فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، بهار 1394)

This research was carried out to analyze the preventive and promoter factors on development of rural women’s occupation in Najaf Abad city. The study was a descriptive-correlation survey research. The population was 15-64 -year-old rural women of Najaf Abad city (N=7354). The sample size was estimated by using the Cochran formula and180 persons were selected by using proportional sampling. Data collected by use of a questionnaire. The credibility (validity) of the questionnaire was confirmed by university faculty members of agricultural management and development of Tehran. The reliability of the research tool was proved by Cronbach-Alpha as it was suitable (over 0. 9) for main scales of the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSSwin16 software. Factor analysis results of the preventive factors showed seven groups of factors: Infrastructure-supportive، Cultural-psychological، Crafts، Social trust، Structural، Motivational-cognitive and Bank facilities that explain 66. 50 percent of the total variance. The Factor analysis results of the promoter factors showed five groups of factors: Educational-supportive، Cultural-infrastructural، Family، Economical participation and Organizational that explain 60. 68 percent of the total variance. Furthermore، the finding indicated that preventive factors are more important than promoter factors.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preparation education for marriage on marital expectations and their elements among under contract girls in Isfahan city. Quasi experimental and pre – test and post – test design with control group was used for the research method. Statistical population included all the Aghd girls who referred to one of the cultural centers of the Isfahan city and a sample of 60 Aghd girls were selected among the volunteers who enrolled in the project (they achieved higher scores in the marital expectation questionnairethan other people) they were divided randomly into control and experimental groups. Measuring instrument used in the study was Omidvar’s attitudes marital questionnaire (2008). The result of this study showed that preparation education for marriage on the marital expectations of girls are dimensions including: expectation of spouse as a friend or a supporter، expectation of marital life and expectation of ideal relationship at post – test step was significantly effective. (p<0. 005). So it can be said that marriage preparation education is effective in improving marital expectations and dimensions.

The present study was carried out to investigate and analyze the prohibitive cultural and social factors and beliefs of rural women ̕s participation in the process of planning and sustainabledevelopment of the rural residencies of Rustam city. Descriptive-analytical research method was used on the base of searching the library references، field studies and filling out the questionnaire. Gathered data were analyzed by SPSS. Understudy statistical population included rural areas of Shosini village (including Shosini، Zameni and Mir Kheriollah) located in the central division of Rustam with 2813residents and 773 households from which 966 subjects were 18-59 year-old women. A sample size of 275 women was selected. According to respondents،findings indicate that prohibitive social factors of women ̕s participation with an average of 54. 37 are more obvious than cultural ones with an average of 49. 67 in the process of planning and sustainable development of the rural residencies of Rustam city. Also، test results show a significant difference properly. As p-value is less than 0. 05، H0. Hypothesis isn’t acceptable in all cases.

This research focuses onthe effective social and cultural factors in generation gap. The main purpose of this research was to recognize the effective factors in generation gapamong Tehran families and to achieve an analytic theoretical model. The survey research method was used bymeans of questionnaires for gathering information. The sample size included 586 young people between the ages of 20 and 25 living in Tehran selected by cluster sampling and simple random sampling method. To analyze the data SPSS and Lisrel software wereutilized. The findings indicate a direct and indirect relation between independent variables and dependent variable. On the other words، there is a significant relationship between cultural and social factors including: life style، the location of residency، interaction with peer groups، social status of the parents، access to mass media، educational system and dependent variable (generation gap). Also the results of structural equation model indicated a relationship between independent and dependent variablesand the suggested models has a goodness of fitas well asconformitywith experimental data.

Women''s political participation is regarded as one of the most important issues in the areas of social and political sciences. This study attempts to investigate the social factors affecting women''s political participation and reasons of women''s limited political participation. The research was conducted by using descriptive method and survey method. The study population included all 3422women between the agesof 18 and 39 in Lamerd city and 343 subjectswere randomlyselected asasampl­eaccording to Morgan table. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and Cronbach''s alpha (0. 82) respectively. Also، implementing descriptiveand inferential statistics،data were analyzed by SPSS. The findings of the study indicate that marital status، political trust، political family، the religious debonding، the desire to gain power and authority are effective in women''s political participation.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional regulation on happiness and self -efficacy of female-headed households. The method of study was Semi- empirical (pretest and posttest) with a control group. The study population included all female-headed households in Yasuj welfare organization and 30 of these women by multi-stage cluster sampling method were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups، respectively. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Scherrer’s self-efficacy questionnaire were used. After randomlyselectingtest and control groups، emotion regulation training on the experimental group for 8 sessions of 90 minutes were performed for 2 sessions per week. After completing the curriculum، both groups were assessed. The data was statistically analyzed by using covariance analysis. The results of the data showed that emotion regulation training with control of pretest effect can increase happiness and self-efficacy among the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Emotion regulation skills can control and help people in emotional situations and Lead them into a better performance in these situations.

This study was carried out to identify cultural factors associated with trusting the spouse in families of Isfahan city. For this purpose، 400 women and men in Isfahan city who have been married for more than one year were selected by using systematic random sampling. Data were collected by using surveys and a questionnaire. Cronbach''s alpha was used to determine the reliability of the technique. The results showed that sex and religious values have significant relationship with trusting the spouse. Men trusted their wives more than women. In the results of regression model for trusting the spouse variable، the variable of religious values was entered into the model first and explained 45% of the dependent variable changes. The sex variable was entered in the model and explained 47 % of the changes. In all regression models related to dependent variable and its dimensions، variable of religious values regarding the family was entered in model as the first explanatory variable for trusting the spouse. The dimensions of honesty، openness، loyalty and good suspect and the only explanatory variable of changes for dimensions of security and emotional satisfaction were entered into the model.

Security is considered as an important social، psychological and culturalcomponent in the community which isrequired for thesocial and politicallifeof thataccordingtosociologicalstudies. The main objective ofthisstudy is to examinethe factors thatcreateandenhancethesocietal securityof women inMashhadMetropolis. The theoretical framework of this study includes the combination of ideas and theoretical approaches including power-driven، identity-based، feminist theory of urban space، defense، etc. Thisstudy isbasedonahybridapproachbased on asurveyin 2013amongwomen who were between 20 and 64 years old. The studywas conductedbyaquestionnaire witha sample size of391 patients selected­bysimplerandom samplingandcluster samplingin urbanareas ofMashhad. The relationship between the dependent variable of societal security and independent variablesincluding social support، attitudesto the irindivid­ualeconomic security، approachestocoverage، socialre­sistance، the useof communicationsandplanningandurban designwere examined. Finally، using multiple linear regression indicates that the use of mass media، vision coverage، design and urban planning، the attitude of the individual and economic security have a meaningful relationship with societal security. To compare the societal security among women in Mashhad according to area of residence، the target population was divided into two groups: the first group of women haslived at the top part of the city and the second group of women has lived in down part of Mashhad. To compare the difference between these two groups، T-test was used. The results showed no significant difference between the areas of living and societal security of women. Totally، the level of societal security for women in Mashhad was middle (58. 2%) Direct and indirect effects of independent variables on the dependent variable in the path analysis model showed that the mass media has the most effect on societal security. Finally، according to results، practical suggestions for improving the level of societal security are offered.