d04, CH02b10, CH02d08, CH03g06, CH02h11a, CH04e03, CH04a12 and NZ02b01. Seven pairs out of eight primer pairs amplified a totally 33 SSR loci, that six pairs demonstrated the genetic variation of tested quince genotypes. CH03g06 was able to amplify the highest allelic number as well as resulting the highest index of polymorphism information content. The tested quince genotypes were clustered in eight categories, consisted of 1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1 and 1 genotypes. In the 6th group two genotypes SHA1 and SVS2 seemed to be synonyms.

A study was conducted to determine genetic control, GCA and SCA for yield and yield components in white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Five parents and 10 F1 hybrids were evaluated by diallel analysis using Griffing model 2 of method 2. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications conducted in normal and water stress conditions in the Khompin National Bean Research Station in 2005. The results of analysis of variance under two conditions showed significant differences among all genotypes for most of the traits. GCA and SCA in the normal condition were significant for pods/plant, seeds/plant and seed yield. GCA for seed/pod was also significant. Therefore, additive and non additive effects were important in controlling these traits. In the water stress condition, GCA and SCA were significant for pods/plant and seed yield. The highest positive value of GCA in normal condition for yield and yield components was related to parent genotype KS 41107 and in water stress condition to the other parent cultivar Dehghan. Therefore, these parents could be used in breeding programs. Estimating of genetic parameters by Hayman method showed that dominance effect was more important than the additive effects for pods/plant, seed/plant and seed yield in the normal condition. Average degree of dominance for all traits was more than 1 except for 100 seed weight. Therefore, for these traits over dominance effect was identified.

Cytoplasmic male sterile lines for Iranian rice cultivars, Neda, Tarom, Shastak-Mohamadi, Nemat, Onda, Hassani Rishak Ghermez, Amol 3, Dasht, Khazar and Sepidrod were developed after six repeated back crosses generations in the research farm of University of Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences, Sari, Iran. STS markers (BF-STS-401 and BF-STS-402) were used for distinguishing CMS from maintainer lines or other self-fertile genotypes. The results showed that CMS lines possess two bands (464 and 335 bp) and maintainer lines possess only 335 bp bands. The results of studying allogamic traits indicated that florets of the Iranian CMS lines Sepidrod, Tarom, Amol 3, Dasht, Gerdeh, Hassani Rishak Ghermez and Neda were closed later than those of their male parents. The results also showed that glume openning time had significant positive correlation with filament length (0.720) and stigma length (0.889). Based of the results of the present study, it seems that Iranian CMS lines Neda, Tarom and Sepidrod are more suitable for hybrid seed production due to their favorable and superior floral characteristics.

In this research resistance of thirteen commercial potato cultivars to R. solanacearum was studied under in vitro and greenhouse conditions and the efficiency of these two techniques were compared. Cultivars Picaso, Raja, Santana, Agria, Herta, Marfona, Diamont, Sante, Milova and Phiana showed different degrees of susceptibility to R. solanacearum under both conditions. Under in vitro conditions cultivars Casmus, Els and Bolesta showed no disease symptoms while pathogen was detected in these cultivars. Under greenhouse conditions cultivar Casmus also showed no symptom but R. solanacearum was detected in its tissues. Cultivars Els and Bolesta which were phenotipically resistant, were assessed positive for R. solanacearum infection under in vitro conditions. Our results showed that resistance evaluation under in vitro and greenhouse conditions were not significantly different. Therefore, the in vitro technique developed in this research is a reliable, cost effective and a quick method for evaluating resistance against R. solanacearum in potato plants.

To assess the genetic diversity and relationship among the 72 grapevine cultivars grown in collection garden of West Azarbaijan province, Iran, 23 SSR loci were analyzed. All microsatellite primers amplified a total of 199 polymorphic bands in tested grapevinecultivars. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two alleles at VVS3 to 15 at VMC6G7 with an average of 8. 65. The PIC value varied between 0. 88 at VMC6G7 locus and 0. 37 at VVS3 and ZAG83, with an average of 0. 67. The expected heterozigosity (He) varied from 0. 89 at VMC6G7 locus to 0. 49 at ZAG83 with an average of 0. 7. Cluster analysis based on the molecular data classified all cultivars into six groups. Based on microsatellite analysis, several synonyms such as ׳ Moseli ׳ and ׳ Saghal Solian ׳, ׳ Rasha ׳ and ׳ Khoshnav ׳, ׳ Siyah Mamoli ׳ and ׳ Klka Revi ׳, ׳ Tabarze Sefid ׳ and ׳ Tabarze Ghermez ׳, ׳ Fakhri ׳ and ׳ Dizmari ׳ and between three cultivars of' ׳ Keshmeshi Sefid ׳, ׳ Bidane Ghermez ׳ and ׳ Rejin ׳. Misnaiming of Alhaghi and Shahroudi as well as Khallili Sefid and Khallili Ghermez was detected.

This project was conducted in 2008 growing season in order to explore and evaluate the resistance of some Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) cultivars including " KS6 ", " KS7 ", "KS8", "KS9", "KS10", "KS11", "KS12", "KS13" and "KS14" to pear lace bug (Stephanitis-pyri F.). Evaluation of insect resistance were determined based on the number of insects on leaves, leaf damage rate, total fruit yield, amount of fruit loss, relative water content and leaf chlorophyll content. KS8 and KS14 cultivars with a few numbers of pear lace bug and lower leaf damage rate, KS6 and KS13 with the highest fruit yield and higher chlorophyll content, were found to be moderately resistant to the lace bug of the antixenosis and tolerance types, respectively. Assessed correlation of relative water content and resistance components, indicated positive correlations among them.

Nine populations of sect. Hymenobrychis of sainfoin were collected from natural habitats across Iran. Number and size of chromosomes as well as karyotypic formula of the populations were assessed using their root tip meristemes. The basic chromosome number varied between x=7 and x=8 and their chromosomal type was metacentric and sub-metacentric. The highest genomes length belonged to O. chorassanica (22.144µm) and the lowest to O. amoana subsp. meshhedensis (14.409µm). The results of analysis of variance based on unbalanced completely randomized design showed significant differences among the populations for the most of the studied traits (P<%1). O. michauxii 2 was classified as asymmetric class of B and others as A. O. amoena subsp. meshhedensis with 14m formula, stand in A class with had the most relative length of shortest chromosome (68.26), lowest intra chromosal asymmetrical (0.12) lowest differences of relative length(5.31) and the high total form percentage was the most symmetrical species. Using principal components analysis, the first three components justified %95.4 of total variance. By cutting dendrogram, resulted from cluster analysis based on the karyptipic parameters species, the highest distance obtained between O. mazanderanica and O. michauxii and the lowest metric distance value obtained between populations of O. mazanderanica.

Durum wheat due to its quality is an important crop in feeding and economics. Saji is a newly released durum wheat cultivar with a mean yield of 2824 kgha-1 which was higher than the two durum wheat (Zardak) and bread wheat (Sardari) check cultivars in different yield traits conducted during 2000-2008 cropping seasons in Iran. Its grain yield was 23% and 11% higher than those of Zardak and Sardari cultivars, respectively over the years. In farmers fields Saji cultivar producted a mean grain yield of 2767 kgha-1 which was 51% and 42% more than the yield of Zardak and Sardari cultivars, respectively. In experiments with two supplementary irrigations (during flowering to maturity stages), Saji cultivar produced 59% and 63% higher grain yield in moderate cold and moderate warm areas of Iran. Saji is a facultative cultivar with 13% seed protein. It is an early maturity cultivar, moderately resistant to rusts and bunts and resistant to lodging. It is highly adapted to moderately cold and warm rainfed areas of Iran and suitable for supplemental irrigation conditions.

Drylands cover about 6.2 million hectares of arable lands across Iran, but annual feed legumes are not present in rainfed crop rotations. Introduction of new forage cultivars with high productivity and nutritive values is a key solution in drylands development. Vd-2446 a vetch (Vicia dasycarpa) line with origin of Italy has been selected from vetch nurseries provided by ICARDA during 1995 and was evaluated along with other selected lines and local checks over 9 years in different research stations and on-farm conditions. Vd-2446 with mean 2240 kgha-1 dry biomass over environments, high stability and higher protein content compared to other lines and local check was Selected as a suitable cultivar for cultivation as a spring crop in cold areas and as a winter crop in moderate cold drylands of Iran. It was officially registered by Agricultural Research, Eduction and Extension Organization in 2009 and named Maragheh.