فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 11، پاییز 1391)

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental marital conflict and domestic violence against adolescent girls، in Ahwaz. The study population consisted of all high school students and their parents in the city of Ahwaz. Of these، 384 were selected، through Multi-Stage sampling، as the sample group. The Measure of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ، (Bernstein، 1995) and the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) (Barati & Sanae، 2004) were used. Statistical analysis، standard deviation، and Pearson regression analysis were used. According to the study، there is a significant correlation between parental marital conflict and violence against girls. The correlation can be further broken down by the types of marital conflict (such as: failure to compromise، increased emotional reactions، and lack of support from family، relatives and friends of the spouse) and violence against the girls. However، no correlations were observed when considering the relationship between the parents with their own friends and family and the financial independence of the parents. The results of this study also suggest that a significant correlation exists between the marital conflict and type of domestic violence (physical، emotional، neglect) against the girls. The relationship with relatives and friends of the spouse had the greatest impact on the violence against girls.

Like any society that is in transition or that is developing، Iranian society relies upon women’s participation as half of the active members of society، in various fields. Since the family is the first and most important socialization agent، its impacts on participation can affect the level of women’s participation، including their political participation. Through discussions and conversations at home، children become familiar with the values and attitudes of their parents and، in this way، the parents’ interest or apathy in political issues is expressed. Therefore، it seems that family situation and social position influences people’s level of political participation. This paper is based on the results of an extensive survey which was carried out at East Azerbaijan province، among women 18 to 64 years. The sample size was 1074 people. The sampling method is multi-stage clustering and the data was gathered through questionnaires. The results show that the parents of respondents have medium or higher tendency toward political participation and also participate in various associations. Results of correlation tests between the independent and dependent variables show that parents’ tendency to political participation has influences on respondents activity in associations and eventually influences on the overall level of political participation.

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of sex and gender role on friendship patterns between both sexes and the main question of this project is: do gender roles have an effect on friendship patterns? A sample of 197 female students and 138 male students from the University of Tehran were selected to participate in the study. The methods used in this research were two questionnaires of the Friendship Quality (Hejaze، 1996) and Sex Role Inventory (Bem، 1981). Data was analyzed using independent t-test and correlation chi square. The results of the study showed that there is a meaningful connection between gender and friendship pattern، for example، the women are more intimate with their friends and، therefore، are more satisfied، whereas men are more trusting of their friends. Additionally، the findings do not indicate any meaningful connection between gender roles and friendship patterns. In fact gender role cannot predict friendship patterns.

The way of consumption of goods and available services in the society and their consumption amount has been، and still is one of the societies concerns in both aspects of economic and values. In societies based on Islamic values، uncontrolled consumptions and what is called splurge and dissipation is considered as a major economic issues. This study aims to explore the consumption behavior of households living in Shiraz with a sociological approach. Theoretical the framework was designed and chosen based on the Ajzen model. Data was collected from a sample of 383 married women living in the city of Shiraz by a researcher-made questionnaire. The sampling method was clustered. Multiple regression technique and Path analysis was used in order to interpret the data. Results showed that different aspects of religiosity (ritual، experiential، sequential and cognitive) had a significant negative correlation with the attitude towards consumption. In another aspect، the attitude towards consumption has a significant positive relation with the consumer behavior.

This study investigated the effect of emotional safety training on marital conflict and subjective well-being of the married women in the city of Isfahan. A semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design was carried out. Statistical population of this research included all the female members of one of the cultural centers in Isfahan، who had at least one year of married life experience. Research sample included 40 married women who were selected within availability sampling method and were randomly assigned in control and experimental groups. The research tools were marital conflict questionnaire and subjective well-being questionnaire. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data collected by SPSS software. The result indicated that emotional safety training significantly influenced the marital conflict and all its dimensions (P<0. 05). The results also revealed a meaningful influence on two dimensions of subjective well- being، determination and neurosis، however، the results show no meaningful influence on vitality and stress- depression which are the next two dimensions of subjective well- being

The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of mass media on public self-portrayal. Based on the results of the review comments، and review of empirical sources، a conceptual framework and main hypothesis have been proposed. The method of data collection was through use of questionnaires. The statistical population was women in the range 17 to 40 years of age in Baneh City، of which 480 were selected by multistage random sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the exposure to mass media and self-portrayal. Women who were exposed to the local media were affected less while women who were exposed to foreign media showed a greater effect on self-portrayal. This data shows a change in cognitive، action and behavior patterns and indicates new trends. The relationship between self-portrayal and age showed a lesser influence when compared to the effects of socio-economic status. The variables in the multivariate analysis: domestic and foreign media exposure، socio-economic status and age، showed the greatest to least relationship with the dependent variable، respectively، and accounted for 40 percent of the overall effect.

The purpose of this study is to examine women’s views of the effects of using ICT on their socioeconomic activities in villages of Korbal Rural District of Shiraz Provincial Town. The research method is of the descriptive (surveying) type. The population consisted of all women of villages of Korbal Rural District of Shiraz Provincial Town (villages having an ICT Center) which had a population of 1950 persons، in 2011. The sample consisted of 320 women who were selected at random. The method for collecting data consisted of the bibliographical method and an author-developed questionnaire (containing 30 items with Likert 5-point scale). Using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient، the reliability of the test was found to be 0. 87. Data was analyzed at descriptive level (using frequency distribution، frequency percentage tables and drawing charts)، and at inferential level (using chi-square test، Mann-Whitney U-test، and Kruscal-Wallis test). The findings of this study show that the use of ICT، improvement in information and knowledge enhancement، the attitude towards life، enhancement of the spirit of participation، and increasing the skills required were all significantly affecting the socioeconomic activities of rural women. That effectiveness was the same in in married women irrespective of their age، number of children and education level، however، the effects were different when comparing women that were employed against housewives.

The objective of this applied research is to study the variables that affect development of household jobs from rural women and to provide expert perspective on the data. The methodology of this research was a descriptive survey which was conducted in 2011. The statistical population of this study consisted of 15000 rural women and 50 expert officer of household jobs. Sample size was determined by Morgan table n=375 rural women and 50 expert officers. 300 questionnaires were complete and analyzed. The sampling method employed was proportional stratified sampling، which was conducted in two phases. Confirmation of validity of the method was obtained by content validity while reliability was measured by Chronbach’s alpha coeffient (0/72). Findings showed that the most important variables that affect development of household jobs، from women’s perspectives include: skills، expertise and experience، motivation to obtain more independence، and introduction to and meeting with mentors. However، the most important variables from the experts’ perspectives are: conducting educational classes، meeting the financial needs of women and creating a local market in which to sell products. Additionally، findings of this study showed that there is a significant correlation between women’s educational level، as well as their membership in cooperatives، and the entrepreneurship of household jobs in rural areas.