نشریه نهال و بذر
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1390)

In this study 56 accessions of 17 wild almond species and varieties were compared and classified based on their nut and kernel characteristics. Ten quantitative and six qualitative traits of nut and kernel were recorded. Wild almond species showed a high diversity in mentioned characteristics. Prunus haussknechtii had the biggest and heaviest nut and kernel, while P. lycioides var. horrida produced the smallest nut. P. scoparia, P. spartioides and P. erioclada showed the lightest kernel color. Based on nut and kernel characteristics, wild genotypes were classified into two clusters. These two clusters agreed the two series Icosandrae and Dodecandrea, which have already been determined. The former serie contained species from Euamygdalus and Spartioides sections.

Bromus tomentellus is one of the important and valuable grass species for forage production. In order to study the seed and dry forage yield and drought tolerance, eleven genotypes of B. tomentellus were evaluated in two separate experiments under irrigated and rainfed conditions using randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural Research Station of Broujerd, Iran, during 2005-2006. Using principal component analysis of drought resistance indices as mean productivity (MP), tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) and seed yield and forage yield in irrigated (Yn) and rainfed (Ys) conditions, genotypes were distributed in two-dimensional diagram based on of the first two principal components. Genotype 3752M with average seed yield of 265 kgha-1 and genotypes 587M, 587P7, 587P12 and 587P3 with average forage yield of 1680.3 to 1897 kgha-1 exhibited suitable drought tolerance.

In this study 278 ecotypes of cultivated barley were evaluated for qualitative and quantitative traits within a trial in SPII experimental field (Karaj, Iran). Different characters showed different levels of diversity based on descriptive statistics and Shannon diversity index. Yield, number of spikelet per spike and plant height represented the highest diversity between quantitative traits based on coefficient of variation (CV). In quantitative traits, growth habit, grain color and lemma type were the most diverse traits. Number of spikelet per spike was significantly correlated with grain yield indicating their close relationship. Cluster analysis based on agronomical and morphological traits and the origin of morphotypes resulted in clustering the ecotypes into four different groups.

To understand genetic diversity in maize inbred lines under heat stress condition, fifteen inbred lines were studied in 2007 in two planting dates, 6 July (to coincide heat stress with pollination time and grain filling period) and 27 July (optimum) based on 30 morphological traits in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Shoushtar, Iran. The results showed that under heat stress condition, the highest coefficient of phenotypic variation was obtained for ASI, grain number per ear, grain number per ear row and grain yield, and in optimum condition for of grain abortion and ASI. Cluster analysis by Ward,s minimum variance, clustered lines into three groups in both conditions. In the heat stressed condition lines K166A and K166B in the third cluster, and in the optimum condition lines K19, K3651/2, K166B and K47/2-2-1-3-3-1-1-1 in the third cluster were suitable because of having higher values for yield and other desirable traits and also lower amounts of grain abortion percent, ASI and grain protein contents. In heat stress condition, lines of the second and third clusters and in optimum conditions lines of the first and third clusters seem to be suitable for creating diversity in different characteristics if they are used in hybridization programs.

One hundres five accessions of Kabuli type chickpea received from National Plant Gene Bank of Iran, Karaj, with five check cultivars (Arman, Jam, Hashem, Bivanij and ILC- 482) were grown on the basis of augment design during 2006 and 2007 in research field of College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Based on ANOVA, coefficient of variations for chickpea seed yield, number of primary branches and harvest index were 22.89, 22.2 and 19.49, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated positive and significant correlation between seed yield with harvest index and canopy width. Factor analysis identified six factors, accounting 75.82 % of total variations. In RAPD analysis with 26 random primers, 564 bands were amplified that 321 of them were polymorph. N number of polymorphic bands ranged from 15 to 28 per primer and t he most informative loci was D12. Polymorphic information content (PIC value) ranged from 0.09 to 0.66 and marker index (MI) ranged from 5.26 to 41.27 per primer. A maximum genetic similarity value of 0.97 was observed between accessions No. 85 and 86 and a minimum similarity value of 0.68 between accession No. 20 and ILC-482. Clustering analysis classified the chickpea accessions and cultivars in to 10 major groups and the number of the subgroups were strongly supported by high bootstrap value. The results showed that RAPD molecular marker can reveal relatively acceptable polymorphism and genetic variation detected in this study can be useful for enhancing the genetic base of breeding programs.

One hundred and twelve local bread wheat genotypes available in the wheat collection of Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) were evaluated in a non-replicated experiment in research farm of SPII, Karaj, Iran in 2009-2010 cropping season. The genotypes were compared with two bread wheat check cultivars Pishgam and Pishtaz. Each genotype was planted in two rows of one meter long. The checks were repeated between the rows of every 20 genotypes. Descriptive analysis of data showed presence of a vast genetic variability among the genotypes for the quantitative and qualitative traits. Stepwise regression analysis showed that seed number per spike and biological yield had positive and significant effects on yield and remained in the final model with adj.R2~70%. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method grouped the bread wheat genotypes in eight groups. Based on field evaluations and data analysis, 22 genotypes were selected for further evaluation in succeeding years.

To determine chromosomal localization and relationship between field and laboratory indicators of drought tolerance, an experiment was conducted in 2003-2004 cropping season at Sararood agricultural research station, Kermanshah, Iran. Seven genotypes of wheat-barley disomic addition lines provided by International Center for Agricultural Research in Dryland Areas (ICARDA), their donor and recipients together with barley (cv. Sararood-1) and bread wheat (cv. Sardari) checks were grown in a RCBD in field and a CRD in laboratory with three replications. The results of analysis of variance exhibited highly significant differences for promptness index (PI), root length (RL), coleoptile length (CL), yield potential (Yp) and stress yield (Ys). Mean comparison indicated that drought tolerance attributes were related to chromosomes 4H and 5H. Relationship between field (STI) and laboratory (GSI) indicators of drought tolerance showed that GSI can be considerd as an early selection criterion for drought tolerance. Three –D plot and cluster analysis also confirmed that most probably the genes controlling field and laboratory characteristics of drought tolerance in barley might be located on chromosomes 4H and 5H

To identify the drought tolerant genotypes of chitti bean, an experiment was conducted in Bean Research Station of Khomein in 2007. One hundred Chitti bean genotypes were evaluated in an augment design with three controls under irrigation and drought stress conditions. Irrigations in normal and drought stress conditions were applied after 50 and 100 mm evaporation from class A tank. The results showed that drought stress decreased the yield of genotypes up to 41.16 percent. Drought tolerance indices namely arithmetic mean (MP), geometric mean (GMP), stress tolerance (STI), stress susceptibility (SSI) and tolerance were calculated. Based on the correlation between drought stress indices and yield in two conditions, STI and SSI were found to be the best indices to identify tolerant genotypes. genotypes KS21181, KS21247, KS21212, KS21216, KS21189 and KS21191 were identified as drought tolerant using biplot, SSI, GMP and other indices.

Mihan is a new bread wheat cultivar originated from the cross between Iranian cultivar Barakat with the Chinese cultivar 90-Zhong 87 at Karaj Research Station in 1995-96 cropping season. The F1 plants were grown at Karaj in 1996-97 cropping season, furthermore F2-F6 populations and regional preliminary yield nursery were evaluated at Ardebil Agricultural Research Station during 1997-2003 cropping seasons. Mihan was tested as C-84-8 prior to release. Mihan has been tested in yield trials under normal irrigation and post-anthesis drought stress conditions in cold regions of Iran. It yielded well under both conditions. The mean grain yield of Mihan under normal irrigation and post-anthesis drought stress conditions was higher (7787 and 5967 kgha-1) than the mean yield of national check cultivar Shahryar (7064 and 4714 kgha-1), respectively. Mihan is a winter wheat with amber kernel. Its average height is 84 cm and is resistant to the yellow rust. Its average thousand kernel weight under normal irrigation and drought condition was 43 and 34 gram, respectively. Mihan has grains with average protein and gluten contents of 11% and 26.4, respectively. Mihan was officially released in January 2011 for cultivation in cold regions of Iran with post-anthesis drought stress condition.

Zareh was primarily received as an introduction wheat within the Winter Wheat Observation Nursery for Irrigated Areas (WWON-IR) with pedigree of 130L1.11//F35.70/Mo73/4/Ymh/Tob//Mcd/3/Lira from CIMMYT-Turkey in 2001-02 cropping season. Zareh was tested as C-83-8 in yield trials under normal irrigation and post-anthesis drought stress conditions in cold regions of Iran. It outyielded Shahryar (national check cultivar) under normal irrigation (7550 vs. 7254 kgha-1) and post-anthesis drought stress conditions (4893 vs. 4328 kgha-1), so it is recommended for cultivation under both conditions. Zareh is a winter wheat with red kernel. Its average height is 98 cm and it is resistant to the yellow rust. Its average thousand kernel weight under normal irrigation and drought condition was 40 and 31 gram, respectively. Zareh has grains with average protein and gluten content of 11.4% and 31.5%, respectively. Zareh was officially released in September 2010 for cultivation in cold regions of Iran with post-anthesis drought stress conditions.