نشریه تحقیقات دامپزشکی و فرآورده های بیولوژیک
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 108، پاییز 1394)

In present research، publication delay for Iranian agricultural journals has been studied. The time between delivering manuscript copy of paper by its author to final appearing in a target journal has been defined here as publication delay. Publication delay can be used as a qualitative criteria indicating freshness or oldness of papers level. In this study، we have considered four factors for each paper including receive date، acceptance date، magazine publication date، and magazine distribution date. The project target society consists of 1684 papers appearing in 24 journals published by Agricultural Research، Education، and Extension Organization during 2010-2011. All of these journals has been evaluated as scientific-research one by Iranian Ministry of Science، Research، and Technology. The findings show that the period of receive to acceptance of papers is 287 days، the period of acceptance to publish is 205 days، the period of acceptance to distribution is 333 days، the period of receive to publish is 492 days، the period of receive to distribution is 621 days، and period of publish to distribution is 128 days.

Mercury is a toxic and dangerous element for living organisms. Our bodies do not need mercury and its entrance and absorption in the body can cause many problems. Following industrialization of countries، it enters the nature and accumulates in the organisms body through the food chain which causes biological magnification. Therefore time and place monitoring of mercury is necessary. Biological monitoring is one of the best methods for mercury monitoring. Among these، methods which do not kill the organism have priority. Therefore، using feather، due to its non-destructive character is especially important. In the present study، three species including common cormorant، golden eagle، common chuker، which do not have any relationship regarding the feeding and migration، were studied. The results showed that the highest and lowest mercury concentrations were calculated in cormorant (with average 2710 ppb) and chuker (with average120 ppb)، respectively.

A research was conducted to evaluate the effects of some commercial herbal and chemical medicines on immune system and improve the respiratory disorders in broiler chickens. Four hundred and fifty day old female broiler chicks (strains of Arian) were divided into experimental groups: 1) Anzofin®، 2) Antibiofin®، 3)Immunofin®، 4) Bronkofin®، 5) savory (Zagrol®)، 6) Mentofin®، 7) Enrofloxasin®، 8) Bromhexin®، 9) Positive control، and 10) Negative control. On day 14، treatments 1 to 9 were received IB- 4/91vaccine 5 times greater than the standard dose and Negative control received the standard dose of IB vaccine. Treatments 1 to 6 received herbal medicines via drinking water from day 15 until day 42. Treatment 7 and 8 were received chemical medicines from day 15 to day 19. The highest and lowest antibody titter against infectious bronchitis was observed in Negative control and Immunofin، respectively (P>0. 05). On 41 days of age there was significant difference between treatments Antibiofin® and Mentofin® (P>0. 05). Anzofin® treatment showed highest antibody titer against Newcastle virus in both periods of 36 and 42 day old (P>0. 05). The highest and lowest response to injection of phytohemaglotinin was observed in Immunofin® and Positive control، respectively (P<0. 05). The highest H/L ratio was observed in positive control (P<0. 05). About improving the respiratory disorders among herbal medicine the influence of Mentofin®، Antibiofin® and savory was better than others and was the same with influence of Enrofloxasin® antibiotic and Bromhexin®.

Expansion of industrial activities، mining and metal plating could cause releasing amount of high heavy metals into seawater and marine sediment led to heavy metals resistant microorganisms. Due to important role of Streptomyces in production of secondary metabolites، enzymes and elements reduction ability، were studied isolation of heavy metals (cadmium and chromium) resistant Streptomyces from marine sediments and coastal waters of Caspian Sea. Marine sediments and water samples were collected from coastal locations aseptically. SCA and KUA were used for the isolation of Streptomyces and biochemical testes like lipid، casein، starch hydrolysis and etc. carried out for identification of Streptomyces and determination of heavy metals (Cr، Cd) resistant Streptomyces was performed with well diffusion assay and for detection of MIC and MBC used Microdilution assay. Also، amounts of heavy metals in different parts of coastal waters measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry assay. A total of 41 Streptomyces isolated from coastal locations 7 isolated (17/07%) showed chromium resistant to 300mg/l، 5 isolated (12/19%) showed cadmium resistant to 600mg/l. There was a significant difference between Streptomyces، temperature، pH and salt concentration (P < 0. 01). Due to existence of heavy metals (Cd،Cr) resistant Streptomyces in the Caspian Sea probability can use them as well suited agents for Bioremediation.

This experiment was conducted for determining of the effect of physical sizes and levels of clinoptilolite on liver histology، protein and energy efficiency ratio، carcass traits and blood enzymes activityof broilers fed rations contaminated with aflatoxin. Clinoptilolite were used in two levels (1. 5 and 3%) and three physical sizes (<0. 25 mm، 0. 4 -0. 8 mm and 1-2 mm). On the basis of the results، Broilers fed by non-contaminated diets with aflatoxin had the highest protein and energy efficiency ratio and the lowest protein and energy efficiency ratio were found in broilers fed by contaminated diets with aflatoxin (P<0. 05). Also، using of 3% clinoptilolite with particle size of 1- 2 mm in contaminated diet improved protein and energy efficiency ratio than the aflatoxin contaminated diet and without additive (P<0. 05). The highest and the lowest liver percentage were obtained in broilers fed by contaminated diet with aflatoxin and non-contaminated diets with aflatoxin respectively (P<0. 05). The highest and the lowest amount of blood aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase were found in broilers fed by contaminated diet with aflatoxin and non-contaminated diets with aflatoxin respectively. Using of 3% clinoptilolite with particle size of 1- 2 mm decreased the level of blood aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase in broilers fed by contaminated diet with aflatoxin (P<0. 05). Therefore، it can be concluded that the supplementation of diet contaminated with aflatoxin with clinoptilolite had positive effects on protein and energy efficiency ratio and blood parameters in broilers.

Most of probiotic Lactobacilli adhere to intestinal surfaces, a phenomenon influenced by free fatty acids. this project to increase hydrophobicity properties of bacterial cell surface and increase performance of them, was designed and for this purpose, MRS broth media including saturated (palmitic acid,stearic acid),unsaturated fatty acids(α-linolenic acid,ɣ-linolenic acid,linoleic acid, Arachidonic acid,oleic acid and….), mix of them and control(without fatty acids),for growth lactobacillus rhamnosus and a commercial starter was investigated. Extraction, saponification and methylaton of Fat-cell bacteria by gas chromatography was measured.Changes in hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of cultured bacteria were estimated with ethylacetat(polar solvent), octan(non polar solvent) and spectrophotometric method. The results of this analysis indicated that Addition of free fatty acids to culture medium Cause changes in cellular fatty acid bacteria and the results of membrane polarity index showed that medium included mix of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids In particular in starter bacteria, have more affinity for polar solvent and starter bacteria in medium including unsaturated fatty acids causes significant increase ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated in cell bacteria. Lactobacillus rhamnosus in all of experiments showed Nonpolar properties(tendency to bind to the intestinal mucosa).

This work investigates the relationship between fork length، weight، age and the uptake of heavy metals such as iron، zinc، copper and cadmium in muscle and skin tissues of fish (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) in two sites in Sari and Turkmen Seaport of Southern part of Caspian Sea. Samples were collected in autumn 2013 and winter 2014. After measurement of fork length، weight، age by squama of 37 samples and preparation and parting of tissues، concentration of heavy metals were determined following wet digestion using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Spearman correlation test results showed that fork length and weight and uptake of copper in the muscle tissue have negative correlations (p<0. 05). However this correlation between the weight and the uptake of iron is positive (p<0. 05). In the skin، there is a positive correlation (p<0. 05) between fork length and extent of absorption of iron and cadmium، unlike those between the weight and the absorption of zinc. The importance of the findings of this study due to the presence of heavy metals in tissues of fishes، especially muscle tissue، which is due to the consumption of oral tissue، heavy metals have the ability to transfer to humans in terms of public health and the health of people is a special place. These values were compared with the WHO and the FAO and UK (MAFF) safety standards regarding the amount of the above mentioned heavy metals in fish tissues. Based on the results of this study، The average concentrations of cadmium in the muscle and skin tissues proved to be higher than international standards. It is recommended not to use these fish due to the toxicity and high levels of cadmium in their muscle tissues.

Serum biochemical parameters are important aspects in the management of endangered species. The values of these parameters can be used for confirming the maturity and for monitoring any changes in the quality of waters and related soils. The aim of present study was to investigate some of blood serum biochemical parameters in immature females and males of Argyrosomus hololepidotus. Blood samples were collected from twenty captured fish from coastal waters of Chabahar (Ramin waterfront). Serum levels of glucose، blood urea nitrogen (BUN)، cholesterol (CHO)، triglyceride، bilirubin، total protein، albumin، phosphorus (P)، sodium (Na)، potassium (K)، calcium (Ca) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined as Mean±SD in immature males and females. The levels of different biochemical parameters in males and females were respectively as follows; Na (239. 50±17. 06، 257. 80±20. 80)، K (3. 87±0. 98، 1. 94±0. 49)، P (2. 73±0. 39، 2. 79±0. 53)، Ca (2. 89±0. 47، 1. 56±0. 32) (mmol/l)، glucose (71±10. 33، 24. 04±2. 50)، bilirubin 0. 46±0. 11، 0. 24±0. 05)، ALP (68. 30 ±124. 17، 244. 50±68. 98) (Iu/l)، BUN (1. 94±0. 50، 0. 63±0. 29)، triglyceride (94. 70±9. 56، 32. 85±7. 56)، CHO (13. 02±2. 69، 4. 94±3. 29) (mg/dl)، total protein (1. 65±0. 51، 3. 15±0. 86) and albumin (0. 44±0. 16، 0. 12±0. 04) (g/dl). The results showed that the serum levels of Na and total protein in females were significantly higher than males and there were significant differences in all of the serum values (except P) between males and females (P<0. 05). It can be concluded that the values of blood biochemical parameters may be affected by sex of fish.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different sources and level of dietary fat (soybean oil، SO; yellow grease، YG and poultry fat، PF in 0%، 2% and 4%) and sex on performance and the gene expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated- receptor gamma (PPARγ)، as a key regulator of adipose differentiation and development. Performance parameters were recorded at the end of each week، and the abdominal adipose tissue was collected from 7-weeks-aged chickens. Total RNA was extracted by RNX reagent. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to show the treatments differences for PPAR γ gene expression. Results showed that body weight gain and feed intake were not affected by dietary fat supplements nor by their usage level، but broiler sex influenced (p<0. 001) these parameters during period. The results indicated the highest expression of PPARγ was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR in abdominal fat tissue of chicks fed diets contaning SO and PF (rich in 18:3 and long chain fatty acids) and the females had the higher expression of PPARγ than males. In conclusion، dietary fatty acid profile and sexual hormones may affect the development of broiler abdominal fat by interfering in PPARγ gene expression.

For communicating with the environment (other horses، foals، owner، etc.)، horses have to use different methods. To communicate، horses use their body language. Vocalization (if not the body language)، seems to be the most important way of communication in the horses، though it seems they use the same tone when exposing to different events. In this study which was performed in collaboration with the electronic institute of Sharif technical university، totally 15 horses were used. The horses were exposed to different events (hunger، pain، loneliness، mating، parturition and separation of the 1-2 weeks old foals from their dams). The verbal expressions of the horses were studied using spectrogram. The results of this study showed that there were significant differences between the spectrograph of the voices of the horses، exposed to hunger، and the separation of the foals from dams. This was the same (no significant differences) when horses were exposed to loneliness، separation and the hunger. There were no significant differences between the verbal expressions of the horses while exposed to mating، parturition. One of the most important reasons why the horses do no have verbal expressions when exposing to the pain، might be the absence of the part of the brain، responsible for the pain interpretation. Morse research is to be performed to prove this.

This investigation was conducted to study the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae، Mannan oligosaccharides and beta-Glucan on performance، meat quality and blood parameters of broiler chicks. The experiment was performed on 180 one day old male broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments consisting of 3 replicates with 12 broiler chicks per each. The treatments included a control treatment (basal diet)، beta Glucan (Mycosorb) (0. 05 percent of diet)، Bio-Mos (0. 1 percent of diet)، Neomycin (0. 02 percent of diet)، Saccharomyces cerevisiae live yeast (0. 1 percent of diet). Results showed that conversion ratio in grower period had significant effect in Mannan oligosaccharides treatment (2. 13±0. 05) (P<0. 05)، but treatments had not significant effect on body weight gain، feed intake، and feed conversion ratio in experimental period. Among the physical characteristics of the drumstick، Mannan oligosaccharides treatment had most adhesiveness (0. 35±0. 18 mj) and springiness index (0. 55±0. 04) (P<0. 05). Beta-glucan had maximum adhesiveness (0. 26±0. 10 mj) (P<0. 05) in breast meat. In chemical composition of the drumstick meat، percent of protein influenced by adding of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared to other additives (24. 37±1. 34) (P<0. 05) and percent of fat composition of drumstick meat significantly decreased (3. 62±0. 79) in beta-glucan treatment (P<0. 05). Percent of protein in breast meat increased (27. 74±1. 39) by adding of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P<0. 05) and percent of dry matter (25. 81±0. 34) of breast meat significantly decreased in Mannan oligosaccharides treatment (P<0. 05). The serum cholesterol، glucose، triglycerides and LDL concentrations had decreased in the treatment with beta-glucan (P<0. 05). In conclusion، the results of this study showed that use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae، Mannan oligosaccharides and beta-Glucan can improve the physical and chemical characteristics of meat and blood parameters.