فصلنامه برنامه ریزی رفاه و توسعه اجتماعی
پیاپی 35 (تابستان 1397)

In recent years, the role and active participation of local and municipal administration in the field of economic development has been accepted as one of the new missions of urban management. One of the most important measures to improve the economic capacity of the cities is to improve the business environment. The importance of paying attention to the business environment is a direct link between the development indicators in a city and the analysis of the effects and implications for development of the city, which is of interest to experts.
Currently, in Iran, the business environment is measured only at the national and provincial levels. But it should be noted that focusing on lower levels, such as cities, is important as well because in some cities, dominated situation could not be explained and analyzed by the economic trends in national level. Hence, in this article, studying business environment in Sadra's new city and the effects on development of the city are considered. The method of the research is a questionnaire in combination with interviews. Using a targeted sampling method, 54 economic activists in Sadra were interviewed and the same questionnaire containing 57 questions was distributed and completed. The results of the research show that the business environment of Sadra city, is lower than average. In this situation, the city's business enterprises have not been able to perform well enough and the private sector has moved to underground, unproductive and informal economies.

One of the key concepts in the issue of Unemployment is the concept of NEET, which refers to young people who are not employed and who are not educating or training. The purpose is to present the definition of the concept of NEET and introduce its subgroups, and examine the components of its creation in Iran. The research method is qualitative and documentary method has been used in which the data and information about the labor market of Iran from reliable sources such as the Center for Statistics of Iran, International Labor Organization and etc.
Results show that the NEET rate in Iran was estimated at 23%, and this rate in women is 2.5 times higher than that of men. Also, among women between the ages of 25-29, it is more common (43.2%) than other age groups. In terms of education, people aged 25 to 29 years undergoing postgraduate education are more likely to develop NEETs. Living in remote areas or migrating from village to city and from big cities to metropolises are another components of the youth's emerging NEET.
The political factor includes the developmental policies of governments and their implications, inadequate demographic and educational policies and failure to properly implement of employment plans such as Self-employment loans, SMEs and Internship are the main structural components that have led to an increase in the proportion of NEETs in the young population of Iran in recent years.

A home business is a continuous activity including the production or distribution of goods or services, which is carried out in the home, and generally for the purpose of earning. During the last few dewcadeshome business has once again been attractive to people, policymakers, government officials, and NGOs. In recent years, in Iran, government support actions have been done to develop and growth these businesses. Still, there are difficulties and challenges for these businesses and how to support them. The purpose of this study is to identify the existing obstacles and problems as well as offering solutions. The information was obtained through a semi-structured interviews with home business owners, Facilitators, consultants and officials of supportive institutions, these individuals have been identified through the snowball sampling method. The results of the research indicate that existing problems about government support actions can be categorized in two categories, first is the problems that government officials encounter with them about of home business, and second government support actions problems.

Hope for the future is one of the indicators of quality of life and social welfare. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the amount of hope and the factors affecting it among the citizens. The research was conducted by survey method. The statistical population includes citizens over 18 in Tehran. Sample size was 610 people and sampled individuals are selected by simple random sampling and multi-level cluster sampling. Descriptive results show that 54.3 percent of citizens have high hopes and the rest have relative or minimal hopes. the independent variables, it should be noted that the variables of social vitality (happiness), sense of security, satisfaction of needs is estimated at medium upward level, the variables of feeling of deprivation and the economic and social status at the medium level and the variables of sense of acceptability and religiosity at upper and the variable of sense of social justice is estimated at low-medium level. Correlation test results show that all independent variables have a meaningful relationship with hope for future. Regression results show that among independent variables, social vitality with a beta coefficient of 0/415, feeling of deprivation and feeling of social justice each of one with a beta of 0/17 percent have the most significant part in explaining the dependent variable of the research (hope for future). Also, the equation of predicting the rate of hope for future, can account for 34.8 percent of variance of dependent variable, in other words, the mentioned independent variables can affect more than one third of the amount of hope for the future among the people of Tehran.

The tendency to watch satellite programs, establish networks and broadcast programs in Persian through these networks has been a wave of concerns over the past year on increasing social harm, especially family-related harm.
Accordingly, the social analysis and analysis of the effects of these programs on the failure of families in Tehran (apart from all other effective factors on family breakdown) is the main objective of this paper.
The theoretical framework include the theory of dependency, the theory of uses and satisfactions, and finally the theory of planting in the field of communication and media.
this research applies analytical-descriptive survey type. The method of collecting the field information and its tool is a researcher made questionnaire. A sample of 137 people from the Farsi-language satellite network program is randomly selected among those who are in some way involved with the issue of disputes, tensions, and family-related complaints, and some of them have referred to the court for this reason.
The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by using its rationale and its reliability through Cronbach's alpha (alpha coefficient total 0/894).
The results of the research indicate that there is a relationship between watching Persian-language programs of satellite networks and families of families in Tehran.
In addition, the results of the research show that Persian-language satellite programs that promote illegal relationships, such as: serials that promote free sexual relations directly and indirectly, affect breakdown of families.

This study conducted to examine the relationship between economic socialization and economic culture among citizens over 18 years in Yazd using survey. 383 persons were selected based on Cochran Formula and by the cluster sampling method. A researcher-administered questionnaire was used to measure variables. The validity of research instrument is evaluated by formal methods. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for evaluation of research instrument reliability. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the variables of economic attitudes and economic behavior were 0.628 and 0.713 respectively. Also, collected data were analyzed through SPSS software. The results showed that 70 percent of respondents had productive economic culture and only 30 percent of them had unproductive economic culture. The results also showed that economic behaviors had a significant positive relationship with all types of socialization (socialization through family, socialization through friends, socialization through education system and socialization through the mass media). But there was no significant relationship between economic attitudes and different types of socialization. As well as economic knowledge had a significant positive relationship with socialization through the mass media. Also there was a significant positive relationship between economic culture and different types of socialization. Regarding multi-variable regression analysis, variables of socialization through family and socialization through the mass media entered the regression equation and totally it explained variance of 6.7 % of economic culture.

Urban public spaces meet a large part of the social needs of people in urban societies. Considering that the interaction of citizens with public spaces on the one hand and the communication of citizens in public spaces on the other is a requirement of urban living; recognition of the quality and properties of these urban spaces and the social-cultural norms of them seems necessary.
The current research, using the ''Grounded Theory'' method, attempts to extract related and defining categories of urban public spaces in Tehran Contemporary era. According to the views of users of these spaces, the categories are: equality, comfort and comfort, diversity, communication and interaction, mental image and meaning, tendency, awareness, sense of belonging and collective identity, harmony, freedom, presence, dynamism And vitality. Also, the most important issue facing spaces is "balance and justice" in various dimensions and categories; Tehran's urban public spaces can be considered as balanced and fair spaces that can be found in all aspects and categories But it seems that nowadays, every space that can even satisfy a small part of the human need in the urban public space has to be accepted as a public urban space, while its quality and level of achievement to the criteria and norms of an ideal urban public space should be discussed. For this purpose, in this research, it has been tried to explain, what “should be done” and what “should not be done” or in other words, the related social-cultural - privative and affectionate – norms according to the aspects, concepts, issues and challenges regarding these spaces.