فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 13، بهار 1392)

This comparative study wass causal، and the aim was studying employed women and its effect on their power in decision making in the family. The target population was included all working and non-working married women families in Bookan in 1390. The sample، two groups of 70، married working women and non-working married women were selected. The first group consisted of married working women. Because of small size of the society and other criteria، all subjects of the first group were studied. But in the selection of second sample، the broad community of multi-stage cluster sampling was used. The data collected through the questionnaire، consisting of 85 sentences، showed the structure of power in the family. The data were analyzed، by the SPSS software and the appropriate level of descriptive variables measurement statistics (mode، median، mean، etc.) and inferential statistics (T-test t، and Rregression analysis، etc) were used. The results showed that working and non-working married women were significantlydifferent in Decisions making within the family. Hhighly variable possession of valuable resources (education، couple، couple''s income، possession of valuable resources)، and demographic variables (duration of married couples، aged between couples) were also affected.

The main purpose of this study was investigating rural carpet-weaving women’s problems in Hamadan Province. The population of the study included all rural carpet-weaving women residing in Hamedan Province. 163، through stratified sampling، were selected as the sample of the study. The face validity of the questionnaire was verified by a panel of experts، who also determined the reliability of the questionnaire، based on Cranach’s Alpha Coefficient (0. 87%). In data analysis part of this study، Factor Analysis method was used in order to achieve key elements and factors. Based on Factor Analysis، 6 factors were obtained. Results showed that rural carpet-weaving women'' problems could be classified in six categories or factors. The first factor، called economical and financial factor explained 15. 46 percent of variance as the most important problem. The first factor accompanied by health problems، educational، social - cultural، personal and supportive problems could explain 50. 71 percent of the total variance. Finally، according to results of the study، some recommendations have been suggested.

The aim of the research was to study the relationship between globalization، women’s identity، independence of the family، and women’s lifestyle in Estahban and Shiraz. The research used survey method which was conducted by using questionnaires. The sample consisted of women aged 20 to 45. 383 people in Shiraz and 357 women in Estahban (a total of 740 people) were studied. Results showed that women living in cities chose public areas to spend their time، but a significant difference between metropolitan city (Shiraz) and smaller towns (Estahban) was not observed. Women defined their identity as independent from family، and leisure attitudes toward the public space in urban lifestyle were connected. The results also indicated that the relationship between dimensions of globalization and lifestyle existed significantly in both cities. More representation of women in public areas made them look more feminine and had important consequences for cities whose authorities already faced some of them as problems but they have to think more about it.

The purpose of this research was examining the relationship between sexual behavior model and couples’ adjustment of women by age among the Gachsaran oil industry married women employees. The sample included 100 couples (100 female and their husbands) who were selected random. For data collecting two questionnaires were used: Sexual Behavior Model and family functioning. Statistical methods included Pearson Correlation Coefficient and independent t test. The Findings showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between female sexual dissatisfaction and the couples’ adjustment. There is a negative and significant correlation between male sexual dissatisfaction and the couples’ adjustment. There is a significant correlation between male and female couple adjustment and their related factors. The results showed that one of the most important factors in marriage is couples’ sexual behavior which is the most determining factor in the couples’ adjustment and improving their mental health.

The present study aimed at investigating the factors influencing inappropriate students who study at Payam Noor University- Darrehshahr in the city. Variables considered in this study included social- economic، religious، and friends’ position، status and so on. By using the cultural implications، the deviation theories were put forward. The framework of the research، in accord with its topic، used the cultural deviance. The study population consisted of all students، studying at Payam Noor University- Darrehshahr (about 1،600). For this study، a sample of 300 male and female students of Payam Noor University Darrehshahr in1391 was selected randomly. The instrument was a questionnaire and whose validity was examined by calculating Alpha Cronbach Coefficient. Pearson Correlation Analysis was used for statistical analysis، using (SPSS). The results indicated that gender variable and cultural trend deviations do no correlate; but social- economic status، the religion، inappropriate friends، parent reaction، and resistance ranges tended to deviate from cultural implications of the relationship. Also، 347/0% of the variance in the dependent variable in the equation can be predicted by the tendency toward deviant.

The present study aimed at investigating various dimensions of emotional and spiritual intelligence in discordant and well-adjusted couples. To this end، 45 individuals (30 women and 15 men) who referred to the Justice Center of Zahedan and sought divorce and 50 individuals (31 women and 19 men)، whom were considered as well- adjusted couples، were selected through random sampling. In this study، the emotional intelligence bar-on and the King Spiritual Intelligence questionnaire were applied. To analyze the data، the Pearson’s Correlation method، Regression analysis، and T-test were used. The findings of the current study indicated that there was a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence in both well-adjusted couples (p= /004، r= 0/37**) and discordant couples (p= /009، r= 0/43**). The results of the Regression Analysis demonstrated that in couples who were about to get divorce، there was a negative significant relation between interpersonal components and coping with stress which is one of the emotional intelligence components. The results of this study demonstated that in well-adjusted couples، the emotional and spiritual intelligence were in a better state، compared to those in discordant couples. Moreover، emotional awareness، self-expression، self-respect، self-actualization، and independence were lower in those who were about to get divorce. The results also showed that discordant couples were less likely to tolerate life problems and stresses.

Changes are inevitable in every society and rural society is no exception. Meanwhile، Media have the most roles in making of these changes in rural areas in rural youth lifestyles. In this way، because of variety of the program، TV and satellite have the most roles in this process. In fact، half of the rural youth are girls who spend lots of their time in front of TV، so they have been included in this research. The method of this study was social survey and required data were gathered by a questionnaire. Statistical population included rural girls in Bushehr. In addition، the sample of this study، 351 girls، was selected through cluster sampling in villages in Bousher Province. The results of study، collected and analyzed done by Two-Way ANOVA and Crammer’s V، showed that cell phone was the most commonly communicational devices used among girls. There was also significant relationship between age (p= 0. 001)، make up، coverage lifestyle (p= 0. 041،) and uses of visual media used by girls.

The overall aim of this study was to investigate effective factors affecting rural women''s ppsychological empowerment in Sari. To achieve this aim، women''s psychological empowerment indicators and affecting factors on women''s psychological empowerment were identified in Sari. The statistical population comprised 111124 women in the rural areas of Sari. Women were selected through stratified random sampling technique، from which a sample of 270 women was taken randomly. Research methodology applied in this study was a combination of descriptive-analytical and quantitative methods. Also Cranach’s alpha was 0. 85. The average age of women in rural areas was 46. 33 years and more than 86. 3 percent of rural women in Sari had more than 11 years of working experience in agriculture sector. The average family size was 4 per family. Also، 62 percent of the women''s psychological empowerment variance in rural areas of Sari was determined by six factors of communication rate: to have a loan from different sources، useful rate of methods and approaches، obstacles، solutions and education. The most effective factor on women''s psychological empowerment in rural areas of Sari was a loan from different source with path coefficient of 0. 423. The maximum amount was related to rural women''s loan getting from other women. The most useful methods in providing educational services for rural women in Sari were group activity methods such as educational workshops on processing agricultural products. The major barrier to rural women''s ppsychological empowerment was women''s lack of trust in each other and the main solution was giving loans and credits to rural women.