نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 22 (پاییز 1393)

The purpose of this study was to compare the pathological components of organizational performance in successful and unsuccessful sports federations. The research method was comparative study in which data was collected by field study method. The sample size was equated with the population which consisted of 127 employees of successful federations including wrestling، rowing and water skiing، Wushu، Taekwondo and weightlifting federations as well as 54 employees of unsuccessful federations including Kabaddi، physical fitness and aerobics، tribal and rural sport، sports-for-all and Kung Fu federations. There was 143 employees were participated in this study. The subjects completed Preziosi''s organizational diagnosis questionnaire (ODQ) (1980). The criteria to consider sports federations as either successful or unsuccessful were based on the assessment conducted on the performance of federations by the Ministry of Sports and Youth during the first half of 2010. Data analysis was done by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test، two-sample independent t-test، Mann Whitney U test. The results showed that successful federations had a better status in regard to organizational structure (P<0. 05). Unsuccessful federations was better than successful ones in organizational communication and reward system (P<0. 05). There were no significant difference in organizational goals، leadership، useful mechanisms and drive for change between successful and unsuccessful organizations (P>0. 05).

Due to the importance and benefits of entering premier league’s football clubs into stock market، this research has been done to assess the current status of mentioned clubs and compare it with the conditions for entering the stock market and give practical proposals for entering the premier league’s professional football clubs into stock market. This study was a descriptive-survey research. The instrument for collecting data was a researcher-made check-list regulated on the basis of the stock market’s terms & conditions and its validity confirmed by experts and specialists. The statistical population of this research was the 18 premier league’s professional football clubs in the year 1390 and the sample was the same statistic population. The data was collected from the club’s managers. To study and analyze the collected data، descriptive statistics was used. The obtained results indicate that: 1- the structure of management and human resources of mentioned clubs is not appropriate for a professional beneficial football club. 2-none of the clubs investigated in this research is qualify for entering the stock market. 3-concerning AIM except Rah Ahan club which shares have been sold through this market to the private section in a lump without crossing the process of entering the market، other clubs have not entered it yet. Regarding the results of this research، it’s necessary that mentioned clubs establish required changes in their managerial، official and financial structure for entering the stock market.

Given the increasing importance of entrepreneurship and its important role in students’ employment، this study was conducted to examine the effect of Emotional Intelligence on students'' entrepreneurial intentions. A model was developed and was tested among undergraduate students of Physical Education faculty of Tehran University. The model was tested by using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. Based on the findings of this research، Emotional intelligence dimensions have positive effects on entrepreneurial intentions of students. Since Emotional intelligence can be educated and we can develop it، so it can be an important factor in the development of students'' entrepreneurial intentions and entrepreneurship.

The purpose of present study was investigation the relationship between social capital and burnout of physical education teachers of Guilan province. Statistical community of present study was the entire physical education teachers of Guilan province (n=617). Statistical sample selected based on Morgan’s schedule from 3 pole (east، west، middle) of Guilan province (n=287). 3 questionnaires was used for data’s gathering include demographic questionnaire، Maslash (1996) (25 qustions) and social capital questionnaire (Khodadad 1389 with 41 questions). Cronbach''s alpha coefficient was utilized in a pilot study to examine the internal consistency of questionnaires (r=0. 84 and r=0. 85 respectively). Data were analyzed with one-sample kolmogrov-smirnov، Friedman، Wilcoxon، Spearman correlation، Mann-Whitney Test، and regression in significance level of P? 0. 05. Results showed there are significant differences between dimensions of burnout and also between dimensions of social capital. The priority of dimensions of burnout was decrease of performance، and priority of dimensions of social capital was organizational citizenship. Result showed there is significant negative relationship between social capital and burnout and increasing in amount of social capital lead to decrease of burnout. Also result of regression showed that dimension of social capital can predict the burnout of physical education teachers، and dimension of independent variable (social capital) predict the burnout up to 36%. Also، interpersonal trust، organization trust and organizational citizenship were most important factors for predicting of burnoutIn whole the findings supported the notion that social capital has significant influence on decrease of burnout.

Today it seems to be necessary to generate innovative ideas in social and economic section to comparative advantage in new business opportunities. Therefore، this study aimed to compared the views of experts of sports management and co-administration experts on the development of small and medium sport enterprises in the form of cooperative، in order to achieve economic and social goals. This research is Descriptive–survey. Statistical society of this research included co-administration experts and masters of faculty physical education in sport management of Iran. The sample was by counting all from the community. The survey was performed through questionnaires that 33 measures were utilized، in which responses were measured by a 5-point Likert-type scale. The conceptual validation of questionnaires is confirmed by experts. The reliability of scales، for co-administration experts 0. 91 and for academic experts was 0. 94. The results of analyzing data in this research was performed employing repeated analysis of variance test، bounferoni test and Independent t-test in Significant level of? 0. 05 by SPSS 18. Findings of this research showed no significant deference between co-administration and academic experts، viewpoint. And all of two groups been agree about the importance of supportive-incentive، legal-structure، training، ICT factors and information-cultural factors on the development of small and medium sport enterprises in the form of cooperative.

The aim of the current study was to provide a model for development of Teams'' brand loyalty among fans of football premier league in Iran، based on literature review. The study was a descriptive-survey research and a practical one. Research population involved the fans of football teams that were famous for having eager fans in football premier league in Iran in season of 1390-91. Based on a pilot study a sample of (n=382) was found to be proper for this study، and finally 420 questionnaire were distributed among fans who were selected through purposive available sampling، that among them، 409 questionnaires were found to be valid and measurable. The research tool was adapted from Gladen and Funk (2001) Atittudinal Loyalty، Fink et al (2003) Behavioral loyalty، Ahearn et al (2005) Identity attractiveness، Mael and Ashforth (2003) Fan-team identification، and Koo (2009) Team identity questionnaires. The questionnaire composed of 5 parts as well as demographic part، that totally involved 34 items. Questionnaire''s face validity was investigated according to 15 sport and marketing scholars’ comments، and questionnaire''s content validity was found to be 0/79. The questionnaire''s total reliability was also found to be %86 according to Choronbach’s alpha. SPSS18 and PLS were used for data analysis. According to research findings the dimensions of Team identity had no positive and significant effect on Identity attraction; Identity attraction had a positive and significant effect on Fan-team identification (? = 0/695); Fan-team identification had a positive and significant effect on Attitudinal loyalty (? = 0/655); and finally Attitudinal loyalty had a positive and significant effect on Behavioral loyalty (? = 0/727).

This research aims to investigate the methods for “revive”، ”promoting” and “developing” the native and local games throughout the country. The methodology used for this study is descriptive-analytical and is done of the survey kind. The statistical sample of this study consists of 2983 specialists working in sport for all and rural and nomadic sport boards throughout the country، faculty members of physical education throughout the country university and the specialists working in organizations and universities throughout the country. A researcher made questionnaire is designed for this study according to the result of studies done before and its validity is determined using viewpoints the specialists and theoreticians’ of this field، and the reliability approved using Chronbach''s alpha (0. 77). Data are analyzed and examined using descriptive statistics، confirmatory factor analyses by LISREL and SPSS software’s. The results indicates that “the simplicity of dealing with local game”، “no need for facilities and particular space” and “compatibility with various age level” are the most important positive aspects of local and native games and play. Furthermore in term of samples، “lake of planning”، “not holding the competitions regularly”، “no coverage by media”، are the most important obstacle hindering development of local a native sport. Based on the result of confirmatory factor analyses of the research’s variable، «educating physical education teachers»، “implementing through physical education courses in school and universities”، “developing through physical education faculties” and “including in mainstreams’ programs” are the solutions that had the most significant role in Promotion variable. In the Development variable، solution، such as “preparing the comprehensive plan of native and local game”، “increasing the budget related this sector”، “passing obligatory laws”، enjoys a high level of importance. In addition، the solution such as «teaching in schools and universities”، “teaching and informing through media” in stepwise play a vital role in Revival variable. Among three variable “development”، “promotion” and “revival” the variables “Development” and “Revival” (each of them with %89 factor loading) play the most important role comparing to the variable “Promotion“in improving local and native games.

The aim of the present research is to examine the evaluation of the extent of achieving educational aims of Physical Education M. A. on occupational success for occupied graduates. The present research method is descriptive and the statistical community for the research is comprised of all the graduates in 1991 and further، who had jobs. The scale for measuring the research was questionnaire. In this research descriptive statistics and also perceptive statistics such as Kolomogorov- Smoirmov، Spearman، and Pierson Correlation Coefficients، Chi square and Friedman test was used. The achieved results from this research demonstrated that there is a meaningful and positive relation among the role of perceptive educations and occupational success for graduates of Physical Education M. A. (r=0. 598 and p=0. 01); there is meaningful difference among the perception of Physical Education M. A. Graduates to educational tendencies and their jobs (p=0. 01); there is meaningful and positive relation among the satisfaction of Physical Education M. A. Graduates from educational characteristics – specializing، basic and optional – with occupational success only in physiology tendency in basic subjects (p=0. 038 and r=0. 558)، laboratory techniques and thesis (p=0. 027 and r=0. 589). So occupational success for graduates should be an exclusive attention towards theoretical educations and beside that، there should be practical subjects regarding to any tendency.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship between locus of control and organizational ethic with job satisfaction and present a final model in workplace for physical education teachers in Alborz province، Iran. A total of 300 teachers were selected through stratified random sampling. The instruments used in the study were 3 questionnaires of Wysocki and Kromm Job Satisfaction (1994)، Organizational Ethic of Chy koh (2001)، Locus of Control Scale developed by Burger (1986). Data from the questionnaires were analyzed using AMOS-16 and SPSS19 software. The results of final model showed that there was a negative and significant relationship between the variables of organizational ethic and external locus of control. There was a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational ethic. Similarly، the relationship between organizational ethic and internal locus of control was positive and significant. Same results were obtained for male and female teachers.

The purpose of this study is study the relationship between happiness and organizational commitment in staff of Youth and Sports Ministry of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Research community، staff of Youth and Sports Ministry were 914. (n=914). Among which، 295 persons were selected as samples. Information collected by the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and Meyer and Allen''s organizational commitment (OCQ). Reliability coefficient of the questionnaire is approved by domestic and foreign research. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient of Happiness questionnaire was (0/93) and organizational commitment questionnaire has been reported by (0/84). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the distribution of the data and Pearson''s correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between variables. Study of relationship between happiness and organizational commitment showed correlation (P=0/782) at a significant level (P? 0/01) that indicate the relationship between organizational commitment and happiness is significant. Also، the relationship between happiness and components of organizational commitment show correlation (P=0/813) between happiness and emotional component and the correlation (P=0/607) between happiness and the normative in significance level (P? 0/01). However، a significant relationship was not found between happiness and continuance commitment. Based on results of this study the effort of organizations to improve employee morale and increase their happiness will increase attachment to the organization and their efforts to improve agency performance. Accordingly، employing strategies to increase the happiness of the employees can increase organizational commitment and optimized organizational performance.

The purpose of the present study was to explore of job characteristics among Iranian soccer referees based on Job Characteristics Model (JCM). The statistical society was selected from soccer referees in premier league and A-league. The statistical samples were chosen equal to the statistical society; therefore 157 elite soccer referees were examined. The data were collected by a seven-point Likert scale Jacko’s questionnaire (2004) which its content and face validity was confirmed by 12 university expert and soccer referees and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability (r =. 91). To compare and modeling the core job characteristics of soccer referees، Mauchly’s W، Huynh-feldt tests and Partial Least Squares (PLS) were used. Results show that characteristics of skill variety (. 79)، specialization (. 77)، feedback from job (. 62)، process information (. 61)، autonomy (. 53)، task significant (. 50)، problem solving (. 27)، had significant effects on core job characteristics among soccer referees، respectively. Given that criteria psychological states did not have any effects on general satisfaction، it seems that other mediator variables are needed for JCM of soccer referees. On the whole، attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of soccer referees mainly achieved through characteristics of skill variety and task significant، and psychological state of meaningfulness of the work.