نشریه نهال و بذر
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 3 (پاییز 1390)

This experiment was carried out in an apple orchard in Khodabandeh, Iran during 2007 and 2008, to investigate the effects of three apple rootstocks (M9, MM111, and MM106) on some characteristics of Delbarstival apple cultivar. The experimented trees were 6 years old on stage of commercial cropping. The experiment was planned in a randomized complete block design with three treatments (rootstocks) and six replications. Results indicated that rootstock affected leaf chlorophyll content, average of leaf area, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA), tree height, primary fruit number, yield and yield efficiency. Minerals concentration of leaf such as N, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, B and Cu were influenced by rootstocks. The highest leaf chlorophyll content, tree height and N, Fe, B and Cu concentrations of leaf were measured for scions grafted on MM111, but flower number, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) and Cu and Mn concentrations of leaf were higher when grafted on MM106. Delbarstival apple cultivar on M9 rootstock produced the highest yield/ha and yield efficiency.

Fifteen sufflower genotypes selected from collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran were assessed in two separate experiments of normal and stress conditions in randomized complete block design with three replications. Both experiments were irrigated to the time of 50% heading based on 80 millimeter evaporation form class A evaporation pan. From this time on, irrigation was performed based on 180 millimeter evaporation in drought stress experiment. Genotypes 532 from Spain, IL111, 633.1 and 642.2 from Iran and 772.1 from USA had the highest and genotypes 753.2 and 581 the lowest seed yield in both conditions. In principal component analysis on the basis of drought resistance indices, the first two components comprised 96.9% of the total variation in data. Based on the coefficients of indices, the first principal component indicated stress tolerance and the second principal component expresses high yield potential in favorable condition. DRI index was calculated in order to differentiate the variation of seed yield in stress condition from potential seed yield and time of maturity. Coefficient of determination for regression of yield in stress condition on yield in non-stress condition and days to flowering (0.61) indicated that only a part of yield of genotypes in stress condition is affected by potential yield and time of maturity. Cluster analysis located the genotypes within three groups of tolerant, intermediate and susceptible.

To identify drought tolerant genotypes, 62 kabuli type chickpea genotypes with two control cultivars (Jam and Korosh) were evaluated in a simple lattice design (8×8) under two conditions (stress and non-stress) in the research field of Agricultural College of Tehran University in 2010. MP, GMP, HARM and STI indices were used as drought tolerance indices for screening tolerant genotypes. Based on the results of principal components analysis, the first component which explained 65.84 percent of data variations (as a component of potential and sustainability yield and drought tolerance), and the second component which explained 33.59 percent variations of the data (as a component of sensitivity to stress), genotypes no. 2, 120, 139, 357, 356, 239 and two control cultivars Jam and Korosh were recognized as tolerant genotypes with high yield, and genotypes no. 236, 323, 306, 525 and 318 as drought-sensitive genotypes. Cluster analysis based on MP, GMP, HARM, STI and DRI indices and yield under stress and non-stress conditions classified genotypes into four clusters that most of the drought tolerant genotypes were located in the first cluster and most of the drought-sensitive genotypes with the largest distance were located in the fourth cluster.

Ninety barley Doubled haploid lines originated from crossing between six barley cultivars in Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew and some agronomic traits in field in 2007. Six parent cultivars and a powdery mildew susceptible check cultivar, Afzal were also included. Sixty two doubled haploid lines showed high levels of resistance and twenty eight lines were susceptible or moderately susceptible, indicating that the crossing program was successful in transferring resistance from parental cultivars to doubled haploid lines. Lines of group B1 (cv. Legia × Rihan) were all resistant while lines of group B6 (cv. Rihan × Legia) were all susceptible to powdery midew. Lines of group B2 (cv. Igra × Riham) with average 211.80 days to maturity were the most early maturity lines, and line of group B3 (cv. Igra × Kavir) with average 56.10g of 1000kw were the most high yielding lines.

Oroum is a new bread wheat cultivar originated from the cross between cultivar Alvand and an exotic wheat line (NS732/Her) at Oroumieh Agricultural Research Station in 1995-96 cropping season. The F1 plants were grown in Oroumieh in 1996-97 cropping season, however F2-F5 population and regional preliminary yield nursery were grown and evaluated at Miandoab Agricultural Research Station during 1997-2002 cropping seasons. Oroum was tested as C-83-7 prior to release. The performance of Oroum was evaluated in national cold breeding nursery trials during 2002-06 cropping seasons. Oroum yielded with an average of 7382 vs. 7254 kgha-1 for Shahryar (national check cultivar) in 12 stations of cold zone in 2004-06 cropping seasons. Oroum is resistant to yellow rust while Shahryar was reported very susceptible. It is a facultative type of wheat with average plant height of 88 cm. Grain color of that is amber with thousand kernel weight of 43 gram. Oroum has grains with average protein and gluten contents of 11.1% and 28%, respectively. Oroum was officially released in September 2010 for cultivation in irrigation condition in cold regions of Iran.