فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 20 (پاییز 1393)

Societal and economic security is a basic pre-requisite of a sustained and balanced development in a community. On one hand lack of such a feeling may apparently decline the dynamic forces of a given society, and on the other it may boost social costs of the society without making an improvement in welfare of that society. This research aims at studying the sense of security among Tehran’s citizens and the factors affecting such a sense among them. As a survey research, this study used organized interviews with 384 persons via cluster sampling. Societal sense of security is comprised of four main aspects: physical, financial, intellectual and collective. Findings showed that the over 90 percent of Tehran’s citizens have average to low societal sense of security. From the aforesaid four aspects, social, financial and physical security had higher average rate than intellectual and collective security. There is meaningful relationship between social-economic status, social confidence and inclination to participation with social security. Also, the value of R2 was calculated to be 0.258 which indicated that these variables can explain only 25.8 percent of changes. Also social-economic status and social trust were found to have the highest rate of influence on social security.

The aim of this study (2012) is to investigate the relationship between the sense of security and trust. This research is based on the theoretical approach of Giddens. Giddens believes that the new world has brought about non-reassuring and unsecured situation. So trust will provide the formation of security and if trust is not grown, it will be fears and feelings of security. Target population of this research included all Arak citizens. Technique of data collection is based on questionnaire. Sampling method is stratified random and sample size is 400. In this article, sense of security is measured in the four dimensions of financial, physical, intellectual and collective and the relationship of each of these dimensions are measured separately with trust variable. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between trust and sense of security. Since generalized trust has a stronger statistical correlation with sense of security in comparison with other dimensions, the proposed solutions for increase social trust are provided in order to increase the sense of security.

States have always tried to provide people or some of people with the minimum level of welfare to keep them satisfied. However, the interference by governments in this matter varies. This study is about the attitudes of Ali- Ibn-Abitaleb towards welfare since he is the one whose governance is a model for Iranians by which they have been inspired. In order to do this the content analysis of Nahj-ol-balaghe was employed. In this content analysis the main category was welfare and frequency tables were used to report the findings and the analysis of the findings was conducted in a qualitative way. Referring to the conceptual framework and the text, the sub categories of welfare were obtained as follows: 1. Poverty 2. Donation 3. Knowledge and learning4. Justice and equality 5. Right and wrong 6. Consultation 7. Reason and wisdom 8. Contentment and greed 9. Solidarity, friendship and trust. The most important conclusion was that along with emphasizing the above mentioned welfare concepts, he based the welfare of a society on institutionalizing moral values, doing justice to people, promoting equality and upholding people's rights and freedom.

Justice is one the most highly regarded virtues in societies and is as old as the human society itself. since people have different perceptions about the idea of justice according to their understanding and social values, the analysis of injustice in a society without considering its mental and perceptional aspects can lead to a misunderstanding. Therefore this study explores the students’ point of view about social justice and investigates the answer of this question: “can we consider the observed difference in people’s points of view about social justice, as related to their religiosity?” The theoretical viewpoints of current study are categorized in 4 groups: Need, Equality, fairness and individualism. Among different religion typologies, Shepherd typology was selected. Using Kukran formula by proportional layer sampling, survey was done among 382 students -332 from Tehran and 50 from Shahed university- were questioned. Results show that there is a correlation between the students’ point of view about justice and their type of religiosity. As their religious beliefs became more secular and individualistic and rationalistic, their points of view about social justice became more liberalized and as their religious beliefs became more traditional, their point of view about social justice became socialistic. Moreover, age and sex have correlation with respondent’s points of view about social justice but there was no significant correlation among social-economic base, semester of study, marital status and field of study and point of view about social justice. Results also show that most of the students had a Ralzi (compound) view about social justice.

The Purpose of this paper is analyzing the relationship between Social Capital, and the development level of Ilam. To do this, combination of the mixed idea of Durkhim; Anomie theory, Habermas; Life World and Social Transition has been introduced as a theoretical base. Method this research is done by a social survey. Statistical population is all the household Caretakers in Ilam. Due to the spreading of the statistical population, the multi stage sampling is adopted to survey among 402 sample. Dependent variable in this research is the development level of Ilam’s regions.Considering the degree of development it is divided to developed, developing and under developed regions. Findings show that the amount of inter personal trust is upper than public and institutional trust. In this statistical population the amount of informal participation is high and the amount of formal ones is low. There isn’t relationship between the amount of cooperation, institutional trust and amount of political participation with the level of development. As a conclusion it should be said that, although Ilam is developing in urban fabric, in one hand because of anomic situation and destroying world life on the other hand, which both are the consequents of modernization experience, the relationship between urban development of region and the level of social capital has been disturbed.

This study estimates quality of life index for provinces by using Sen approach. The empirical results for 30 provinces by totally fuzzy analysis, evaluate and show that West Azerbayjan, Kourdestan and Sistan & Balouchestan are in crises area. Due to this, with mentioning 3 sub indices and 9 variables that used in this research, proposed policies to decrease deprivation in such provinces have explained. The results of Pearson coloration coefficient, show that there is a significant relation between QOL and HDI that explain HDI is a good presenter for welfare; but because QOL encompasses more pervasive variables in, it is more universal. Results show that in spite of country studies, there isn’t significant correlation between human development index and income per capita, and also quality of life and income per capita.

Social well-being depends largely on various social and cultural factors. This study was aimed at examining the degree of social well-being among teachers and describing the effect of perceived organizational justice on that. The hypotheses were derived from different theories of organizational justice and social well-being and tested accordingly. Methodologically, as a combination of documentary and field research, it investigated descriptive correlation. In a field analysis, 361 teachers working in guidance schools in the districts of 2, 8 and 17 districts of Tehran in 2013 participated by filling out questionnaires of social well-being (Keyes, 2002) and perceived organizational justice (Neihoff and Moorman, 1993). Teachers were selected and studied using multi-stage cluster sampling. Data analysis was done at two levels of descriptive (mean) and expressive (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions). The results showed a direct relation between perceived organizational justice and its three-dimensional elements (distributive, procedural, interactional) with the level of social well-being. Among the elements of organizational justice, interactional justice showed stronger correlation with teachers’ social well-being. The results of linear regression test indicated a linear relation between two variables of perceived organizational justice and the degree of teachers’ well-being while perceived organizational justice had the potential of predicting 25 percent of changes in teachers’ social wellbeing. Multiple regression analysis revealed interactional justice with standardized beta equivalent to 0/493 as the major predicting factor for teachers’ social well-being. Generally the results showed that teachers’ social well-being as a social construct is affected by the quality and quantity of perceived organizational justice and its three elements (distributive, procedural, interactional).