نشریه پژوهش در یادگیری آموزشگاهی و مجازی
سال پنجم شماره 17 (تابستان 1396)

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between perceived difficulty, social comparison and academic self-concept with academic adjustment of BA students urmia. The type of descriptive design was correlational (causal modeling) is used. The target population includes all the BA Students of Urmia studying during 2016-2017 academic year (N=7411). cluster random sampling method was used. 194 girls and 166 boys were studied (n=360). Wilson’s Perceived difficulty scale, Gibbon’s and Buunk social comparison scale, Delawar’s academic self-concept scale and academic adjustment by Baker and Siryk was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. Results suggest that structural model of students’ academic adjustment is a valid model in the population studied and that data is well-fitted to the theoretical model. Path coefficients display that all the paths are significant except the path of social comparison on academic adjustment. Hence, mentioned factors can properly explain students’ academic adjustment.
Student's satisfaction determined by using a standard questionnaire. SPSS software used to analyze the data. Results of the research showed that blended electronic practical training of molecular and cellular laboratories can transfer knowledge and improve the quality of learning, as well as student satisfaction. We suggest that use the blended training model in the cell and molecular laboratories. It also suggested the content of the electronic material which combination with laboratory operations in the semester to use by other teachers. If further studies confirm that there are more points in combining instruction in this lesson, then using this superior model in other practical lessons.

The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of the big five personality factors (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience) on academic dishonesty with the mediating role of academic self-efficacy beliefs and academic self-esteem. The participants of this study are Including 400 students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were selected of them by a multi-stage random sampling method. The instruments were the big five personality Inventory of Goldberg, Patrik academic self-efficacy beliefs scale, Rosenberg academic self-esteem scale redeploying and Khamesan & Amiri academic dishonesty scale. The proposed model of the relationship between variables was tested using structural equations models. the results showed that some of the direct paths) neuroticism with self-efficacy beliefs and also conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience with academic self-esteem) were significant. Also results showed that indirect paths of conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience on academic dishonesty paths through academic self-efficacy beliefs and academic self-esteem was significant.

This study aims to explain the self-directed learning based on ICT literacy in science and engineering students MehrAlborz e-learning courses have been conducted. The samples include all students Department of Engineering Sciences and sampling is simple random sampling. Data collection tool is self-learning and ICT literacy, its validity by Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient by teachers and approved. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics T, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used.Results of the survey questions showed that: 1. Students of Engineering MehrAlborz relatively favorable in terms of self-directed learning and ICT literacy levels are desirable2. between all the components of SDL and additional information technology literacy and positive and significant correlation was found at 05/0(3) between the self-directed learning by gender, age, grade point average and employment There is no significant difference in step 4. The regression results indicate that the component was predicted by self-directed factors combine component (interpretation and presentation of data, using digital tools to combine, summarize, compare, showing the differences between the various sources of information) in the information and communication technology literacy variable.

The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting on the development of electronic-book in order to provide an appropriate model. Population of this study is secondary school teachers of Esfahan city the number of 1876 men and women formed. 320 person were selected with multi-stage cluster sampling from areas 2, 3 and 5 of Esfahan education. For data collection, the library and field methods were used. The instruments were questionnaire on four factors for the attractiveness of electronic books(availability, the ability to interact with books, multimedia books and flexibility of the book), motivation to learn and develop attractive electronic books. The validity content and its reliabilitybyAlphaKronbakh 93/0=α was calculated. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (including table frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression) were used. The results showed, among four aspects of availability, The ability to interact with books and flexibility, Multimedia of the book has significant relationship with the development of attractive of e-books, at 05/0>P. Learning motivation, was the mediating variable between the four dimensions(availability, reliability and flexibility of interacting with books, multimedia books being) with the development of the attractiveness of electronic books in the 05/0> P, respectively. The results showed that experimental research has been fitted relatively good.

The quality of measurement learning system is one of the most important transformational processes in educational system and it effects method, the extent of learning and develop life skills. Development in the field of classroom assessments have passed three approaches of measuring (AAL, AFL, AOL). The approach to measuring is the newest approach, by targeting and providing suitable conditions, provide the context of formation and enhancement of student’s competencies as independent, flexible and critical citizens. In this study in order to examine the level of awareness and using three dimensional approaches by teachers in a sequential three steps process has been passed. reviewing the history of the research and interviewing experts to identify the markers by distinguishing three-dimensional approaches; b) implementing a questionnaire to measure the level of familiarity of teachers with approaches Triple, and (c) Compilation of the log of behavior and observation performance of 11 teachers in the class process. Sample selection has been targeted and available. The data of the second stage were collected by using a questionnaire developed and reviewed by 34 teachers. To increase the validity of the questionnaire and based on the multisession strategy, the behavioral checklist was prepared and the performance of 11 teachers was also observed. The comparison of the average rankings with the Friedman test showed that there is a significant difference between observing the examples of the three approaches the difference is that the AOL approach with 96% has the highest level of observance of the examples in the classes and the observance of the examples The AAL approach, with 40%, had the lowest rates in the classroom. Failure to observe 59 percent of the AAL approach in the observed classes emphasized the need for attention and training on this important issue. In general, the results show a low level of awareness and minimal attention to the examples of the AAL approach as an underlying approach to citizenship education. While the AOL approach, which has little to do with constructivist perspectives, the fostering of creative and entrepreneurial citizens, continues to dominate, focusing on awareness and teacher-centered actions.
In the second step, two Likert - scale questionnaires were prepared by the researcher for the students and teachers. The questionnaires were spread among the sample population after validity (content and construct) and reliability was approved bigger than 70.0. Results of the study showed that variables of strategies, policies, and general goals and support infrastructure has an average quality, while the quality of infrastructure technology management and human factors is higher than average. Also, it can be stated that totally, the quality of E-learning department of university is higher than average.

This article aims at discovering the cultural features of Iranian learners in the e-learning System. Conducting by using the thematic analysis, semi - structured interview, purposive snowball - sampling, the viewpoint of 20 expertises on Iranian cultural dimensions such as attitude toward Study in elearning Systems, teacher authority, and learning - Teaching methods - preferred Iranian learner and Evaluation assessing preferred methods Iranian learner were investigated. According to the cultural studies of Hoftstede, Morse learning dimension of high and low context, Parish et al, Trompeniaar (The results) indicated that: in case of Iranian attitude toward Study in e-learning System they were Ascription Culture assigned and highly uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, highly power distance, for teacher''s authority it showed the empowering of culture in education and collectivism, in case of learning - (Teaching) method preferred learner learning - (Teaching) method they were in line with high uncertainty avoidance and Cultural collectivism and for Evaluation assessing the preferred method, method preferred correlated with high cultural context.

In recent years, with increasing growth and volume of changes in didactic methods, adapting learning grounds to all facets of the learner's needs are focused attention by education experts. Because the virtual world can, due to its own structure, strengthen or weaken interactions followed by learning process. Regard to the importance of this subject, we decided to comparatively and analytically examine the properties of Distance Higher Education institutions in countries of England (Open University in UK), India (National Open University if Gandhi), Japan (The Open University in Japan) and Iran (Payame Noor University) in the major of Psychology in order to find similar and different points, and to use effective experiences via adapting with existing conditions which lead to advancement of distance learning.