مجله آموزش محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار
سال هفتم شماره 3 (بهار 1398)

This research was conducted with the general purpose of the role of educational channels to improve the participation of villagers in environmental protection projects. The population of the study consisted of all farmers in Divandareh city (N = 7931). Using the Cochran sampling formula, 260 of them were selected as samples. To increase the credibility of the findings, 290 questionnaires were distributed by proportional random sampling method. Finally, 274 questionnaires were completed and analyzed. The main instrument of the study was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a group of experts and the reliability of its variables was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α> 0.7). Data analysis was done by SPSSwin18 software. The results of correlation analysis indicated a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of educational channels (local, national and international) with the participation of villagers. In addition, the results of regression coefficient showed that the educational channels dimensions have a significant positive effect on improving the participation of villagers, which explained 90.08% of the variation of the dependent variable (participation). The results of factor analysis also identified ways to improve the participation of people in environmental protection schemes in strengthening the culture of participation and protection, management and cultural strategies, advisory and awareness strategies, effectiveness and effectiveness, structural and organizational strategy, and improving commitment, and responsibility. In this regard, based on the results of the research, suggestions were made to improve the participation of villagers in environmental protection projects.

The purpose of this study was to compare the theory of mind, the motivation of academic achievement and social behavior of children of nature and ordinary  schools with the control of socioeconomic status. This research was  retrospective study . The statistical population of the students aged 7-11 years old in Tehran's nature and  ordinary schools in the academic year of 2015-17. 55 people were selected by purposeful sampling from nature school and 55 from normal school by random sampling method.In order to measure the variables studied, the theory of mind (TMT), academic motivation scale (AMS), and child social behavior scale (CSBS) were used. Multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) showed that there is a significant difference between the theory of mind of children in nature and ordinary  schools. Children of nature schools showed higher levels of mind theory than ordinary school children. The children of nature schools had higher internal motivation for learning and their antisocial behavior was lower than that of ordinary school children. Considering the research results,  Special attention is given to the importance of the presence of nature in educational settings and the provision of learning opportunities through it for children.

The aim of this paper was to investigate environmental behavior of wheat farmers and its’ affecting factors according to the Stern’s Value-Beliefs-Norm Theory. The statistical population was wheat farmers in Shahid-Abad Dehestan, Fars province that 110 wheat farmers were selected as a sample using Krejcie and Morgan sample size table and cluster random sampling method. The study instrument was a questionnaire which its validity confirmed by a panel of experts and its’ reliability was confirmed using a pilot study and calculating Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The results indicated that Biospheric and Altruistic values and also place attachment, place dependency, ecological worldview, awareness of consequences, and sense of obligation to take action had significant effects on environmental ethics but environmental ethics remained uncertain in explaining environmental behavior. Therefore, it seems that some moderator variables may change the association between the two variables. Accordingly, two variables of subjective-social norm and access to agricultural resources were identified. The findings of the covariance test showed that environmental ethics in the presence of newly grouped variable has an impact on environmental behavior and the interaction of environmental ethics and grouped variable on environmental behavior is significant.

Preservation of the environment and challenges in its path are one of the problems of international communities, including our country. Preservation or destruction of the environment is the field of human behaviors and actions. Human behavior is influenced by his values. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental values ​​and their relationship with self-esteem and the demographic variables of students based on the Schwarz Value theory. The research method was descriptive-analytic, correlation type. Using a multi-stage stratified sampling, 487 students of Payame Noor University of Kerman were selected as the sample. The results of the research showed that environmental values ​​were not the first priority of  students. Also, there was a significant difference between environmental values ​​based on gender and marital status and there was a significant positive correlation between environmental value orientation and self esteem.

The purpose of this research was to study the behavior of green consumption based on the theory of planned behavior. This research was a descriptive-survey based on the purpose of the applied research and according to the method of data collection. The population of the research was managers, educators and parents of kindergartens in Qazvin, which according to the unlimited statistical population (384 people).The expression of the research was a questionnaire whose validity was of a kind of content and formality, which was confirmed by experts in this field and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equations. The results show that perceived usefulness has a positive and significant positive effect on consumer attitude and perceived risk has a negative and significant effect on consumer attitude. Also, ethical commitment to consumer's subjective norm, power control over consumer behavior control, belief in controlling consumer behavioral control, consumer attitude towards consumer intentions, subjective norm on consumer intentions, behavioral control over consumer intentions and behavioral intentions have a significant effect on actual consumer behavior.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate Modeling of Effectiveness Information resources and communication channels on Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) behavior for Sustainable Development of Citrus Gardens in Mazandaran Province. Population consisted of all citrus farmers in the villages of 12 county of Mazandaran province, a sample of 290 farmers was selected by using proportional random sampling method among 122361 citrus Orchard man. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire was determined through sustainable agriculture experts of Mazandaran County and some faculty members at University of Tehran, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Management and Development. The reliability was found to be acceptable. Diagnostic validity with using an average variance extracted (AVE) and reliability with using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) was confirmed. To explain the Effectiveness from Methods factor analysis and structural equation modeling with LISREL software, version 8.80 has been used. According to findings, oral and facial resources and channels, written sources and channels, visual-audio sources and channels, virtual and electronic resources and channels can explain 66% of variance of GAP application in sustainable development of gardens. Sufficient information about technology citrus orchardist will enable to make optimum decisions for the adoption of sustainable technology. It is therefore suggested establishing databases and using face to face communication channels of extension agents and agricultural inputs distributors and experts, extension staff, consultancy services of private sector, more gardeners' use of information resources with reliable information regard to needs and necessities and leveling up special and public education in GAP technologies for gardeners have been considered.

The aim of this study was relationship between systemic thinking and environmental protection behavior and social responsibility. This was a descriptive study of the correlation type and the statistic society. This was a descriptive study of the correlation type and the statistic society was 98 people to sample. The nature and methods of descriptive and correlational study used. The study population included all employees of the Department of Environment North Khorasan 94 years, of which about 98 people to sample and census method used. Data, collected through three questionnaires systems thinking Goldman (2005) and behavior between environmental protection and Eisen (1975) and used Social Responsibility. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha method was used to determine the credibility of the questionnaires. For system thinking, 0.94 environmental behavior was 0.96 and social responsibility was 0.96. The validity of the tool was a kind of content approved by the professors and experts.To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) and inferential statistics (normal distribution of Kolmogorov - Smirnov , Pearson correlation test, regression test) and Stepwise regression test was used with SPSS version 19 software package. The results show that between systemic thinking and social responsibility, as well as the environmental behavior and social responsibility in meaningful level of 99% there is a significant relationship.

The e-learning system as an educational approach of the present age has always been faced with complexity of the interaction and quality of Collaboration in learning, hence the experts in this field have prepared different solutions. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the various types of interaction in e-learning with collaborative learning quality. This study is a descriptive-correlational and conducted through a survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 172 undergraduate students of e-learning in environmental education, Using Cochran's formula, 120 of them were selected by simple random sampling and completed a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The research findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is a meaningful and direct relation between the types of interaction (teacher-student, student-student, student-content, content-teacher, teacher-teacher) with collaborative learning quality in e-learning, While There was no significant relationship between interaction (content-content) and the quality of collaborative learning. Also, the results of the Friedman test, used to rank the types of interaction, showed that student-student interaction had the most importance in collaborative learning, and the interaction between "teacher-teacher" and "content-content" had the least importance among types Interactions. Therefore, it seems that the interactivity that exists between students ensures the quality of collaborative learning in e-learning.

Consumers are nowadays more concerned about environmental changes, and accordingly they have changed their purchasing behavior. Concerns on environment have made them to pay attention to reusability of product packaging in their decision-making process. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of factors affecting consumers' perception of the reusability of product packaging. This study is applied in terms of objective and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The population of study included customers in Bushehr city. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data of study were collected among 385 customers of retail stores in Bushehr city using convenient sampling. Then, they were analyzed by structural equation modeling to test the conceptual model and hypotheses of study. Results of the study revealed that match between material, form, and color of the package have a positive and significant impact on consumer perception of reusability of packaging. In addition, results of this study suggest that environmental attitude and the sensitivity to recyclability of packaging have a positive and significant impact on consumer perception of the reusability of packaging. In general, five factors of environmental attitude of consumer, consumer sensitivity to recyclability of packaging, match between material, form, and color of product packaging in total could explain 0.681 of variance of consumer perception of reusability of product packaging.

One of the rules of jurisprudence that is cited throughout jurisprudence and can be used in many economic and social issues, including the environment, is the rule of prohibition of detriment. This rule in the Islamic law; the basic principle is to protect the others from harm to others and to compensate for them, is a strong basis for the enactment of the law. the inclusion of this rule on negative affairs will, in addition to deterring this principle, in environmental degradation, has a constructive role in management of environmental crises. Of course, in order to achieve development, man has not properly fulfilled his responsibility for protecting nature and ignores the right of future generations with unceasing exploitation, has caused damage to nature and extensive changes in the ecosystem and caused the environmental crisis. Therefore, it is possible to manage this crisis by the rule of prohibition of detriment and accepting its positive role, to compensate for the damage caused by the invasion of environmental capital. Because damaging to the most important natural of human capital should not be ignored as private and material spiritual capital. Therefore, due to existing vacuum, non-deterrence of laws in the face of environmental degradation. This paper describes the Role of the rule of prohibition of detriment in the management of the environmental crisis and the necessity of its acceptance in proving the relevant laws and regulations in Islamic law in a descriptive and analytical way.