فهرست مطالب

اثر - پیاپی 59 (زمستان 1391)

فصلنامه اثر
پیاپی 59 (زمستان 1391)

  • بهای روی جلد: 100,000ريال
  • تاریخ انتشار: 1391/11/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Ahmad Mirzakouchak Khoshnevis Page 3
  • Mohammad Reza, Majid Heydari Delgarm Page 5
    Girih is a well-known type of decoration in Iranian Architecture which is also known as “Geometric Arabesque” or “Islamic Geometric Pattern.” many studies discussed Girih in different ways. This paper mainly discusses traditional drafting techniques and construction methods of Girih on domes. The topic has been poorly discussed in the available studies. The publications are by scholar researchers who worked on this topic during the 19thcentury and the early years of 20th century or the last generation of traditional architects (Ustads) and their followers. The former ignored the traditional methods of drafting and construction, and the latter didn’t discuss the subject of Girihs on domes. Finally, as a case study, the paper analyzes a hisrtoric case from Topkāpi scroll which has been designed for a segement (Tark) of a dome in more details and clarifies the flexibility of Girih designs to be altered (Dastgardān) and projected on dome by minor changes using the traditional methods.
    Keywords: Girih, Geometric arabesque, Dome, Spherical geometry, Drawing, Topkāpi scroll, Dastgardān
  • Mahnaz Sharifi, Dr Abbas Motarjem Page 15
    Research projection the field of dam Jareh RAMHORMOZ city was conducted under my supervision in the province khozestan.At this stage of the field research pond dam has been to a height of about 500 meters from the sea level and covers an area of about 14 kilometers, the area was surveyed environmentally by Surface survey method. Several settlements in the dam area, mostly belonging to history and Islamic period with the glazed or painted pottery was observed in scattered. There mains mostly have been identified near border of villages and in the current settlements that Represents the displacement and restrict motion of the location of settlements. The main Goals of exploring this area in addition to saving the sites that was defined for the entire project of the dam Jareh area was determining the area of residential context and under stand its architecture spaces, the study of the Patterns of settlement indifferent historical periods and cultural interactions between the cultures of the region. The architecture shows 3 residential phase that the Phase 1 and 2 belong to the Islamic period(possibly the patriarch) and the third phase (probably Ilkhanid) is belonging to tribes.
    Keywords: The establishment, archaeology, excavations, architectural spaces.
  • R.Rante, Translated By: H. Sheikhi Narani Page 29
    The models of the fortified city changed during the centuries. It is with the penetration of Hellenism in central Asia that one can remark a considerable change about urban and military features. The urban models remarked in central Asia, with a citadel, most frequently situated at the north, a shahrestan, often of rectangular or polygonal from enclosed the citadel itself, and a suburb, not always localizable, present many similarities with Rayy. Moreover, the defensive system of Rayy belongs to the Parthian period and presents many close features with the defensive models of central Asia.
    Keywords: Rayy, Central Asia, rampart, urban, Parthian
  • Ahmad Salehi Khakhaki, Hossein Sapidnameh, Ahmad Azadi Page 43
    Main axe of this research is founded on archaeological evidences (bridges and Caravanserai) which are the base of ancientroadsIdentifying and documentation of bridges and caravanserai in Kohgiloye va Boyerahmad, determining the roads of Kohgiloye va Boyerahmad province in the Islamic period and also dealing with their probable changes, and specifying the communicative- economic role of Kohgiloye va Boyerahmad (based on bridges and Caravanserai). The research was based on fieldwork and library method. Three interregional roads was detected. the Existence of 15 historical bridges and 13 carevaserai also 4 important city dwelling in this province denote communicative- economic importance of the region during Islamic periods although it was variable parameter.The politica and social situation in the region (Ismailite attacks in Seljukid period, Afghan’s attacks and Lor Chaharbaniche at the end of the Safavid and insecurities of Qajar period), and emergence and prosperity of cities (Ziz, Jume, Dehdasht, Gombade Molghan) and geological conditions and natural disasters (fifth century AH. Earthquakes of communicative straits and valleys) have affected the regional Routeof Kohgiloye va Boyerahmad in the Islamic period. A related monument to roads in this region are Caravanserai which despitetheir commonfactors such as build materials are all indigenous, but possessed different special structure. This Carevanserai are mostly belong to Alebuye, Atabakan and Safavieh and attest the communicative- econmic prosperity of the region. Other monumental group related to roads are the bridges which due to lack of enough document for dating, only way to achieve their relative similarities is comparative study. Location of these bridges on roads and caravanserai shows that some are founded or reconstructed in the time of prosperity of roads of region.
    Keywords: Route_xterritorial Roads_Kohgiloye va Boyerahmad_Bridge_Carevanserai_city_Al e buyeh_atabakan_safaviyeh
  • Maliheh Mehdiabadi Page 65
    aim of paper is to introduce and assess the different designs and expressions produced by previous researchers for Anobanini relief located in Sare-Pole-Zahab, Iranwhich is the most important document remained from King Lulubi.Approaching Method Field investigation and library studies both are done during the research period. The study has been divided into three parts in order to cover the aims of research which are as follows: 1) Primary field inspections followed by gathering relevant sources produced by different researchers. 2) Discretizing the domain to important elements (26 elements) to define and introduce weighting functions to evaluate the previously performed works. 3) This phase starts with installing the computed elements in the column of the matrix Findings The most important part of the paper is to introduce a quantitative and computational approach for documentation, interpretation, and assessment of rock reliefs. This method hasn’t been used by the researchers so far. Through the research and according to the new methodology, it is shown that the provided schemes have different resolutions from 26% to 99%. For the first time, in this paper the names of two slaves have been revealed which have been carved on their arms; the slave laid down under the foot of King Lulubi and the first slave in the bottom row of the relief.
    Keywords: Anobanini relief, Measurement design, Dividing the design to elements, Matrix evaluating method, Quantitative comparison.
  • Zatollah Nikzad Page 89
    The dug spaces in the ground are called “Boukani” in Yazd and Meybod area. The city of Meybod, as an ancient human residence, had been the location of various architectural types during different periods. Constructed Architecture, forming the main urban structure which is well known, and dug Architecture which is less seen, are recognized as another view of the heritage of this ancient city. The Boukani spaces in Meybod are visible separately among the human living environment where the topography is suitable. The entrance of seasonal rivers, that are dry nowadays and the faces of natural cracks are the best places. The moat and connected spaces of Bideh village and its Zirak mosque are created under the ground. The Do-Sangi mill is a unique and special exemplar outside of the city that benefited the water engineering technology is dug in deep ground in the way of two Qanat trains. But the most important one is created in lower level of the ancient citadel, Naarin Qalah. The Boukani Architecture in Meybod concludes various types according to natural condition of the ground and the human needs. Some of them are made by piercing a vertical wall and the others are dug in plain ground. The following research is mainly based on field work, and also the related past researches and documents are used. The aim of research is recognition and finding the discipline upon this kind of architecture.
    Keywords: Boukani Architecture Dug Architecture, Meybod.
  • Mahboobeh Hematafza Page 111
    Bisotun historic bridge, located in plains of Bisotun is one of the most important monuments of Bisotun’s site. According to the studies conducted during the last decade, this bridge which its construction backs to Sassanid period can be considered as an architecture museum of the area; as all historic periods of the residence in the Bisotun region can be seen in the architecture of this bridge. This unique feature which rarely is observed in the other monuments of the region has attracted the opinion of experts, especially archaeologists during the resent years. In this research, by investigation of the ancient ways of Bisotun’s site, it is resulted that this bridge located in cross road of ancient ways of western lands and plateau of Iran as well as the input port of Bisotun’s historic site. To identify the Bisotun Bridge, it is also tried to study the extensions of construction period, architectural elements, construction techniques, pathology, and ultimately the protection, restoration and rehabilition of the bridge.
    Keywords: Bisotun, Bisotun's bridge, Ancient ways, restoration