International Journal of Psychology
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2012

All over the world, there are many people who migrate in search of better situations. The relationship between immigrants and their new situations is an important issue that must be taken into consideration by architects and urban planners. In Iran cities, like Qazvin, receive many immigrants from other cities due to their special agricultural, economic and academic potentials. In such cases, different cultures and sub-cultures of Iran co-exist within these cities. In the current study, the rate of emotional bonds to place, “place attachment”; is investigated in two groups: native and non-native inhabitants of Qazvin city in its most important public space. In this study, 598 Qazvin- citizen participants were chosen for interviews by the systematic non-random sampling. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results indicated that belonging to a non-native group is not a significant factor in anticipating place attachment. However, place identity, a dimension of place attachment, had a significant correlation with this factor. In addition, participants'' age and income have a significant relationship with place attachment among native and non-native groups.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of art therapy based on painting therapy on 30 children recruited from elementary school boys with the symptom of social phobia who were 7-12 years old. This research is an experimental one with pretest and posttest and control group. In this prospective study a group of 30 elementary school boys with symptoms of social phobia were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. To find and select the main subjects, two steps were taken. At the first step, children obtaining scores higher than the cut-off point in the CHILD SYMPTOM INVENTORY-4 were selected, and at the second step and for the final selection, children were attended the Structured Diagnostic Interview based on criteria. The researcher adopted interview/observation and the document analysis for qualitative study and went through the painting therapy for 10 sessions twice per week, and each session lasted 45 minutes based on discussion and reviewing from parents and the teacher. An experimental pretest-posttest control group design was used in this regard. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as ANCOVA. Findings indicated that the experimental group did have a significant decrease in the symptoms of (SP) while the control group showed no significant difference.

The purpose of this research is to study the relationships between supervisor''s procedural justice and subordinates'' affective and cognitive trusts in the supervisor, and their organization-based self-esteem. The sample is consisted of 648 employees of three religious and guidance organizations in Iran. The sampling method is the random sampling. The data are collected by using four well-established instruments of organization-based self-esteem, affective trust, cognitive trust, and procedural justice. The statistical analysis was the structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis indicated that: (1) Supervisor''s procedural justice has a significant and positive relationship with subordinates'' cognitive (β=.95, p<.01) and affective trust (β=.97, p<.01). (2) Subordinates'' cognitive trust has a significant and negative relationship with their organization-based self-esteem (β= -.17, p<.01), while subordinates'' affective trust has a significant and positive relationship with their organization-based self-esteem (β=.20, p<.01). (3) Supervisor''s procedural justice has no significant relationship with subordinates'' organization-based self-esteem (β=.04, p>.05). The findings of this study suggest that although fair treatment of supervisors develops their subordinates'' affective and cognitive trusts, but only the affective trust of subordinates in their supervisors has a positive impact on their organization-based self-esteem. As a result, it behooves the supervisors to treat their subordinates fairly in order to improve their cognitive and affective trust through using supervision and leadership techniques to enhance their organization-based self-esteem.

The main purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of cognitive hope enhancing training on reduction of academic procrastination in students. The research method was experimental with pre, post tests and control group. The statistical population was students of boarding school in Bookan city. The sample comprised 32 students who were randomly selected and randomly assigned to two groups (16 students to the experimental group and 16 students to the control group). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions (each 90 min) 1 session per week. The data were obtained using Lay’s General Procrastination Scale, and Snyder''s Cognitive Model of Hope. Results showed that cognitive hope enhancing training (CHET) was effective in reducing the academic procrastination in the post test (p<.05). The results of this research indicate that cognitive hope enhancing training could reduce the total academic procrastination. It can be concluded that cognitive hope enhancing training can be applied as an effective training to increase hope and reduce academic procrastination in students.

This study tested the relationship between LMX and workplace deviance with the mediating role of workplace exclusion. Data were gathered from a sample of 242 employees of an industrial organization in Iran, selected by stratified random sampling method. Participants in this study completed LMX Questionnaire, Revised Workplace Exclusion Scale (WES-R), and Workplace Deviance Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS-18 and SPSS-18 was used for data analysis. The results indicated that, LMX relates negatively to workplace deviant behaviors, LMX relates negatively to workplace exclusion, and workplace exclusion relates positively to workplace deviance. In addition, workplace exclusion mediated the relationship between LMX and workplace deviance.

The present study sought to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy and the frequency of metacognitive listening strategies (MLS) use of Iranian learners of the English as a Foreign Language (EFL), and to explore any significant relationships between the subscales of self-efficacy and the types of MLS use. A sample of 117 Iranian EFL learners studying at the departments of foreign languages of Kerman universities, namely, Shahid Bahonar and Azad, took part in this study. The participants, including both males and females, were randomly selected from the junior and senior students majoring in English Translation and English Literature. In order to obtain the required data, two questionnaires were utilized: Vandergrift et al.’s (2006) Metacognitive Awareness Listening Questionnaire (MALQ) to measure the type and frequency of metacognitive listening strategies, and Bosscher and Smit’s (1998) General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES-12) to determine the self-efficacy and its subscales. The findings of this study revealed that first, there was a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy and MLS use (r =. 86); second, initiative self-efficacy subscale did not explain any variance of MLS type; third, the subscale effort explained some of the variances of planning and evaluation, person knowledge and mental translation MLS types; fourth, the subscale persistence explained some of the variances of person knowledge, mental translation, and problem solving strategies, and finally, none of the subscales of self-efficacy explained directed any variance of attention MLS use.

The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the gender types of employed Iranian women regarding their mental health and emotional intelligence. To do this, 824 employed women from different organizations, offices and governmental firms of Tehran and Ahvaz were randomly chosen. The instruments were the Bem Sex-Type Inventory (short form, 1981), The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (Goldberg, 1972) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (Petrides & Furnham, 2000). The results showed that: 1) Androgyny gender type in employed Iranian women is significantly more than masculine and feminine gender types. 2) There is a significant difference among the three types of women regarding their mental health. 3) There is a significant difference among the three types of women regarding their emotional intelligence. The emotional intelligence of Androgynous women is higher. Finally, regarding the obtained results of this study and the previous studies it is recommended to Iranian families and other authorities responsible for education not to pay too much attention to the stereotypic beliefs and traditional frames of gender types.