فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال پنجم شماره 1 (پیاپی 17، بهار 1393)

Sociological studies indicate that the role of household women is complex. Some women find it satisfying and others find it uniform and annoying. This article is based on research، which assesses satisfaction in women from housekeeping. Maslow''s theory is the theoretical basis of this paper that summarize the human needs for coordination with working conditions in three categories: First level is the critical needs and Biological. Second level is communication needs. The third level is the requirement for talent flourish. Accordingly، whatever provide the needs of the higher levels، is more satisfactory. The considered research methods are both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The final sample size was 390 that consist of 300 household women and 90 employed ones. These samples were selected from twenty areas of Tehran using multistage cluster sampling. The results indicate that both employed and household women define the house work as a real work and their expectation is that، first، to maintain their financial independence and peace of mind which including the needs of the first level of job satisfaction. Second، they expect that the work causes making link with others and also make them away from isolationism and also their work make benefit for their love (spouse) which is corresponded with the second level of work satisfaction. Finally، they expect that work should utilize their talents. This is exactly the third level of work satisfaction.

The aim of this study was to investigation of effectiveness of training methods solution focused therapy to increase girl''s adolescence Social adjustment and resolve crises identity in Bandar Abbas schools. the method of This study is semi-experimental kind of pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. statistical society is includes all girl''s adolescence of Bandar Abbas. The sample of this study is include 20 Person in experimental group and 20 Person in control group، that of the 89 Person that between the 185 Completing the questionnaire، who had received low scores in crises identity and Social adjustment questionnaires، were selected by cluster randomized sampling method. crises identity and Social adjustment questionnaires، with testable demographic information were used for collecting data. Data was analyzed by using analysis of covariance. The results showed that training methods solution focused therapy to increase girl''s adolescence Social adjustment and resolve crises identity has been significant and positive effect.

Leaving the home is one of the misbehaviors which is seen among children and teenagers and having very bad consequences. It is assumed as a social-domestic problem. This problem may effect on the mental health of individuals and the society. This study aimed at comparing runaway girls with normal ones in terms of socio-domestic variables. This study was an experimental study including both experiment and control groups. 30 runaway girls in the Social Emergency Services Organization of Yazd and 30 normal girls were selected randomly in order to be compared. The instrument of this study includes: Girls’ Harassment Questionnaire and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). There was a significant difference between runaway and normal girls، concerning physical harassment، ignorance، struggle and quarrel، mental harassment، Perceived Social Support (P<0. 01). The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that predictive variables explained for 68. 1 to 90. 8 percent of the variance as a criteria for running away or being normal. Based on the findings، the author suggests that families pay more attention to teenager girls. Besides، the society should be aware of the mental and emotional demands of girls.

The goal of this study is investigating the relationship between communicative skills، communicative patterns، conflict management styles and marital intimacy in Isfahanian women. In order to achieve to this، 200 women are selected from whole isfahanian ones by cluster random sampling to respond to questioners include the marital intimacy، Qeendom،s communication skills test-revised، interpersonal conflict management style)ICMSI (،the communication patterns questionnaire (CPQ(. For analyzing data، Pearson correlation is applied and multivariate regression for statistical analyzing is. The results of correlation show that all five dimensions of communicative skills(understanding verbal and nonverbal messages، listening، emotional regulation، being aware of communication process، assertiveness) have positive significant difference. There is significant correlation between all women''s dimensions of communicative patterns (mutual constructive communication، mutual avoidance communication، demand/ withdraw communication) and marital intimacy، too. There is correlation between five aspects and marital intimacy except avoidant style. Finally predicting equation of women''s marital intimacy base on row scores is attained.

The present study was conducted aimed to investigate the driving forces and hampering factors affecting development of rural women entrepreneurship in Miankoh district، Ardal Township. The research was a descriptive analytical، documentation and field studies to collect data are used. Miankoh district of all rural women are the statistical population for this study (N = 8381). The sample (254 people) was selected using a stratified sampling method and Cochran formula. Questionnaires'' reliability was confirmed through computing Cronbach Alpha Coefficient which was 0. 95 for driving forces and 0. 94 for hampering factors. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software and 4 factors were nominated and extracted as driving forces and 6 factors as hampering factors of Rural Women''s Entrepreneurship and development by using factor analysis technique. These factors 71. 824% and 67. 784% of the variance of the driving factors and hampering factors the development of entrepreneurship among rural women explain. It is revealed that contribution of driving forces for development of Rural Women''s Entrepreneurship is more than hampering factors. Thus driving forces should be improved and hampering factors should be recognized and solved for development of Rural Women''s Entrepreneurship in Miankoh District، Ardal Township

The overall aim of this research was to investigate factors affecting the risk management، proposing and designing a model among rice cultivating women in Sari. The population of the study comprised 1677 rice cultivating women in Sari of whom 248 women were selected through stratified random sampling. A combination of quantitative، descriptive-inferential statistics served as the methodology of the study and SPSS 16 and Smart PLS were applied for data analysis. Cronbach’s alpha and ordinal theta were 0. 84 and 0. 89 respectively. The average age range of women in the study was 46. 68 years and their relative work experience was 26. 17 years. Using partial least squares (PLS) the obtained model showed that 19. 2 percent of the risk management variance strategies by rice cultivating women in Sari are classified and explained by five variables of information sources، borrowing sources، financial problems range in cultivating rice، farmers'' work experience and rice cultivating women''s education level. Regarding the path coefficients، farmers'' financial problems are most effective in applying risk management strategies by rice cultivating women in Sari.

There is some evidence that out looking hope has a great role in well-being and having meaningful life. Happiness as an important component of psychology attracted the attention of psychologists in recent years. The role and importance of people''s beliefs and imagination about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives have been clear more than ever. This research aimed to study the role of out looking hope of the female teachers in predicting the happiness of the female students. The research is a co relational research which was performed among 381 female students in guidance schools in Ghaemshaher in 90-91. Among 45 female schools from four main regions of the city، ten schools were selected randomly. In each school، 3 grades and in each grade according to the whole students of the class، some students filled Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. In each class one of the teachers of that grade filled Snyder Hope Scale. Data was analyzed by T test and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Analysis clearly shows that out looking hope of the teachers is correlated with happiness of the students. The study showed that hope in teachers is an effective factor in predicting happiness of the students.

The purpose of this research was studying the relationship between factors of psychological capital and marital life among Isfahanish couples. The research method was descriptive correlating and the statistic population of the research was all of couples who lived Isfahan in 2013. Available sampling was used in the research. 75 couples selected in this way. they were asked by Lutans’s (2007) psychological capital questionnaire and Fletcher'' (2000) marital life questionnaire. Data analyzed in Inferential statistics level (pearson'' correlation coefficient، maltiple regression and independent t test). The results indicated that there was a positive relation between psychological capital and marital life among the couples (p<. /05). These results indicated also that there are a significant relationship between marital life and four factors of psychological capital (hope، self efficient، optimism and resiliency) in level of p<. /05. self efficient and resiliency were predictors for marital life in regression analysis.