فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سال نهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، تابستان 1397)

Family Head Females encounter great stress because their roles have changed. This stress can affect females' economic and social functions and decrease their quality of life. The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotional regulation skills training on emotional regulation strategies and quality of life in family head females. The statistical population of this research included family head females under fifty years old. They had the minimum ability to read and write and were members of Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs. From a population of 350 persons, a sample of 30 individuals was selected using simple random sample method and they were divided into experimental and control groups. After randomized selection of the individuals, the experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The participants completed Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Quality of Life Questionnaire in the pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results indicated that emotional regulation skills training increase the mental health of the females in experimental groups comparing to control group. Furthermore, training of these skills could increase positive and reduce negative strategies in these women. The emotional regulation skills training can increase the ability of individuals in the emotional situations and increase function of the quality of life.

This study was conducted to predict marital satisfaction, on the basis of sexual dysfunction of married women of Shiraz. In order to reach the objective of married women in Shiraz, 300 Person were selected using accessible sampling method. The evidences related to the validity and reliability of research tools include: Pines marital boredom questionnaire, bad sexual function questionnaire of Nobreh and Pinto - Guya shows that the validity and reliability of research tools were acceptable. The data from the questionnaires were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression). Results showed that the dimensions of pleasure and sexuality as a sin, age-related beliefs and the primacy of affection over sexual pleasure can predict physical fatigue. The conservative aspects of sex, pleasure and sexuality, as sinful, age-related beliefs, beliefs about physical self-concept and the primacy of affection over sexual pleasure are able to predict the emotional exhaustion. In addition, the dimensions of pleasure and sexual desire as sin, age-related beliefs, beliefs about physical self-concept and the primacy of affection over sexual pleasure are able to anticipate mental and psychological fatigue

The present study seeks to provide a model for improving gender justice in Islamic societies. Because of the inadequacy of the fundamentals provided by various theories in other countries, including the movement of feminism in Western countries and its prescribing to other countries, and the many problems that this school has created in many societies, even Western societies, and, on the other hand, because of the lack of a model for establishing Gender justice in Islamic societies, researchers have used qualitative field-based theory by obtaining data in accordance with the related field. The data were collected through the study of sermons, letters and wisdom of Nahj al-Balagh. By categorizing concepts, subcategories and pivotal categories and finding the nuclear issue emerged with the use of open, axial and selective coding, and the categories forming gender equality and their relations in the form of a paradigmatic model that included the causal conditions (3 categories), the nuclear category (justice Gender), strategy (8 categories), ground conditions (3 categories), intervening conditions (1 categories) and outcomes (2 categories).

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of ethical education in observing Hijab among female students at University of Kashan. The research is descriptive - correlation in case of administration. The statistical population included all 3252 female students at U.K at BA and MA levels in academic year 2015-16, 344 of whom were selected through Cochran formula via clustered random sampling method appropriate for the sample size. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire of ethical education and a researcher-made questionnaire of Hijab were used. Assessing construct validity through KMO statistic was estimated 0.94 for ethical education and 0.91 for Hijab and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated 0.95 for ethical education and 0.92 for Hijab. Data analysis was conducted at descriptive level (frequency, percentage, minimum and maximum, mean and standard deviation) and inferential (regression, structural equation model, t test, and F) via SPSSS22 software and AMOS22. The findings imply that the variable of ethical education could predict %77.44 of the changes of Hijab. The results of data analysis show the significant role of ethical education and each of its components in the students’ observing Hijab. Accordingly, the more each of the components is reinforced, the more appropriate the observing hijab will be P<0.05.

The main objective of this research is investigating the difference between the amount of social capital and mental health in urban neighborhoods in north and south based on sexuality studying the effect of social capital on mental health. This research is done with the use of survey methods and information is gathered through the tool of questionnaire. Statistical society of this research includes people at the age of18 years or above and live in Sari. In addition, the volume of the sample includes 450 people. The results of this research indicate that the amount of social capital in neighborhoods of Sari has a significant difference which means that the average social capital in the south neighborhoods of the city (3.85of5) is more than the north neighborhoods of the city (1.75of5). Also, the average mental health has significant difference in the north and south neighborhoods of the city. Therefore, south neighborhoods have higher mental health than the north. There is a significant difference between average social capital and mental health of women and men in the neighborhoods of Sari. The results indicate that men have higher mental health than women, while women of neighborhood have a higher average of social capital.

The Islamic Republic of Iran can be identified with the advent of a discursive transformation in Iranian society. This revolution not only represented a discursive and semantic transformation in the status of the Iranian society, but also, it was able to bring about a sign of bondage and a new meaning. The present study aims at understanding the characteristics of this discourse transformation in the study of the major theorists of this revolution, namely, Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei. According to the research limitation, to study all aspects of the discourse analysis of revolution leaders, one of the most challenging debates of this discourse is women's position from the perspective of revolutionary leaders. So, the research question is this: can the same line of thinking be seen in the statements by the leader of the Islamic Revolution while praising and respecting women? Related to the Results and regarding the analysis of the discourse used by the leaders and the ideological atmosphere of the Islamic leaders, those who follow Islamic doctrine in their actions and thoughts, it can be said that the outcome is the women’s power and dignity. Additionally, Islamic leaders have constantly emphasized women’s role in their own destiny by using words like humanity, freedom, equality, courage, self-determination right. In fact, stressing the promotion of women’s status in all aspects including personal, social and political, it is believed that women must assume the task of building and protecting the political order based on Islamic and divine values.

Women are considered as one of the most valuable assets of any organization. If the obstacles like the glass ceiling are eliminated, one can expect their effectiveness in their respective areas of the responsibility assigned for the goals of the organizations. Therefore, this study, by understanding the subject through Interpretative-Structural Analysis (ISM), seeks to design a model based on categorizing and distinguishing factors affecting the creation of a glass ceiling of female employees employed by the National Iranian Oil Distribution Company. This research was conducted in a one-year period between December 2016 and January 2017. The combined methodology is a qualitative research based on identifying the factors influencing the creation of a glass ceiling by examining theoretical and theoretical foundations and conducting Delphi analysis with the participation of 20 specialist members as panel members, and in the quantitative part through the formation of a matrix Structural self-advancement follows structural and interpretive modeling, in which 30 human resource specialists (both inside and outside the company) participated. The results of the research show that the most basic factor of women's glass ceiling for the National Iranian Oil Distribution Company is based on the designed model, the lack of supportive laws, which is related to the main component of the external causes and the sub-component of the political causes and rules were in the Delphi results. Also, at the highest level and in fact the least effective factor in creating a glass ceiling, the lack of suitable barrier for women's work is one of the structural causes of the core component of the organization.

Condition of not annulling divorce which is attached to marriage contract prevents seeking divorce among couples to a great extents. This condition bounds husband to refrain from ending the marriage contract except in special cases. Whether this condition attached to marriage contract is legitimate or not, has been the subject of a great debate. Thus, the current research is an attempt to investigate the validity of this condition in the light of objectives of divine law. Attending objectives of divine law has a weighty importance in the view of Imamiyah jurists. Emphasizing the importance of identifying these objectives, the aforesaid jurists have stated many objectives for marriage contract, derived from the law. Therefore, adopting a descriptive-analytical method, the current research has dug into the legitimacy of the condition of not annulling divorce attached to marriage contracts and concluded that this condition is in line with the objectives of divine law and aimed at securing the stability of family.

The aim of the present research was An Investigation into Therapists and Managers' mind frame in order to find the causes of drug addiction among women in Kermanshah province, Iran. This is a grounded theoretical qualitative study. Fourteen (8 men and 6women) therapists and managers of Drug Control Headquarters in the province were included in the study by both targeted and theoretical sampling techniques. In-depth unstructured interviews were the main data collection method. By continuously analyzing and comparing the data, three conceptual categories were identified including internal facilitators, communicating facilitators, and external facilitators. These original concepts were determined by 9sub-categories religious beliefs and moral weakness, False pleasure, gain easy profit, lock of awareness of the harms of drugs, subculture of drug use in celebration, Folk beliefs about the medicinal properties of drugs, easy access, debility law and Unemployment. In general, based on the core category, it is implied that it is not effective to reduce the supply instead the current methods of fighting along with the demand reduction, educational programs, economic programs and the existing laws must be reconsidered.

This study aimed to investigate the role of mediator of talent management in relationship to knowledge management and attitude toward organizational change. The research method was descriptive and correlational study, structural equation modeling. The population consisted of all high school female teachers Shiraz Area 4 using a sample of 190 randomly selected for the study. Data collected from three questionnaires knowledge management, attitude to organizational change and talent management. Validity using the content validity and reliability using Cronbach Alpha was reviewed and approved . The data collected using statistical software LISREL, SPSS were analyzed. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between knowledge management on attitude to organizational change with mediation talent management is a positive and significant. According to indicators of goodness of fit, proper model and its ability to generalize to the population

Nowadays, women have an important role in business. One of the most important businesses is entrepreneurship that has a significant role in economic growth of countries and it is necessary to provide suitable conditions for self-employment and entrepreneurship development for women. It is obvious that there are some barriers and problems that women face on their way towards the development of entrepreneurial activities. Identifying and removing these barriers will lead to facilitating entrepreneurship. So, studying the barriers of women's entrepreneurship is useful for identifying the limitations and modifying the future way. In addition, it can ultimately help to increase personal and social performance. The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize the barriers of the development of women's entrepreneurship in Iran. In this regard, individual barriers, environment, infrastructure, starting and continuing work, organization, and job are identified and these barriers are prioritized from the perspective of Iranian entrepreneurial women and entrepreneurship faculty. Prioritization of barriers were carried out from the perspective of experts, using the hierarchical analysis process method. The results showed that the main barriers of women's entrepreneurship, based on men’s perspectives are basic barriers and based on women’s perspectives are environmental factors.

Several factors affect social identity and social trust is one of them. Regarding the fact that Women's status and their participation in society has changed and developed in different areas such as in the society and universities, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between social trust and social identity of Bachelor to Ph. D. women students in public universities in Tabriz in 2016. Their total number was 5577. The survey method was implemented to conduct the study. Theoretical framework was formed using the theories of Giddens، Ztvmka، Efe ، Jnkynzv Tajf،. The method was simple stratified sampling. Data were collected using the questionnaires from a sample of 360 students from undergraduate to doctoral educated women in the state universities of Tabriz. To validate data, content and structure validation was done. Results showed that among identity components, thae highest mean was related to traditional identity, 2. 4, and modern identitu, 2. 03. The social identity of educated women is high regarding generalized trust indicators, 80. 5, but low in natural trust indicators. Based on the results, there is a relationship between social trust and womens’ modern and post-modern identity. Also, there is a significant relationship between the economic-social status of women and their modern and post-modern social identity. The Durbin-Watson test showed the adequacy of the model as a good one. Using Multi-Linear regression and variables like age, major, education, individual trust and natural trust, it becomes possible to specify 36% of social identity variance.

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with violence against women among women in Urmia. The research method and survey population included all the married women 15-39 years of Orumiyeh of these, 381 people, as the sample size women based on cluster sampling method were selected to gather information. Tools for data collection and data analysis software SPSS was used. The findings suggest that the linear relationship between social support, a sense of security, social capital and illegitimate authority of men in family violence against women has been approved; the results of regression analysis showed that remained in the regression model could explain 24.5 percent of variance in the dependent variable And in the meantime, variable power by men in the family had the largest share in explanation of violence against women.

Dealing with fiction which is somehow the story of the lives of human communities which are full of ups and downs, is in fact uncovering such human thoughts of its writers. Among these, women’s fiction writing is a prominent sign of the present revolutionized Iranian woman life in social, cultural, and humanistic aspects; the women who are trying to express the pains, desires, and demands of their own human community, as the mouthpiece of different layers of the society.In the present paper, with the approach of women’s dreams and desires in contemporary Iranian fiction, attempt has been made to investigate the works of three generations of woman writers.