فصلنامه فناوری آموزش
پیاپی 2 (بهار 1386)

Performance design based on performance is a new method in which structural damage against different levels of risk (earthquake) is clearly assessed and structural and non-structural performance of structures by limiting strength, stiffness and ductility. Members are controlled. To achieve these goals, a nonlinear analysis of the structural model is essential. To perform this analysis, the basic characteristics of the structure (initial strength and stiffness) are required. The closer the initial values ​​are to the final values, the easier and faster the process of analyzing and designing the structure will be. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a method that can be used to easily and quickly obtain the initial strength and stiffness of the structure for nonlinear analysis. For this purpose, coefficients are proposed that can be used to make the required strength and stiffness of reinforced concrete bending frames for each of the functional modes; Intermediate use (IO), life safety (LS) and structural destruction limit (CP) were determined. These coefficients are the coefficient of behavior (Rw) and the coefficient of magnification of the displacement (Cd), which are used to calculate the strength and stiffness required by the structure, respectively. The recommended values ​​for behavioral coefficients in different functional states of IO, LS, and CP are 2.28, 4.43, and 5.3, respectively. The values ​​of 2.29, 4.73 and 5.83 have also been suggested for displacement magnification coefficients in different functional modes. Studies show that the use of the above coefficients in calculating the required strength (base shear) and initial stiffness (by controlling lateral displacement) of structures, will make the next steps of work and nonlinear analysis of structures easier and faster. .

Today, the use of numerical methods in solving different problems is widely used. The application of these methods has been accompanied by the development and presentation of new and innovative methods in order to meet the different needs of numerical problems. Although numerical methods such as finite element are very time-consuming and costly in solving three-dimensional problems with multifaceted elements, the finite point method as one of the non-network methods has been able to attract many researchers with its unique capabilities. To provoke. In this paper, while introducing the finite point method, the numerical solution of numerical problems is explained using this method. In the following, this method is used as one of the fast and convenient methods in determining the distribution of stress under the feet. The results of the finite point method are analyzed using different shape and distribution functions of the points and compared with other common methods such as traditional and experimental methods as well as the finite element method. Comparison of results shows that the finite point method has a more acceptable speed and accuracy compared to other methods, especially the finite execution method.

By building large dams in different countries of the world, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of these reservoir systems and maximizing the benefits of them is one of the most important issues studied in recent years. Evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithms (GA) are used in many scientific and engineering categories as search and optimization tools. Many applications of these methods have been reported on the issue of optimal utilization of reservoirs. In this research, an attempt is made to evaluate and evaluate the potential of new and applied formulations of genetic algorithm in solving engineering problems, to provide a new structure in order to optimize the operation of reservoirs using GA. In this study, new structures of the genetic algorithm are examined by performing different sensitivity analyzes and the best of them will be used to determine the optimal release of reservoir outflows. The results show that GA has the ability to provide good responses in the optimal use of reservoirs. Based on these results, the genetic algorithm with elitism, along with the two-point shear displacement operators and the low probability mutation, produces the best response. These results indicate the relatively good potential of genetic algorithms in solving large-scale problems that have complex objective functions.

The main purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze different approaches in landscape architecture design and to propose a holistic human-environmental approach in relation to current issues of landscape architecture in Iran. For this purpose, first, the common goals and approaches of partialism in landscape architecture are introduced and analyzed. Then, the holistic model, based on the human-environmental approach to landscape design, is proposed in three areas of aesthetics, ecology and local community, and the role of each area in meeting the needs and flourishing human capabilities is explained. In the proposed approach, the perception of landscape architecture, products is the interaction between human (experimental) and environmental (spatial) dimensions. The human (experimental) dimensions of the landscape include strengthening the sense of place and belonging, spatial and mental reconstruction of man, defining public, semi-public and private realms, facilitating orientation and navigation in space, and inducing local identity, security, and desirableness. The environmental (spatial) dimensions of the landscape include the definition of places, routes, and domains, and the landscape designer must organize places (centers of origin and destination), routes (routes), and physical realms (ranges). At the end of the article, landscape design of Iranian city is considered as a case study and it is concluded that, considering the vastness of Iranian cities with diverse human-environmental landscapes, recognizing the perspective of Iranian city is essential as a prerequisite for landscaping.

In this article, with the aim of estimating the number of personal and organizational users of the country's data network, followed by estimating the market for the required equipment for the next few years, first the statistics of different groups of these users according to the latest census information in The country has been surveyed and, taking into account the annual growth rate, their number is estimated to be until the end of 2008. Then, the required bandwidth is estimated in the cities and provinces of the country according to the determination of the target services for the mentioned users and the capacity of the output ports of each router is estimated. Then, the data network topology in the said development plan at the level of "core" and "distribution" layers of the proposal and the capacity of intercity links in the country, in the form of eleven different areas, has been met. Finally, we have estimated the volume and market of hardware equipment and software requirements of the data network in the mentioned development plan.

Solution heat treatment followed by Quench and return is one of the important processes in the production of cast aluminum aluminum castings and significantly improves the microscopic structure and mechanical properties and changes the temperature of the fuzzy evolution in these alloys. In the present study, the effect of heat treatment on aluminum fatigue of cast bronze containing 11-10% aluminum, 4% nickel, 4% iron and 3% manganese was investigated. After production, the alloy has been subjected to thermal maintenance at temperatures of ◦700, 750, 800, 850 and 900 ، C for 20-30 minutes, quench in water, and finally return to ◦C600 ساعت C for 2 hours. The results of this study showed that aluminum casting bricks have a much higher fatigue rate than non-thermal cast aluminum alloys, and the highest fatigue level as well as hardness is obtained at ◦850 عملیات C. . The structure of the microscope and the images of the electron microscope obtained from the refractive surface of the cast and heat-treated specimens also confirm this.

The Kashmar granitoid (42.5 Ma) occurs in NE Central Iran Plate (CIP). It mainly includes felsic metaluminous (ASI ≤ 1) I–type granite and granodiorite plutons. Microprobe analyses show that the Kashmar amphiboles are low in Ti and (Na+K)A contents (all < 0.5 apfu), indicating magnesio–hornblende, a distinct mafic mineral of low–temperature I–type granites. Also, the content of Al2O3 is low, suggesting low–pressure crystallization. The Mg* ratio is high (0.60–0.75) and the AlVI is extremely low (< 0.1 apfu), but Fe3+ is much higher than AlVI, features confirming low–pressure and low–temperature conditions. Utilizing the modern thermo–barometers, the pressures of ≤ 3 kb and average temperature of 655 oC were calculated for Kashmar amphiboles. The attributed log fO2 values are negative, ranging from –16.59 to –19.40 and plotting above the QFM stability. Results of this study propose a thermal boundary of ~700 oC between felsic (~600–700 oC) and mafic (~700–800 oC) low–temperature I–type granites, and reinforce the modern granite subdivision.