فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 19، پاییز 1393)

The purpose of the present study is to offer a structural model for predicting dimensions of job burnout on the base of quality of working life، organizational commitment and knowledge management among female managers of Islamic Azad University، region 1. The research is a kind of applied and descriptive- correlative one. The statistical population consisted of 340 female managers from different educational groups working in the region one، at Islamic Azad University. 180 subjects were selected by random cluster sampling method and Morgan Table. The data were collected by four questionnaires: Job Burnout (Maslach and Jackson، 1981)، The Quality of Working Life (Walton، 1973)، Organizational Commitment (Meyer، 1990) and the Knowledge Management (Lawson، 2003). The reliability of all four questionnaires were calculated by Cronbach''s alpha. The findings showed the following 1. there is a significant and negative relationship between working life quality and two dimensions of job burnout (emotional burnout and personality transformation) and quality of working life predicts emotional burnout and personality transformation respectively. 2. Organizational commitment was only able to predict individual performance in managers'' job burnout. 3. Knowledge management was not able to predict job burnout، except individual performance which showed a positive and direct relationship with it.

Emotional Intelligence is the most recent development in understanding the relationship between thought and emotion that effectively makes a person compatible with needs، pressures and challenges of life. Marital harmony and discard is considered as one the most important and yet the most challenging issue in the field of counseling science. Investigations have shown that one of the related factors in marital relationship is perception of equity in marital relationship. This study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of emotional intelligence on marital harmony and discard with mediation of perception of equity. The subjects of the study were 150 couples (150 men، 150 women) whose children were studying at elementary schools of Shiraz، selected by multiphase random sampling in 2013. Assessment instruments contained Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Self-Report (EQS)، Marital Harmony Questionnaire (MHQ)، and Marital Discard Questionnaire (MDQ)، and Measure of Equity Perceived (MEP). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM) and also the indirect effects were tested by bootstrapping method. The results indicated that the proposed model did have good fit indices. The results also showed that the emotional intelligence affects both directly and indirectly on marital harmony and marital discard and perception of equity is known as the most important factor in healthy relationships.

Attention to the veil which is appropriate and according to the Islamic norms is considered as the most important problem of modern Muslim societies and observing the Islamic criteria and having a suitable cover is one of the most important challenges of our current society. This research examined the tendency of female student to be veiled by sociological approach. Data had been collected by survey method from a sample of 251 individuals from a population of 719 students at Abdanan Payam Nour University. The stratified random sampling method was used. The results showed that there were a relationship between the use of foreign mass media، body image، religious beliefs، socio-economic base of family and tendency to be veiled. 65% of changes have clarified the tendency for the veil. Finally the findings showed that the tendency to be veiled among Payam Nour students in Abdanan was average and more than average amount.

Today، cosmetic surgery is known as one of the most popular operations in the world. People who undergo these surgeries may not have physical problems but often do this action due to the certainly acceptable criteria of beauty in the community that is the social acceptance. Accordingly، this study intended to determine the influencing factors on the cosmetic surgery to study the effects of mass media and social acceptance on such surgeries. Method of research was survey and 385 people have been selected by stratified random sampling. The statistical methods including multiple regression and path analysis were used and estimation method of AMOS was utilized to calculate the coefficient path. The results showed that the effect of social acceptance variable on the tendency of women for cosmetic surgery is more affected than the media variable. Also، the variables mentioned above have been able to explain 31% of changes in the dependent variable.

The purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of cognitive-behavioral counseling and solution-oriented counseling on women''s sexual satisfaction in Isfahan and to compare their effects on increasing sexual satisfaction. The quasi-experimental، pretest-posttest with control and experimental group was used as a method. Population included all women referred to counseling centers and cultural centers of Isfahan in 2013، who had been married at least for one year، had a diploma degree and ranged in the age from 20 to 40 years old. 45 women selected were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The dependent variable in this study was the sexual satisfaction assessed by Larson''s sexual satisfaction questionnaire. The independent variables of cognitive-behavioral counseling (during eight sessions) and solution-oriented counseling (during six sessions) were applied on two experimental groups. Data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS 19 and covariance. The results of this study showed that the efficiency of both cognitive-behavioral and solution-oriented counseling to women''s sexual satisfaction (p<0. 01). Moreover cognitive-behavioral counseling demonstrated more effectiveness than solution-oriented counseling. Therefore، these results can be used in training، counseling and treatment centers to improve and prevent women''s sexual problems.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the Influence of home based businesses on rural women''s social empowerment. The research method was a survey and data were collected by a questionnaire and an interview. Statistical population included 265 rural women with home based business in the county of Islamabad-Qarb. The sample size consisted of 161 subjects from these rural women selected by Cochran''s formula and a random sampling method. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire and an interview whose validity was verified by a group of professors and experts. The reliability of the questions were tested during a pre-test process by using a Cronbach''s alpha test and it was 0. 92 (α=0. 92). These showed a high potential research tool for gathering information. SPSS for statistical tests and LISREL for Goodness of Fit Tests and Structural Equation Modeling were used. The results of paper showed a good and expected fitness level of the structural equation model for the rural women''s empowerment. Moreover، research findings indicated that the social empowerment of 63. 3 % of women studied was high and there was also a significant relationship between social empowerment and type of home based businesses.

Gender Issue has been a neglected concept in the sociology of religion until the second half of twentieth century. Higher religiosity of women in compare to men، their position in the hierarchy of religious authority and their involvement in religious communities have been controversial contemporary issues in this area. The emergence and expansion of new communication technologies including internet and the presence of religion on virtual space، especially virtual religious communities have made this issue more complex. This study is a part of a virtual ethnographic study which aims to explore the type and level of women''s religious participation in the virtual religious community; and whether using internet and cyberspace by women is promoting their position in the virtual religious community. Data was gathered from Imam Reza''s club on cloob. com by using webnography method and a long-term online participation، and data was analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study showed that women are more active and have higher level of participation in all types of religious activities in compare to men. They also have a good position in hierarchy of religious authority in the community. It seems that women not only have empowered themselves with the proper use of cyberspace facilities to pursue their religious interests regardless of the gender constraints of actual religious communities، but also have challenged patriarchal religious authority of religious communities. It seems that the virtual religious communities in compare to actual religious communities are more egalitarian and without gender constrains.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on forgiveness and marital adjustment among women damaged by marital infidelity. The research was a quasi-experimental study with pre and post- test design with a control group. Assessment instruments consisted of Ray''s forgiveness Questionnaire and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier، 1976). Statistical population included all women referring to counseling centers located in Shiraz during fall 2013 due to infidelity. Sampling method was purposeful and volunteers who participated in the study were chosen from 5 counseling centers. 30 women selected were randomly assigned to experimental (15 persons) and control (15 persons) groups. Treatment plan on the base of acceptance and commitment therapy was performed in 10-sessions، each for 90 minutes in group counseling form. Post- test was performed 6 months later. The results showed the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on forgiveness by 0. 72. There were significant differences between experimental and control groups in comparing mean scores of marital adjustment post-test by 0. 77. Analysis of covariance showed that the effect was significant (0. 005> P) in marital satisfaction 9. 58، correlation dimension for two people 24. 65، and mutual agreement 87. 60 and showing love 9. 62. Also results indicated that the therapeutic effect of this approach was maintained at follow-up.